Čo je glaukóm?

Glaukóm je ochorenie, ktoré vedie k poškodeniu zrakového nervu. Takto poškodený zrakový nerv stráca schopnosť prenosu informácií z oka do mozgu a dochádza k postupnej a nezvratnej strate zraku. 

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Najbežnejšou formou (takmer 90 % všetkých prípadov) glaukómu je primárny glaukóm s otvoreným uhlom. Spôsobuje ho zvýšenie vnútroočného tlaku, ktorý spomaľuje odtok komorového moku z prednej očnej komory. Býva často bez príznakov, a preto sa zväčša odhalí až v pokročilom štádiu.

Glaukóm so zatvoreným uhlom vzniká zúžením uhla medzi dúhovkou a rohovkou, v dôsledku čoho komorový mok ťažko odteká a náhle sa zvyšuje tlak v oku. Pacient s týmto typom glaukómu môže pociťovať bolesť hlavy, očí, pocit na vracanie, vidieť v noci dúhové kruhy okolo svetiel a môže mať tiež rozmazané videnie.

Štyri kľúčové informácie o glaukóme:

1.     Nič vás pred ním nevaruje. Neprezrádzajú ho žiadne symptómy. Zvýšený očný tlak nepociťujete ako bolesť. Strata zraku začína pri periférnom videní, čo si môžete podvedome nahrádzať pootočením hlavy. Nevšimnete si vôbec nič, až kým nie je strata zraku závažná. Najlepšie, čo môžete urobiť, je nechať sa vyšetriť a vaša liečba sa môže začať okamžite.

2.     Zatiaľ sa nedá vyliečiť. Rovnako, lekári nedokážu „opraviť“ poškodený zrak. Pomocou liekov a operácie sa však dá zastaviť postupujúca strata videnia. Primárny glaukóm s otvoreným uhlom je chronické ochorenie, preto ho lekári musia monitorovať až do konca života pacienta. Prvý krok na to, aby ste si zachovali zrak, je navštíviť očnú ambulanciu.

3.     Glaukóm sa týka všetkých. Môže sa objaviť u kohokoľvek, od batoliat až po seniorov. Navyše je dedičný, ak sa vyskytol v minulosti u niekoho z rodiny, máte až 9-násobne vyššie riziko, že ho dostanete tiež.

K rizikovým faktorom patrí tiež:

  • zvýšený vnútroočný tlak spôsobený poruchou regulácie tvorby komorového moku či upchatím odtokových kanálikov pre komorový mok
  • vek nad 40 rokov
  • cievne ochorenia, cukrovka a vysoký krvný tlak
  • ťažké zápaly či vážny úraz oka
  • užívanie kortikosteroidov
  • závažná krátkozrakosť
  • centrálna hrúbka rohovky <0,5 mm

Ak ste v rizikovej skupine, mali by ste si nechať spraviť kompletné vyšetrenie u očného lekára každý jeden, dva roky.

4.     Neliečený glaukóm je druhou najčastejšou príčinou slepoty. Nanešťastie približne 10% ľudí s glaukómom aj napriek liečbe stratí svoj zrak.

Diagnostikovali vám glaukóm, na čo by ste sa mali lekára spýtať?

  • Ako novodiagnostikovaný pacient by ste mali počítať s tým, že vám očný lekár skontroluje zrak každý týždeň/mesiac, až kým sa tlak nedostane pod kontrolu. Aj potom však budete chodiť na pravidelné prehliadky niekoľko krát do roka.
  • Riaďte sa pokynmi lekára, lebo ani tie najnovšie vedecké poznatky a lieky vám nepomôžu, keď nebudete počúvať odborníka.
  • Pýtajte sa na všetko, čo vás zaujíma – liečba, výsledky, vedľajšie účinky. Ak vám nesadne predpísaná liečba, oznámte to lekárovi ihneď, aby vám našiel niečo vhodnejšie.
  • Pýtajte sa napríklad:

Základ:

  •  Aký typ glaukómu mám?
  •  Môžete povedať, či niečo konkrétne u mňa spôsobilo glaukóm? Ak áno, čo to bolo?
  •  Ako bude sa bude naďalej vyvíjať môj zrak?
  •  Čo mám povedať rodine a okoliu?
  •  Aká je prognóza?

Liečba:

  • Aké sú možnosti liečby?
  •  Čo je pre mňa najvhodnejšie? Prečo?
  •  Aké sú riziká a vedľajšie účinky?
  •  Čo by sa stalo, ak by som liečbu ignoroval/a?
  •  Beriem ešte iné lieky. Sú navzájom kompatibilné?
  •  Ako dlho ma budete liečiť?
  •  Ako zistím, že liečba funguje?
  •  Ako často budem chodiť na kontroly?

Životný štýl:

  •  Mala by som obmedziť nejakú stravu?
  •  Aké cvičenie by mi mohlo pomôcť?
  •  Mal by som byť opatrnejší pri práci alebo šoférovaní?
  •  Akým aktivitám by som sa mal úplne vyhnúť?

Liečba:

  • Dnes máme k dispozícii len liečbu, ktorá znižuje vnútroočný tlak. Dá sa to medikamentózne, laserom alebo operáciou. Liečenie potrvá celý život. Lekári vedia dostať glaukóm pod kontrolu, ale nevedia ho vyliečiť.
  • Lekár vám pravdepodobne predpíše očné kvapky, niektoré sa užívajú raz za deň, iné častejšie.
  • Ukazuje sa, že laser je rovnako efektívny ako očné kvapky. Je to jednoduchá, rýchla a nie veľmi bolestivá metóda, ako dostať očný tlak pod kontrolu, u niektorých pacientov až na päť rokov.
  • Operácie väčšinou podstupujú pacienti s ťažším štádiom zeleného zákalu, ale vďaka tomu, že terapia sa stále vyvíja, dnes je operácia bezpečná aj pre pacientov v skoršej fáze. Pri operácii, ktorá sa spravidla robí v lokálnej narkóze, sa vytvorí umelý odtok pre komorový mok.
  • Výber liečby závisí od viacerých faktorov, ktoré sú individuálne u každého pacienta.

Oslepnem?

Pravdepodobne každému pacientovi preletí táto otázka v hlave, keď si vypočuje diagnózu. Našťastie, u väčšiny je odpoveď záporná. Správna diagnostika, nastavenie liečby a prístup k nej, ako aj následný monitoring stabilizuje väčšinu pacientov. Pacienti by však mali disciplinovane užívať predpísané očné kvapky.

Viac informácií nájdete na stránke: www.mojeoko.sk

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  • Komentár http://portal.sbateyl.org/ %AM, %24 %313 %2025 %06:%mar napísal http://portal.sbateyl.org/

    It originates from the third, fourth, and fifth ribs and ascends upward and laterally, inserting on the coracoid
    strategy of the shoulder blade (scapula). During dumbbell incline bench
    presses, the resistance is directly downward, and your triceps brachii take over a lot of the force from
    your chest on the prime of the press. While the pec main is one muscle, anatomically talking it has two distinct sets of muscle fibers.
    This is why you will usually hear folks saying "this train is good for the higher chest".

    This distinctive function makes them highly environment friendly for attaining a
    variety of health targets, including muscle gain,
    fats loss, and functional strength improvement. Focusing on Time Under Pressure (TUT) throughout your chest workouts can profoundly influence
    the effectiveness of your muscle-building efforts.
    TUT refers to the length your muscular tissues are actively engaged or under
    load throughout each repetition of an exercise.
    By extending this era strategically, you introduce
    a novel stimulus to your muscle fibers, stimulating them to
    adapt and develop. Push-ups are a traditional body weight train that not only strengthen your chest but in addition present an excellent alternative to focus on your inside pectoral muscular tissues.

    This fundamental exercise requires no tools and may be carried out nearly anyplace.
    The main benefit of the dumbbell chest fly is its capability to supply a deep stretch and
    contraction in the chest muscle tissue.
    That’s because muscle tissue burns more calories than fat tissue does.
    So as you strengthen your pecs and construct extra muscle, you’ll burn more calories.

    The good news is that you don't want costly machines
    or a health club membership to place together a strong chest exercise.
    A set of dumbbells is a wonderful complement to barbells for a chest exercise.
    But, you can even simply create an at-home chest workout with simply dumbbells.
    The machine usually has adjustable settings, so you possibly can set the height
    of the pulley and the amount of weight resistance.
    It’s an efficient body weight exercise for constructing strength and muscle definition within the internal
    pecs. To understand the inner chest muscle group, it is important to grasp the anatomy of the chest muscle tissue
    and recognize its benefits. When coaching the internal chest,
    varied elements come into play, corresponding to finding your line of pull and focusing on mind-muscle connection to
    achieve effective results. For 2-3 weeks, couple up a large muscle
    group (legs, back, chest) with a smaller muscle group (shoulders, arms,
    abs) or a push and a pull. Particularly when done with dumbbells, this
    train works the inner chest by way of its fullest vary of movement,
    which is an important factor of muscle development.

    This routine is a great stability challenge that forces you to depend
    on more than just brute strength. Whether you are an athlete, a
    workout enthusiast, or simply seeking to get
    healthier, making a dumbbell workout on your chest is significant to your general mobility and functional fitness.
    Now, many individuals are afraid to perform this movement or are simply not interested as
    a outcome of it requires slightly setup and will even look slightly humorous.
    The reverse cable crossover exercise is one other great
    choice that will assist you goal the back and grow
    your back. The train will primarily target the lats,
    however you will also notice a good number of biceps activations.
    This is a great cable train that may actually help you widen your upper back.

    General, it’s a multiplanar train that turns the cable chest press into a bigger compound motion.
    The seated cable press is an effective choice if
    you want to actually hone in in your pec main because the again relaxation will give you more stability.
    Nonetheless, it'll additionally barely restrict vary of movement, albeit
    you’ll nonetheless have adequate vary of motion specifically
    on your pec major. Decline push-ups have your chest muscular tissues working harder because
    your legs might be elevated on a box.
    Cable Squats are an excellent various to barbell squats 
    to build high quality muscle mass in the legs. The cable shrug is a variation of the shoulder shrug and one of the 
    greatest higher trap cable workout routines to build the higher back’s
    trapezius muscle. The cable upright row is probably considered one of
    the greatest variations of the upright row that helps to construct the shoulders and entice muscular tissues.
    The cable upright row is a compound exercise primarily focusing on your shoulder
    muscles, specifically the lateral (side) deltoids.
    It additionally prompts muscles in your upper again, just
    like the trapezius (traps), and includes your biceps for assistance.
    Though you might not see many individuals utilizing the cable machine for
    shoulder presses, it's still an excellent train to mix in your
    shoulder exercise. Cable Pullovers are the most effective
    exercise for building a robust rib cage and serratus anterior
    muscle, which together kind a complete chest and back.
    So far, we discussed inside chest exercises utilizing equipment and hence
    principally accomplished on the health club.
    An advanced model of the basic pushup, this train can goal your inside
    pec and your triceps effectively. If you are already a master at the pushup
    workout, apply your way up to this variation, and be able
    to get stunned with the results. Bench presses, pushups, dips – there are many chest exercises
    that help in pumping up the chest muscle tissue and supplying you with the last word sculpted upper body.
    However, no matter how exhausting you strive, achieving the perfect internal chest muscle is still
    a tough task.
    A research by Barnett, Kippers, and Turner (1995) found that an incline
    angle of 30 to forty five levels prompts the clavicular head of the chest more effectively than the flat bench press.
    This variation helps to create a well-rounded and proportionate chest.
    The barbell bench press is a cornerstone exercise for growing chest power and size.
    This compound movement primarily targets the pectoralis main while additionally engaging
    the anterior deltoids and triceps.
    Once every week will probably be plenty for so much of, but
    when you really feel that you've got recovered faster and that you could beat your
    previous weights, you could repeat it each 4–5 days.
    This workout is aimed toward both power and muscle progress, and it
    is feasible for you to to get good outcomes of both with
    it. Moreover, the pectoralis minor contributes to the respiratory course of.
    Throughout inhalation, the contraction of the pectoralis minor elevates the ribs, allowing
    air to fill the lungs. Cease worrying about your "inner" or "outer" chest and just concentrate on maximizing
    your total chest gains as a complete via proper train choice, form and progressive overload.

    You can’t isolate or shift more emphasis onto the "inner chest" for the straightforward cause that there actually isn't any such factor.

    Jeff Cavaliere is a Physical Therapist, Energy Coach and creator of the ATHLEAN-X Coaching Applications and ATHLEAN-Rx Dietary Supplements.

    His programs produce "next level" achievements in muscle dimension, power and performance for professional athletes and anybody seeking to construct a
    muscular athletic physique. The pectoralis major muscle is made
    up of three parts whose fibers run in different directions.

    Bear In Mind to maintain your arms shut to each other throughout this train. We counsel sticking with a dumbbell
    to make that simpler, however there’s nothing wrong with a detailed grip barbell variant.
    Whatever your physique is most snug with is always the most effective road to success.
    The ball is completely optional, and actually, it shouldn’t be introduced until you’re assured that your inner chest power is as much
    as snuff. This is a superb train for forcing you to work on the flexion and adduction of
    your pecs at the similar time. Inside rotation is the weirdest one to think about,
    nevertheless it means any rotation in direction of the central
    axis of your body.
    The variety of reps and units for an efficient
    inner chest workout will differ based mostly in your fitness degree,
    weekly workout frequency, and energy training objectives.
    In order to construct muscle you additionally must be positive your protein intake is sufficient.

    Most folks think that if their chest training consists of workouts for the upper, center and
    lower pecs they are masking all their bases for chest strength and chest dimension. For higher chest muscle development with a easy, symmetrical
    motion all through, the barbell incline chest press is a should.

    Run a resistance band via each of the palms of your hands and wrap it round your
    again to create further resistance and drive to work towards.
    Maintain normal pushup type as you do each set but focus on being as explosive as attainable
    as you progress up in opposition to the band. The Pallof press is a
    valuable movement prep and core strengthening train, and It helps to establish proper spinal alignment beneath load
    and increase core stability. Not Like barbell or dumbbell curls,
    where the resistance varies through the carry, the cable pulley provides
    a uniform resistance all through the motion.
    Which Means, that as an alternative of reaching peak resistance at or near the underside of the motion, you will attain peak resistance barely closer to the center of
    the movement. This distinction in drive curve may present
    a further stimulus for your chest to develop. Strong chest muscle tissue improve your physical performance in each athletic endeavor where you project pressure forward – whether
    you’re throwing a ball, a punch, or pushing
    an opponent out of your method.
    Pushups are a barebones muscle-building train that’s incorporated in almost every major athlete’s
    training program as a outcome of they work. Designed to act as a dumbbells,
    kettlebell, and medication ball multi functional,
    you presumably can diversify your chest workout fully with this revolutionary weight design. It is responsible
    for protraction (upward and forward movement) of the scapula and thoracic wall,
    permitting for overhead lifting. It additionally pulls your shoulder blade across the ribs, which gives you shoulder stability throughout pushing actions.

    The incline cable bench press is identical concept as the flat bench
    press. You are just altering your body position, which alters the
    trail of motion of your press. With the incline
    press, you're urgent up at an angle, so you get extra shoulder flexion, and thus more
    higher chest and front delt emphasis. Incline dumbbell presses put extra
    emphasis on the clavicular head of the pecs and work several different secondary muscles as well.
    The major reason for beginning with this train is to prioritize the
    higher chest. However, I’ll further talk about exercise order afterward in this article.

    Most people are beneath the impression that they can’t pack on a lot chest size
    with simply bodyweight chest workouts at house.
    And that heavy urgent actions within the health club are as an alternative important to doing
    so. Admittedly, these urgent actions within the health club are extraordinarily
    efficient and handy to use to construct your chest.

    The incline dumbbell press targets the higher chest
    with the further benefit of increased range of motion and
    improved stability. This exercise is especially effective for activating the clavicular head of the pectoralis major.
    A controlled tempo and a slight pause at the bottom of the motion additional
    improve muscle activation.
    To check out extra of the best resistance band workouts for chest, check out my article,
    Resistance Band Chest Workout. In addition to the Barbell Flat Bench Press and the Horizontal Cable Crossover I confirmed you above,
    I’ve obtained a couple extra favorite workouts for mid chest.
    The most essential factor in losing physique fats is vitamin, and that’s positively the
    proper place to begin. Diets are momentary, and I’m sure
    you need to lose your chest fat for good. You’ll must work to reduce overall bodyfat
    so as to lose your chest fats as a result of there isn't a approach to spot scale back fats in only one specific area of the body.

    But, if you can perform this classic body weight exercise,
    you've one of the best chest workout routines at your disposal.
    For many individuals, dumbbells are preferable to a barbell in this train. Not only because it could
    be easier to get into place with them, but additionally because
    they could allow an extended range of movement, which is
    likely optimistic on your pec muscle growth. The other one bends and extends with
    you to assist push your physique back-up.And then from there, you'll have the
    ability to carry out the complete fly but along with your arms positioned closer to your knees to
    decrease the load. Over time, you probably can lengthen the lever and improve the load placed on the chest by
    performing the movement along with your arms additional out
    ahead out of your knees.
    Cable flyes are a flexible exercise with quite a few advantages that can considerably improve your chest day routine.

    One of the primary advantages of cable flyes is their exceptional chest activation potential.

    In Contrast To many other chest workouts, cable flyes let you maintain fixed tension on your chest muscle tissue all through
    the entire vary of movement. As you bring your palms collectively at chest stage during the train, you’ll experience an intense contraction within the
    chest area, emphasizing the internal chest. You see, there are such a lot of more chest workouts that can allow you to swell your
    pecs.

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