Stalking je ako nočná mora

Poznáme ho najmä z amerických filmov, ale ani slovenským čiernym kronikám nie je tento jav neznámy... Obeťami sú predovšetkým ženy. Kriminológia a psychiatria definujú stalking (stopovanie) ako dlhodobé prenasledovanie a obťažovanie inej osoby, čím sa znižuje kvalita života tejto osoby a ohrozuje jej bezpečnosť.

freepik_personal_stalking

Rôzne podoby stalkingu poznáme z viac či menej kvalitných amerických filmov, ale prípady dlhodobého prenasledovania a vyhrážok sú aj súčasťou slovenskej reality. Stalker, teda prenasledovateľ, svoju obeť neustále kontaktuje, kontroluje a snaží sa nad ňou uplatniť svoju moc. Vytrvalo číha a môže sa objaviť kdekoľvek a kedykoľvek - v mieste bydliska, v práci, na ulici, pri nákupoch... Súčasne svoju obeť neustále atakuje - telefonátmi, SMS-kami, e-mailami alebo výhražnými symbolickými odkazmi (rozbité okná, poškriabané auto, vulgárne čmáranice na dverách, ubližovanie domácim miláčikom...).

Stalkermi sa stávajú bývalí partneri, kolegovia, susedia alebo celkom neznámi ľudia, ktorí si obeť jednoducho vyhliadnu, pričom nemusí ísť o celebritu. K typickým prenasledovateľom patrí opustený milenec; muž, ktorý má rôzne psychické problémy a nie je schopný trvalého partnerského vzťahu; človek, ktorým v dôsledku určitého konfliktu lomcuje pocit ukrivdenosti, zlosť a nenávisť; osoba bez životnej náplne, ktorá sa na niekoho upne; alebo takzvaný predátor, ktorý si vyhliadne obeť, zbiera o nej informácie a sníva o agresívnom sexuálnom útoku. A hoci je stalking predovšetkým "mužskou záležitosťou", známe sú aj prípady žien - prenasledovateliek, ktoré svojou agresivitou nezaostávajú za svojími mužskými "kolegami".

Ty­po­lo­gic­ky poz­ná­me pá­cha­te­ľov, kto­rí sa na poš­ko­de­né­ho po­ze­ra­jú ako na pros­trie­dok slú­žia­ci k napl­ne­niu ich túž­by po pom­ste. Čas­to si svo­je obe­te vy­be­ra­jú ná­hod­ne, ale na zá­kla­de po­dob­nos­ti s inou oso­bou, kto­rá im spô­so­bu­je prob­lé­my. Naj­me­nej po­čet­nú sku­pi­nu pá­cha­te­ľov tvo­ria sexuál­ni útoč­ní­ci, kto­rých hlav­ným mo­tí­vom je sexuál­ne us­po­ko­je­nie.

Odborníci ženám radia:

1. Nezbližujte sa s mužmi, ktorých labilná psychika a pocity menejcennosti naznačujú, že nedokážu uniesť partnerský rozchod.

2. Ak sa stanete obeťou stalkingu, zrušte s prenasledovateľom všetky kontakty a informujte o svojom pocite ohrozenia políciu, ktorá musí urobiť záznam.

3. Ak prenasledovateľ pozná vaše zvyky a trasy, po ktorých sa pohybujete, zmeňte ich do takej miery, ako je to len možné.

4. Všetky výhražné správy od stalkera si odložte, telefonáty si nahrávajte a poškodené veci si odfotografujte, najlepšie za prítomnosti svedkov.

5. Vonku sa vo večerných hodinách a na opustenejších miestach pohybujte iba so sprievodom a vždy noste zo sebou obranný sprej.

Pod­ľa § 360a ods. 1 Tres­tné­ho zá­ko­na, kto iné­ho dl­ho­do­bo pre­nas­le­du­je ta­kým spô­so­bom, že to mô­že vzbu­diť dô­vod­nú oba­vu o je­ho ži­vot ale­bo zdra­vie, ži­vot ale­bo zdra­vie je­mu blíz­kej oso­by ale­bo pod­stat­ným spô­so­bom zhor­šiť kva­li­tu je­ho ži­vo­ta, tým, že

a) sa vy­hrá­ža ub­lí­že­ním na zdra­ví ale­bo inou uj­mou je­mu ale­bo je­mu blíz­kej oso­be,

b) vy­hľa­dá­va je­ho osob­nú blíz­kosť ale­bo ho sle­du­je,

c) ho kon­tak­tu­je pros­tred­níc­tvom tre­tej oso­by ale­bo elek­tro­nic­kej ko­mu­ni­kač­nej služ­by, pí­som­ne ale­bo inak pro­ti je­ho vô­li,

d) zneu­ži­je je­ho osob­né úda­je na účel zís­ka­nia osob­né­ho ale­bo iné­ho kon­tak­tu, ale­bo

e) ho inak ob­me­dzu­je v je­ho ob­vyk­lom spô­so­be ži­vo­ta,

pot­res­tá sa od­ňa­tím slo­bo­dy až na je­den rok.

Ob­jek­tív­na strán­ka ci­to­va­né­ho tres­tné­ho či­nu spo­čí­va v dl­ho­do­bom pre­nas­le­do­va­ní, kto­ré je spô­so­bi­lé vzbu­diť u iné­ho dô­vod­nú oba­vu o je­ho ži­vot ale­bo zdra­vie, ži­vot ale­bo zdra­vie je­mu blíz­kej oso­by ale­bo pod­stat­ným spô­so­bom zhor­šiť kva­li­tu je­ho ži­vo­ta. Je tiež pot­reb­né poz­na­me­nať, že na trest­ný čin ne­bez­peč­né­ho pre­nas­le­do­va­nia pod­ľa § 360a Tres­tné­ho zá­ko­na sa vzťa­hu­je vý­nim­ka zo zá­sa­dy ofi­cia­li­ty up­ra­ve­ná v § 211 ods. 1 Tres­tné­ho po­riad­ku, kto­rá vy­ža­du­je súh­las od poš­ko­de­né­ho so za­ča­tím či pok­ra­čo­va­ním v tres­tnom stí­ha­ní.

Zdroj foto: Freepik

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