Sú tuky škodlivé?

PDoc. Ing. Jiří Brát, CSc. je autorom a spoluautorom rady vedeckých publikácií u nás aj v zahraničí. Prednáša na odborných konferenciách, ktoré sa týkajú chémie, technológie, ale také výživy a vlastností potravín.

jiri brat 1200x800

Predseda výboru pre zdravotnú a sociálnu politiku Potravinárskej komory a Českej technologickej platformy pre potraviny. Popri tom sa venuje poradenskej činnosti v obore technológie výroby potravín, systému akosti a výživy. 

V poslednej dobe sa stále viac hovorí o tom, že by sme sa nemali vyhýbať  zdravým tukom. Čo si však máme predstaviť pod pojmom ,, zdravé tuky“ a aký je rozdiel medzi zdravými a nezdravými tukmi?

Ja by som priamo nedelil tuky na zdravé a nezdravé. Ide o to ako vyzerá naša celková strava. V nej by mali prevažovať mononenasytené a polynenasýtené mastné kyseliny nad nasýtenými a transmastnými kyselinami. Realita pri ich konzumácií je však iná. Príjmame viac tukov s vyšším podielom nasýtených a transmastných kyselín, čo má negatívny vplyv na cievy systém, zvyšuje sa hladina cholesterolu v krvi a nadmerný príjem energie je hlavnou príčinou obezity. Prednosť by sme preto mali dávať olejom a tukom s priaznivým zložením mastných kyselín. Vhodný je napríklad repkový olej, ktorý má široké uplatnenie v kuchyni, nájdeme ho tiež v roztierateľných tukoch či majonéze.  

Ktoré potraviny obsahujú zdravé tuky?

Kvalitné tuky obsahujú rastlinné oleje a výrobky z nich – medzi ne patrí napríklad margarín a kvalitná majonéza. Ďalej ich nájdeme v rybom mäse, v avokáde, orieškoch, semienkach, v sóji a sézame.

Aký je rozdiel medzi nasýtenými a nenasýtenými tukmi?

Nasýtené tuky, respektíve nasýtené mastné kyseliny  nevadia, pokiaľ ich konzumujeme v rozumnej miere. Pri nadbytočnom príjme majú negatívny vplyv na náš cievny systém. Nemusíme mať obavu, že konzumujeme málo nasýtených mastných kyselín, keďže telo si ich v prípade nedostatku vie vytvoriť samo. Naopak nenasýtené mastné kyseliny sú pre telo veľmi  dôležité a mali by tvoriť 2/3 všetkých prijatých tukov, ktoré počas dňa skonzumujeme. Základné polynenasýtené mastné kyseliny sú esenciálne  a telo si je ich samo vytvoriť nevie.

Všetky oslavy sú pre mňa veľkou skúškou trpezlivosti. Neviem si ich predstaviť bez dobrého jedla a pitia a keď vidím plný stôl dobrôt, neudržím sa a zjem všetko v dosahu. Môže taký jeden ,,hrešenia“ ovplyvniť moje snahy o schudnutie?

Jeden deň malého hrešenia nie je vôbec problém. Naopak. V rámci pestrej a vyváženej stravy si jeden deň v týždni  môžete dopriať, na čo máte chuť. Má to jeden háčik, v týždennom priemere by mal byť vyvážený príjem a výdaj energie a taktiež doporučený príjem dôležitých živín. Cheat day  si do svojho stravovacieho plánu dávajú aj športovci, ktorí majú veľmi striktný jedálniček. Metabolizmus si dokáže jednorázovo s diétnym prehreškom poradiť. Podobné je to s osobami držiacimi redukčné diéty so zníženým príjmom energie. Redukčná diéta nemusí prebiehať každý deň. Určite sa v takom výnimočnom  prípade netrestajte a užite si oslavu naplno.    

tuky 1100x586

Akú rolu hrajú tuky v strave?

Tuky hrajú v našom jedálničku významnú rolu a nie je dôvod sa ich obávať. Dnes sa môžeme stretnúť dokonca s názormi, že jesť  viac tukov nevadí, a že je potrebné obmedzovať hlavne príjem cukru. Pravda je niekde v polovici. Diéty s nízkym príjmom tukov sa už neodporúčajú, na druhú stranu vysoký príjem tukov rozhodne prospešný nie je. Dôležité je vybrať si tie „správne“ tuky. Tuky s prevahou nenasýtených mastných kyselín, pomáhajú udržiavať normálnu hladinu cholesterolu. Ovplyvňujú zdravie vlasov, nechtov, kože a pomáhajú k navodeniu hormonálnej a emocionálnej rovnováhy. Príkladom vhodného tuku je napr. repkový olej. 

Aký pomer živín by mal byť zastúpený v každodennom jedálničku?

Neexistuje niečo, ako ideálny pomer prijatých sacharidov, tukov a bielkovín.  Každý je iný, a preto by mal byť aj jedálniček každého z nás individuálny. Všetko sa odvíja od vašej telesnej stavby, aktivity, zdravotného stavu a mnoho ďalších faktorov. Vo všeobecnosti by mali asi polovicu dennej prijatej stravy tvoriť sacharidy, 20% bielkoviny a 30 % kvalitné tuky. Medzi kvalitné tuky radíme tuky rastlinného pôvodu, ktoré nájdeme v kvalitných rastlinných olejoch a výrobkoch, ktoré tieto oleje obsahujú (margarín alebo majonéza), ale tiež v orieškoch, semienkach, a rybom mäse. 

Nedávno som sa stretla s pojmom ,, vitamíny rozpustné v tukoch“. Čo tento pojem presne znamená?

Vitamíny sa podľa svojej povahy delia na vitamíny rozpustné vo vode a vitamíny rozpustné v tukoch. Medzi vitamíny rozpustné vo vode radíme vitamíny B a C, medzi vitamíny rozpustné v tukoch zaraďujeme vitamíny A,D,E a K.  Vitamíny, rozpustné vo vode sú z tela ľahšie vylučované, preto je potrebné ich pravidelne konzumovať. Naopak vitamíny rozpustené v tukoch sa ukladajú do zásoby v tukovom tkanive a v pečeni. U vitamínov rozpustných v tukoch môže dôjsť jednoduchšie k predávkovaniu. Vitamíny rozpustné v tukoch sa nachádzajú v mäse, mliečnych výrobkoch, v rybách a rastlinných olejoch. Príjem týchto vitamínov je pre správne fungovanie organizmu nevyhnutný, pretože sa podieľajú na celej rade životne dôležitých funkcií v organizme. 

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    It is often at or close to the highest of the record of biceps train selections for beginners and superior trainees alike.
    It is equally effective for activating your biceps.1 Some
    people feel that the EZ bar is simpler on their wrists, and which one you
    choose is mostly a matter of preferences and luxury. To perceive why
    the record of one of the best biceps exercises looks like it does,
    you have to understand how the muscle itself capabilities.


    Strengthening your shoulders isn’t just about aesthetics either.

    Stronger shoulders will help enhance your type throughout
    different workout routines and also boost your PRs for compound lifts, as
    your muscles work in tandem. Likewise, discovering your perfect complement match will result in much
    more epic muscle progress and supercharged shoulder strength.
    By this level, your rear delts are in all probability feeling a
    bit ignored, so let’s get them working, too.
    Simply make certain to start out out at a lighter weight and maintain that sluggish and managed form.

    Watch the video above for tips on how to do cable raises, or observe the
    bullet points below if utilizing mild dumbbells.

    This means performing them one after the opposite, with no relaxation, for
    10 reps each.
    Whereas dumbbell lateral raises are a good way to construct main measurement on the center deltoid head,
    I additionally love to make use of machine lateral raises.
    If your gym is provided with this machine I highly encourage you to make use of it.
    Right Here, I’ve mapped out four weeks of shoulder training
    to point out how one can incorporate leaning dumbbell lateral raises into your program.
    Discover that I also included standard dumbbell lateral raises in these
    workouts. It's still an excellent exercise—just one which must be tweaked once in a while for optimum effectiveness.

    They additionally reported that the broader grip increased muscle exercise
    of the upper traps while reducing muscle exercise of the biceps.

    Just remember to devour sufficient protein for restoration (1.6-2g per KG of bodyweight), and sufficient calories to gasoline your shoulder exercises.
    Every exercise right here combines the best shoulder workout routines like presses and raises with simply enough depth and volume to build 3D delts.
    With a growth-focused method to vitamin and supplementation, these workouts will deliver serious dimension and stunning power features.
    This is dependent upon how many shoulder workouts you
    would possibly be doing per session. According to research,
    it is the complete weekly training quantity, rather than the workout frequency, that matters most for
    muscle growth [2]. One Other study discovered optimum training volume to sit down between 9-15 sets at 70-80% 1 rep max [3].

    With the primary of those workouts, you won’t have to worry about any of your three deltoid heads getting the shaft.
    You’ll begin with a normal overhead barbell press to advertise total shoulder mass throughout
    a number of heads—namely the center and
    entrance heads. The reps here (8) are on the low end of the hypertrophy vary (8-12), and relaxation intervals are
    considerably prolonged (two minutes), so go as heavy as you'll find a way to while nonetheless sustaining good
    type. A spotter is definitely inspired when doing any barbell press, each for
    safety and for serving to you get a pressured rep or two on your last couple units.

    On the final set of every machine train, do drop units until
    you drop all the way in which all the means down to the lightest plate on the machine.
    As A End Result Of of this, it’s important to know which one you might be using so you'll find a way to practice all three
    equally. Unbalanced shoulder development can affect your appearance, posture,
    and joint perform.
    And the more weight you should use, the extra overload you place on the rear delts,
    and that helps to create higher muscle growth in the rear
    delts and the center traps. Since this exercise
    hits both the rear delts and middle traps, I like to do it
    at the end of my delt work as a segue exercise between shoulders and traps.
    I normally follow this train with some form of shrugs,
    similar to dumbbell or barbell shrugs, or my one-arm, or hands-free Smith machine shrug.
    Plus, even strength development of all three deltoid heads might
    help to reduce the chance of shoulder injuries.
    So, whichever shoulder coaching plan you follow, make sure it really works all three heads equally.
    Keep In Mind, too, that the anterior head can be trained every time you work your chest, so you may
    not need to hit it once more in your shoulder workouts. Instead, focus extra on your medial and posterior deltoids, as they are more than likely to be underdeveloped.
    Efficient shoulder exercises mix heavy presses, isolation workouts, and compound movements.
    Beginning with heavy presses lays the inspiration for shoulder power, whereas isolation workouts target each deltoid head for complete development.

    With many shoulder accidents referring to the rotator cuff, it's important
    to incorporate shoulder workout routines that focus on these smaller muscle tissue to scale back
    the chance of harm. The front increase is an anterior deltoid isolation exercise, and you'll
    carry out it with a barbell, dumbbells, and even just a weight plate.
    Bent over flyes are excellent for dumbbell shoulder workouts
    concentrating on the rhomboid muscle tissue in your upper
    back and shoulder area. Your overhead pressing ought to improve dramatically, and you may reach a degree the place you are not embarrassed to thrust a bar overhead.
    In truth, you might sit up for it, understanding different lifters are actually enviously looking at your perfect form and heavy weights.
    The barbell is going to be used for your big, main workouts.

    It targets all three heads of the deltoid whereas also engaging the triceps and
    upper chest. If your workout routine doesn't have a proper warm-up routine, you are not reaching
    your potential. During exercises just like the bench press or shoulder press, the rotator cuff muscle tissue are heavily
    concerned in stabilizing the shoulder joint and assisting in the
    motion of the arms. The shoulder muscles are actively involved
    in several upper physique workout routines as major or accessory muscular tissues.
    Compound workout routines just like the bench press, overhead
    press, or clean all require sturdy shoulders to support the
    opposite muscles.
    While pretty controversial; this exercise is an incredible way to target the posterior deltoids as properly as the anterior deltoids together in a single seamless
    motion. This is a carry that requires good type for the best
    outcomes and to keep away from damage. Each Time working the shoulder
    space muscles, care must be taken to keep away from injuring the shoulders.
    You’ll additionally 3 completely different shoulder workouts
    (with only dumbbells) that you can do. One workout might be devoted
    to shoulders while the opposite 2 exercises might be coupled with different physique parts.
    While these are overhead presses, they are typically carried out with smaller weights with a give consideration to hypertrophy.

    In the case of pronated or impartial grip rear delt flyes
    or raises, the pronated grip will goal some muscle fibers within the rear delts that the neutral grip does not and vice versa.
    However, when many guys do wide-grip upright rows,
    it feels awkward and painful in the shoulder
    joint. To keep away from this, I suggest doing the Smith Machine One-Arm Upright Row.
    This motion places the overwhelming majority of the
    give consideration to the middle head of the deltoid and minimizes pain and harm danger in the shoulder.
    Another benefit of this exercise is that, as a outcome of you’re only
    utilizing one arm, you'll have the ability to isolate each deltoid to promote
    balanced growth. The functions of the anterior deltoid are
    flexion, horizontal flexion, and medial rotation of
    the shoulder joint.
    Add an extra dimension to your shoulder workouts with Fat
    Gripz. Right Here are a couple of items of
    substances that can assist make your shoulder exercises much more productive.
    Because shoulder press machine designs differ, be positive to observe the manufacturer’s instructions or these of the fitness center employees
    as not doing so might end in harm.
    Utilizing each arms to move the identical implement
    is more stable and lets you push the large weight. Ideally, use
    the barbell for exercises such as the push press and overhead barbell press.
    Before we go any further, let's evaluation the shoulder muscle anatomy and
    its features. The shoulder muscular tissues are technically generally recognized
    as the deltoids, and there are three deltoid heads. The deltoid heads work in unison but
    every also has its personal unbiased features.
    But, there are numerous different superior dumbbell shoulder workouts out there.
    The stability one arm bent-over rear delt increase (aka reverse fly) is a good rear
    delt exercise, in addition to hitting the muscular tissues of
    the upper again. As A End Result Of your pressing in a number of planes of motion this can goal extra deltoid muscle fibers.
    And when carried out for larger reps it's an absolute
    shoulder burner. Its distinctive set-up may help you construct bullet-proof stability in your whole shoulder
    joint, higher joint and even your thoracic backbone.
    The shoulder is a shallow ball and socket joint that can move in multiple directions and requires plenty of muscular tissues and mobility to make
    this all occur. This is why it’s necessary to strengthen the deltoids from
    all angles for higher shoulder stability.
    However, with out energy being generated from the highly effective glutes
    and quads (as in a push press) the hundreds used for overhead press will be lighter.
    The shoulder muscle, or deltoid, consists of three heads, the rotator cuff
    muscular tissues and the trapezius. To maximize your shoulders, you need
    to hit every part of them. Unfortunately, there is not an train that equally
    hits all three heads, so you want completely different exercises.
    The trapezius can be heavily concerned, as it helps to stabilize the shoulders.
    Secondary activated muscular tissues embody the anterior
    deltoids, biceps, brachialis, and forearm muscular
    tissues.
    The overhead press is among the most well-known shoulder workout routines.
    It entails urgent a barbell or some dumbbells overhead from standing.

    These heads work collectively, but it’s also attainable to emphasize each with particular movements and workout routines.
    White recommends entrance raises for anyone those that have gone via the
    routine and really feel short-changed in the entrance. 'It’s
    unlikely that your anterior delts want further work, so spend
    extra time on your lateral and posterior deltoids.

    If that’s too exhausting, simply perform a pushup on a really steep
    incline. If it’s not challenging sufficient to stay within the 8–10
    rep range, attempt a handstand pushup towards
    the wall. Dumbbells are a great way to carry out
    this exercise in conjunction with the barbell variant as they permit for
    a slightly extra comfortable hold. Integrating, squeezing and feeling
    the lats is something that many gym-goers struggle with intensely.
    Extensive grip chins are actually top-of-the-line methods to create the big width you’re on the lookout for; in reality, any again exercise that
    targets the outer head of your lats is.
    Face pulls are wonderful for targeting the rear deltoids and improving posture.
    Named after Arnold Schwarzenegger, this train is a variation of the overhead press that targets all three heads of the deltoid.
    Lateral raises are the final word exercise for building the lateral deltoids, which are
    essential for creating that wide-shouldered look.
    It assists in actions such as lifting an object instantly in front of you or swinging your arm forward
    throughout a run. Implement the methods and workout routines instructed on this information, and
    you’ll be amazed on the speedy progress in the growth of your deltoid muscular tissues.
    For those guys who are just beginning out or don’t have
    entry to a full health club, these body weight workouts are for you.

    If you’re in search of more great workouts to add
    to your dumbbell deltoid workouts, you'll have the ability to try my article on Finest Dumbbell Workouts for Shoulders to see more examples.

    Let’s say you don’t have access to a cable machine, resistance bands, or a barbell, but you might have plenty of dumbbells.

    Focus on targeting all three heads of the deltoids and you’ll see better power, shape,
    and type. What’s more, robust deltoids also reduce the chance of strain and
    potential shoulder injury, selling long-term health and functional talents.

    By incorporating exercises targeting the entire deltoid into your health routine,
    you'll find a way to cut back discomfort and fatigue whereas
    selling upright and healthier posture. Some of the best rear delt exercises embody the Seated Rear Delt Row and the Abduction Row.
    For more rear delt workout routines, check out my article on Greatest Rear
    Delt Exercises. The lateral deltoids, or side deltoids, are the muscle fibers you need to give consideration to if you wish to have that ‘broad shoulders’
    look.
    If you wish to skip the short anatomy lesson and get
    proper to instructions for performing each train, hold scrolling.
    Furthermore, you will need to allow for adequate rest between sets, sometimes seconds.
    It helps to develop larger, more balanced, and more healthy
    shoulders.

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    Post-Cycle Therapy: What Is It? How Should It Be Done Correctly?




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    ## Consequences of Low and High Dose of HCG

    Low doses may fail to stimulate sufficient hormone production, while high doses can lead to side effects like gynecomastia.
    Striking the right balance is essential for effective PCT.


    ## Timings of Post-Cycle Therapy

    PCT should be initiated within a week of ending the steroid cycle
    to maximize effectiveness. HCG is often administered as early as possible to kickstart
    recovery.

    ## PCT Duration

    The typical duration of PCT is 4-6 weeks, but this can vary
    depending on individual response and the intensity of
    the steroids used.

    ## PCT for Females

    Female athletes may require a different approach, often starting with milder supplements like Clomid before
    moving to stronger options such as Nolvadex or DHEA.



    ## How Will You Know If Your Body Needs a PCT?


    Signs include suppressed hormone levels indicated by blood tests.
    Monitoring these levels is crucial for determining the necessity and duration of PCT.


    ## Does SARMS require a PCT?

    Yes, similar to steroids, SARMS can suppress natural hormone production, necessitating PCT to
    restore balance.

    ## PCT Pros and Cons

    Pros include recovery of muscle gains and hormonal health, while cons may involve side
    effects and the need for precise adherence.


    ## Reference

    Including references from authoritative sources adds credibility.

    Some examples are studies or guides on PCT practices.


    ## The Life Story of Phil Hernon

    Phil Hernon's journey in bodybuilding highlights the importance of
    PCT. His story illustrates how effective recovery can lead to continued
    success in the sport.

    ## RIP Shaun Davis

    Shaun Davis's contributions to the bodybuilding community are remembered, emphasizing the community's role in sharing knowledge
    and experiences.

    ## Methyltrienolone Steroid Usage, Dosage, Benefits, Side Effects and
    Other Relevant Details

    Methyltrienolone is a powerful steroid with specific dosage guidelines to prevent side effects
    like gynecomastia. Proper use is crucial for its benefits.


    ## MOTS-C Peptide: A Guide to Usage, Benefits, and Dosage

    MOTS-C peptide offers benefits in muscle recovery and fat loss,
    with recommended dosages varying based on individual
    goals.

    ## S-23 SARM Guide: Complete Profile, Uses, Dosage,
    Benefits, and Side-effects

    S-23 is a SARMS useful for cutting cycles, with specific dosage protocols to maximize effectiveness and minimize side effects.



    ## The Great Amino Acids

    Amino acids like BCAAs are vital for muscle repair and recovery, supporting overall wellness during PCT.



    In conclusion, Post-Cycle Therapy is a critical phase following steroid use, aimed at restoring hormonal balance.
    Success depends on several factors, including supplement choice, proper dosage,
    and individualized timing. Understanding these elements ensures
    that athletes can effectively recover and maintain their
    gains.

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