Väčšina Slovákov pristupuje k liečbe hnačky nesprávne

Napísal Timea Ilavská 17. júl 2024

Hnačka je v mnohých ohľadoch podceňovaným zdravotným problémom. Akútna hnačka pritom patrí medzi jedno z najčastejších ochorení detí a dospelých, kvôli ktorému vyhľadajú lekárske ošetrenie. Poznáte správny postup pri jej liečbe?

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Akútna hnačka zvyčajne vzniká pri plnom zdraví a zvykne odznieť v rozmedzí 3 – 6 dní. Za hnačku sa z medicínskeho hľadiska považuje stav, kedy dochádza k náhlej zmene frekvencie a konzistencie stolice – teda k častému vyprázdňovaniu riedkej stolice. Častou stolicou sa pritom myslí vyprázdňovanie stolice so zmenenou konzistenciou viac 3-krát denne. To neplatí u veľmi malých detí, ktoré môžu mať stolicu aj 5- až 6-krát denne. Podozrenie na hnačku u veľmi malých detí vzniká v prípade, ak je stolica častejšia a redšia ako obvykle.

V období, kedy sa dobrovoľne vzdávame komfortu svojich domácností a vydávame sa na cesty, stanovačky, splavy či výlety do exotických destinácií, dokáže hnačka značne skomplikovať vychutnávanie si voľných chvíľ – a žiaľ, nie je to len tým, že si vyžaduje časté návštevy toalety. Hľadáme rýchle riešenie, prioritou je znížiť frekvenciu stolice a neváhame na to použiť aj prostriedky, ktoré so správnou liečbou hnačky nemajú nič spoločné. Nakoniec, internet je plný „kreatívnych“ rád na zastavenie hnačky, ktoré môžu napáchať viac škôd ako účinku. 

Čo všetko v organizme spôsobí hnačka?

Hnačka vzniká v dôsledku poruchy niektorej zo základných funkcií tráviaceho traktu (motility, sekrécie, resorbcie a digescie) alebo ich kombinácie, čo vedie k nerovnováhe medzi vylučovaním a vstrebávaním iónov. Pre hnačku je charakteristická aj strata väčšieho množstva tekutín a elektrolytov (sodík, draslík, vápnik, horčík, fosfor), čo pomerne rýchlo vedie k dehydratácii. Dehydratácia však nie je stavom, ktorý vyriešite pohárom vody. Dôležité je aj zloženie toho, čo vypijete. Pri hnačke je nesmierne dôležité dopĺňať práve elektrolyty, ktoré sa z tela vylúčia. Ich nedostatok ohrozuje fungovanie organizmu až na bunkovej úrovni. Majú totiž za úlohu udržiavať správny objem vody v bunkách, čo zabezpečuje ich optimálne fungovanie.

Ako sa prejavuje dehydratácia?

Dehydratácia sa prejavuje zvýšenou spavosťou, malátnosťou, letargiou, apatiou – vážnejšie stavy vedú až k poruchám vedomia, dezorientácii, závratu, mdlobám a kolapsu. Týmto stavom je nutné predchádzať účinnou a cielenou liečbou hnačky. Podľa usmernení WHO (World Health Organization) a ESPGHAN (The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition) je pri hnačke ťažiskové zabezpečiť v prvom rade rehydratáciu organizmu. Je to dokonca dôležitejšie, ako snažiť sa o zníženie frekvencie vyprázdňovania stolice. K dehydratácii totiž dochádza bez ohľadu na to, či ide o infekčnú (vírusovú alebo bakteriálnu) alebo neinfekčnú hnačku (vyvolanú zápalom, stavmi sprevádzajúcimi iné ochorenia, niektorými liekmi, ale aj stresom a psychickými poruchami).

Komplexná rehydratácia a liečba hnačky v jednom vrecúšku

Mechanizmus účinku voľnopredajných liekov na liečbu akútnej alebo chronickej hnačky sa líši. Ak chcete pri liečbe hnačky doma alebo na cestách postupovať správne, siahnite po prípravku, ktorý pôsobí preventívne proti dehydratácii, absorbuje patogény a toxíny a zároveň posilňuje črevnú slizničnú bariéru.

Zdravotnícka pomôcka schválená Štátnym ústavom pre kontrolu liečiv – Diosmolyte® je vďaka obsahu elektrolytov účinnou prevenciou dehydratácie a stavov s ňou spojených. Schopnosťou absorbovať patogény a toxíny zabezpečí zastavenie ich množenia v tráviacom trakte vďaka účinnej látke diosmektit  a postará sa o ich bezpečné vylúčenie z organizmu a zníženie frekvencie stolice – nie však tým, že by spomalila peristaltiku, čo môže byť nebezpečné obzvlášť u detí. Sliznica tráviaceho traktu býva hnačkou podráždená a oslabená – Diosmolyte® vďaka svojmu zloženiu zabezpečí jej rýchlejšiu regeneráciu. V dôsledku toho nedochádza k ďalším stratám vody a elektrolytov. Aktívnymi zložkami prípravku Diosmolyte® je diosmektit (3 g) a elektrolyty. Prípravok sa podáva rozpustený len v 100 ml vody. U detí od 2 rokov sa spravidla podávajú 4 vrecúška denne, u dospelých 6 vrecúšok. Prípravok má vanilkovú príchuť, neobsahuje lepok a preukázateľne znižuje čas trvania vodnatej hnačky o 43 % a redukuje objem stolice o 50 %.** 

pr_dismolyte

Majte vždy poruke účinnú zdravotnícku pomôcku, ktorá svojím zložením v jednom vrecúšku spája všetky kroky potrebné na správnu a efektívnu úľavu od hnačky.

Diosmolyte® je zdravotnícka pomôcka. Prečítajte si návod na použitie.

**Dupon Ch et al: Oral Diosmectite Reduces Stool Output and Diarrhea Duration in Children With Acute Diarhhea. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009, 7: 456 – 462

 

 

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