Neglect syndróm: Keď je pravá polovica sveta o 100% jasnejšia.

Napísal Kristína Chudá 12. september 2023

Telo je jedna veľká záhada a to nehovoriac o mozgu. Stačí, ak sa vaše zlato, je jedno či má tri roky a či sedemnásť, poriadne udrie do hlavy, môže to viesť k rôznym chorobám, poruchám, bizarným zážitkom. Stačí malá zmena v mozgu a môže sa obrátiť naruby celý život.

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Počuli ste už niekedy o neglect syndróme? Čo to je? Dá sa to liečiť? Je to životu nebezpečné?

Allan Burges je 64-ročný manžel, otec, dedo. Piateho novembra v roku 2007 utrpel porážku a následky? Nevníma ľudí, predmety ani zvuky na ľavej strane. Takže ak stojí manželka či vnúča po jeho ľavej strane, nevidí ich! Nie že by nechcel, no jeho mozog vyhodnocuje svet len na pravej polovici. Tvrdí, že táto porucha pre neho vytvorila dva svety. „Hovorím, že sú to dva rôzne svety,“ hovorí Burgess. „Môj starý svet sa skončil 5. novembra 2007 a nový svet začal v ten istý deň.“ Živil sa ako šofér, čo musel kvôli neglectu samozrejme zanechať.

„Ignorancia ľavej strany sveta sa zvyčajne vyskytuje po mŕtvici,“ hovorí Dr. Paresh Malhotra , odborný asistent v neurológii na Imperial College London. „Nie je to slepota a nie je to ani poškodenie primárnej senzorickej kôry, je to proces ignorovania.“

Allan sa momentálne venuje maľovaniu, ktoré sa stalo podstatnou súčasťou jeho života. Napriek tomu, že aj jeho schopnosť maľovať je ovplyvnená poruchou, čerpá z umenia potešenie. Ďalšou nevýhodou tejto poruchy je, že Allan nemôže ísť von sám, pretože sa drží len na pravej strane chodníka, do všetkého vráža a nevšimne si žiadne nebezpečie prichádzajúce z ľavej strany. Ľahko by preto mohol prísť k úrazu.

O aký syndróm ide?

Ide o tzv. spatial neglect syndrome, alebo len skrátene neglect syndróm. Je to porucha, ktorá vzniká najčastejšie ako následok porážky, mozgových lézií a iných poranení mozgu. V mnohých prípadoch vzniká neglect pri poranení pravej hemisféry mozgu a vaše zlato má narušené videnie na opačnej, ľavej strane, napriek tomu, že jeho oči sú v poriadku. Pacient sa správa ako keby svet na ľavej strane vôbec neexistoval, napriek tomu, že fyzicky je schopný otočiť sa vľavo a pozrieť sa. Často sa stáva, že človek si svoju chorobu neuvedomuje. Pacient nemá pocit, že by mu niečo chýbalo, preto sa ani nesťažuje a nič vľavo nevyhľadáva a nevníma to ako problém. V extrémnych prípadoch sa dokonca stáva, že ak má pacient s neglectom pred sebou tanier s jedlom, zje len jeho polovicu.

Ignorancia polovice sveta sa netýka len okolitých podnetov, ale aj ich vlastného tela. Napríklad ak trpí neglectom žena a používa make-up, namaľuje si len pravú polovicu tváre. Tak isto chlap si oholí len pravú časť tváre, kým ľavú odignoruje, ako keby ani neexistovala. Problém môžu mať tiež s pohybovaním sa v priestore, konkrétne s narážaním do predmetov, napríklad do dverí nachádzajúcich sa vľavo.

Malhotra hovorí, že ľudia s neglectom si uvedomujú, že niečo nie je v poriadku, keď sa na nich stále a znova poukazuje. „Tak si myslím, že vedia, že na ľavej strane je nejaký problém, no používajú stratégie na to, aby sa problém pokúsili prekonať, bez toho, aby problém riešili.“

Jeho najnovšia práca sa zamerala na to, ako môžu pacienti neglect odstrániť. V experimente požiadal pacientov, aby zakrúžkovali obrázky s mincami a s gombíkmi na kúsku papiera pokrytého množstvom iných podobných symbolov. Pri prvom pokuse pacienti nepochodili veľmi dobre. Keď sa vrátili na druhú skúšku, povedali im, že dostanú libru za každú mincu, ktorú zakrúžkujú.

Ich výkon sa následne zlepšil. Zistilo sa, že motivácia by sa mohla použiť pri rehabilitácii pacientov s mozgovou príhodou.

S dlhodobým tréningom mozgu môže pacient svoje schopnosti do istej miery zlepšiť.

Zdroj foto: Freepik


https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2012/nov/23/man-brain-ignores-half-world

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/09/hemispatial-neglect/500000/

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