Alergie sa hlásia o slovo. Viete, kto môže dostať alergiu?

Jar už sa s plnou silou ohlásila, priniesla zatiaľ len zopár slnečných lúčov, ale vďaka tomuto poštekleniu sme sa začali prebúdzať zo zimného spánku aj my. A nielen my! Spoza okna vykúkajú prvé jarné dni a s tým prichádzajú viaceré výzvy pre náš zdravotný stav.

freepik_test_alergie_22

Zdroj foto: Freepik

Práve jarné alergie patria do užšieho zoznamu najrozšírenejších alergických ochorení, aké sa u nás vyskytujú. Jar je typická prebúdzaním života rastlín, produkciou peľu. Slniečko nás zohrieva, pomaličky sa začneme pripravovať na postupné odhaľovanie našich kriviek. Ak však máme plný nos, z ktorého stále niečo kvapká, na radosti nám to rozhodne nepridá. Venujeme sa športu, diétam, neustále sa učíme a zlepšujeme. Chceme byť atraktívni, mlado vyzerajúci, štíhli...ale hlavne zdraví a bez rôznych alergií.

Kto môže dostať alergiu?

Alergie sú viacpočetné, niektoré  poznáme, iné však nie sú celkom jasné. Vedci sa zhodujú, že alergia je geneticky podmienená – to značí, že každý alergik má vrodenú náchylnosť k vývoju alergie. Ochorenie sa však väčšinou prejaví až pod vplyvom vonkajšieho prostredia. To značí, že u niektorých ľudí s geneticky danou náchylnosťou k alergiám sa alergia vôbec nemusí prejaviť ani počas celého života. Neplatí, že alergia musí sprevádzať pacienta už od detstva, stretávame sa s prvými príznakmi alergie v akomkoľvek veku.  Nepríjemné však je, že už raz vzniknutá alergia je trvalým ochorením. Na vzniku alergie sa do veľkej miery podieľa genetika, kedy hovoríme o tzv. atopii – dedične podmienený sklon k tomu, aby sa človek stal alergikom. Napriek tomu, aj zdraví rodičia môžu mať alergické dieťa.

Čo to vlastne alergia je?

Alergia je obranná nadmerná reakcia imunitného systému nášho organizmu na látky z vonkajšieho prostredia, kedy dochádza k tvorbe protilátok, ktorých úlohou je tieto látky zneškodňiť. Tieto cudzie látky, spúšťače alergickej reakcie, nazývame alergény. Alergény sa do organizmu dostávajú dýchacími cestami, kožou, sliznicami, tráviacim traktom alebo liekmi. Sú pre zdravého človeka neškodné, ale ak s nimi príde do styku „citlivá“ osoba, organizmus reaguje vyplavením zvýšeného množstva histamínu, ktorý je zodpovedný za prejavy alergie.

Druhy alergií

O alergiách a ich príznakoch by sme mohli písať hodiny, preto sme sa zamerali predovšetkým tú jarnú, peľovú. Medzi najčastejšie alergény patria látky vo vzduchu. Hovorí sa im aj respiračné alergény. Ťažko sa s nimi bojuje, pretože sa im nedá prakticky vyhnúť.  

Medzi najčastejšie alergie patria:

-        peľové,

-        alergie na potraviny,

-        na prach a plesne,

-        na srsť zvierat a roztoče,

-        na bodnutie hmyzom,

-        na lieky.

Jarná otrava

Ten, kto sa niekedy v živote stretol s alergiou potvrdí, že to nie je nič príjemné. S príchodom jari prídu typické prejavy, ktoré u niektorých jedincov trvajú až do neskorej jesene. Vo všeobecnosti platí informácia, že na nejakú formu alergie u nás trpia viac ako dva milióny ľudí. Prejavujú sa rôznymi problémami, napríklad po kontakte so zvieratami, pobytom vonku, po požití liekov alebo jedál. Prichádzajúca jar je pre mnohých z nás začiatkom tohto trápenia.  Často ide o bežné vdýchnutie inhalačného alergénu, ktoré sa môže prejaviť pocitom plného nosa, smrkaním či kýchaním. Alergie respiračného systému sa môžu prejaviť kašľom, tlakom na hrudníku či pískaním pri dýchaní. Príznaky sa môžu u každého človeka líšiť. Niekto sa môže trápiť so silnou vodnatou nádchou, iný s pálením očí a tlakom v dutinách. Niekedy príznaky nastupujú až trošku oneskorene, napríklad po návrate z prechádzky z vonku domov. Niekedy môže alergia vyzerať len ako typická nádcha alebo chrípka. Prejavy sú však dlhodobé, na rozdiel od klasických respiračných ochorení. Keď raz alergia prepukne, opakuje sa každoročne.  Vždy záleží od počasia v čase kvitnutia. Peľová sezóna sa po tuhej zime o nejaký čas oneskorí a po miernej zime začne skôr. Peľová sezóna trvá s výnimkou zimných mesiacov takmer celý rok. Tak, ako sa mení príroda, menia sa aj prevažujúce alergény. Medzi komplikácie peľovej alergie patrí aj alergická astma, netreba podceňovať žiadne prejavy tela. Sledujme svoje telo, to je základ pri predchádzaní rôznych ochorení.

Potravinová alergia

Potravinovú alergiu a potravinovú intoleranciu si laici často zamieňajú. Ide však o dva rozdielne zdravotné problémy. Potravinová alergia je reakcia imunitného systému na niektorú zo zložiek potravy, najčastejšie bielkovinovú. Na rozdiel od potravinovej intolerancie, môže byť nebezpečná, dokonca život ohrozujúca. Potravinová intolerancia nás neohrozuje na živote, aj keď ho vie poriadne znepríjemniť. Potravinové alergény stvoria širokú skupinu látok spôsobujúcich nežiaduce reakcie organizmu pri ich konzumácií. Významným potravinovým alergénom je napríklad vajce, mlieko, pšeničná múka, orechy, sója, ryby a rôzne druhy ovocia. Alergici môžu mať rôznu citlivosť na potravinové alergény. Niektorí reagujú už na mikrogramové množstvo alergénov v potravinách s hrozbou anafylaktickej reakcie, iní zase dané množstvá tolerujú a reagujú až na väčšie množstvo alergénu v potravine. Uvádza sa, že takmer polovica osôb s alergiou na peľ trpí aj potravinovou alergiou. Prejavuje sa pálením a svrbením pier, podnebia a krku počas jedenia. Často ide o jahody, paradajky, papriku, slivky, broskyne a jablká. Ak sa peľová alergia nelieči včas, môže sa rozšíriť na ďalšie potenciálne alergény, ako sú napríklad plesne, prach a roztoče. V každom prípade Vám odporúčame, aby ste sa zásobili vitamínmi A, C, ale aj voľne dostupnými liekmi proti alergii.

Odporúčanie: očistením alebo uvarením ovocia, môžete zmierniť nežiaduce účinky alebo sa úplne vyhnúť alergickej reakcii. Nikdy nemixujte alkohol a lieky proti alergii. Na pitný režim však rozhodne nezabúdajte. Tekutiny sú pre telo nesmierne dôležité. Vždy majte so sebou minimálne fľašu s vodou. Neurobíte zle, ani keď si zabezpečíte napríklad nápoj s príchuťou exotického ovocia Prodietix.

bylinky_0423

Neodkladajte to!

Ak máte podozrenie, že sa vás táto téma priamo bytostne dotýka, neváhajte a zbehnite za lekárom. Určite je to lepšie, ako len čakať niekde zatvorený doma na to, kým jar nezatvorí svoje dvere e neprenechá žezlo letu. Základom diagnostického postupu je alergénový kožný test. Vykonáva sa na predlaktí pacienta s podozrením na určitú formu alergie. Na kožu sú aplikované zriedené rôzne alergény vo forme kvapiek. Pokožka sa v oblasti alergénovej kvapky mierne podráždi. Následne je vyhodnotená individuálna kožná reakcia pre každý jeden alergén zvlášť.

Počuli ste, že prehnaná sterilita podporuje rozvoj alergií? Veľa rodičov je presvedčených o tom, že ak svojmu dieťaťu vytvoria sterilné domáce prostredie, dieťa bude zdravé. Viete ale aj to, čo hovorievali naše staré mamy? Troška zababrania nikomu neublíži.

www.prodietix.sk

1 Komentár

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