Prírodné či umelé?

Hovoríme o vitamínoch a pýtame sa, ktoré z nich sú zdraviu prospešné. Jednoduchá otázka, ale zložitá odpoveď, pretože na jednoznačnom názore sa nezhodnú ani najväčší svetoví odborníci.

vitamini20

Ľudský organizmus si nedokáže vyrobiť trinásť chemických zlúčenín, ktoré sú pre jeho fungovanie úplne nevyhnutné. Pri nedostatku vitamínov náš organizmus postupne začne degenerovať a v hraničnom prípade dochádza k smrti. Rovnako nadmerný prebytok vitamínov v tele neprospieva.

Úloha vitamínov

Určitá skupina vitamínov pomáha pri regulácii metabolizmu, upravujú trávenie; určité vitamíny z inej skupiny fungujú ako antioxidanty a pomáhajú chrániť bunky pred poškodením a starnutím. Platí, že nízka hladina či absencia jedného z nich  môže vyvolať závažné zdravotné komplikácie.

Príklad: Vitamín C zohráva dôležitú úlohu pri tvorbe kolagénu v kostiach a chrupavkách a napomáha v raste ciev a svalov. Ak dostatočné množstvo chýba, objavuje sa krvácanie ďasien a lôžok nechtov, zníži sa imunita a tvorba krvi.

Predávkovanie vitamínmi

Ide o veľmi výnimočné prípady, kedy by ste museli prijať 1000 násobné dávky (napríklad vitamín E), než sú odporúčané. Pozor si treba dať na vitamín A, pretože jeho množstvo začína poškodzovať telo už v 3x vyššej dávke než je odporúčaná. Ak sa vám podarí napríklad  céčkom a béčkom, netreba zúfať, rozpúšťajú sa vo vode a po krátkom čase sa prefiltrujú cez obličky a nakoniec ich vymočíte. Pozor na vitamíny A,D,EK, ktoré  sa usadzujú a hromadia v tukoch, ale museli by ste sa predávkovať obrovskými dávkami po dlhšiu dobu. 

Vitamíny A ( doporučené množstvo 900 mikrogramov)

Vitamín B9 – poškodzuje nervový systém

Vitamín C ( doporučené množstvo 90 mg): brušné kŕče a hnačky

Vitamíny D ( doporučené množstvo 10 mikrogramov): zasahujú obličky a srdce (arytmia)

Vitamín E  ( doporučené množstvo 15 mg)

Vitamíny K ( doporučené množstvo 120 mikrogramov)

Vitamíny syntetické, „prírodné“ a naturálne

Je vôbec rozdiel medzi nimi? Najskôr si načrtnime ako vznikajú, skôr než si ich kúpime. Molekula syntetického vitamínu sa skladá z umelých látok, ktoré pôvodné vlastnosti vitamínov nemajú. Napríklad umelý vitamín C sa pretvára na kyselinu askorbovú z ryžového alebo kukuričného škrobu, následne ich zlúčia s niektorými minerálmi na zníženie kyslosti,  aby sa céčko do tela vstrebalo.

„Prírodné“ vitamíny sa extrahujú z rastlinných (E) alebo rybacích (D) olejov tak, že sa ich molekuly izolujú a spevnia niektorým nosičom (minerál, kaolín).

Naturálne vitamíny z prírody získate, ak väčšiu časť stravy tvorí zelenina a ovocie. Potom sa vám nemôže stať, že by ste trpeli nedostatkom dôležitých vitamínov. Prírodný vitamín C z ovocia je chemicky zviazaný s prírodnými látkami - flavonoidmi , ktoré plnia v metabolizme rastlín mnoho funkcií. V ľudskom organizme lepšie vstrebávajú vitamíny, pri céčku až na 30 percent.

Plusy a mínusy

Doplňovať, či nedoplňovať umelo vitamíny je otázka, na ktorú nie je jednoznačná odpoveď. Ak by sme žili v ideálnom svete, zdravo sa stravovali a bývali v krajine, v ktorej sme sa narodili, možno by sme túto otázku nemuseli riešiť a mali by sme jednoduchú odpoveď. Situácia je však iná a sú prípady, kedy príroda nedokáže poskytnúť konkrétny vitamín, ktorý telo potrebuje.

Mínusy

Vegáni svojou prísnou diétou sú ochudobnení o zdroj dôležitého vitamínu B12, ktorý sa nachádza v mliečnych výrobkoch a vajciach.

Ľudia tmavej pleti žijúci v oblastiach s nízkym množstvom slnečného svitu, vyžadujú dlhšiu expozíciu slnečných lúčov než pokožka svetlá, aby začala produkovať vitamín D.

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