Mýty o užívaní liekov na zníženie koncentrácie cholesterolu

Napísal Prof. MUDr. Michal Vrablík, Ph.D. 16. máj 2019

Užívanie liečiv na zníženie koncentrácie cholesterolu a ďalších tukov v krvi (predovšetkým tzv. statínov) patrí medzi základné opatrenia pri prevencii infarktu myokardu, cievnej mozgovej príhody a ďalších ochorení zapríčinených aterosklerózou.

tabletky lieky1200x800

V Slovenskej republike tieto lieky užíva viac ako milión pacientov, takže priamu alebo sprostredkovanú skúsenosť s nimi má takmer každý. V nasledujúcom texte sa pozrieme na niektoré „obľúbené“ omyly, ktoré sa udávajú v súvislosti s liekmi na znižovanie koncentrácie cholesterolu.

Koncentrácia cholesterolu po liekoch klesla, a preto ich môžem vysadiť

To celkom iste nie je pravda. Vysoká koncentrácia cholesterolu sa dá liečiť, ale nie celkom vyliečiť, pretože si pre ňu väčšinou nesieme genetickú (vrodenú) vlohu. Lieky fungujú len v prípade, že sú prítomné v organizme. Po prerušení liečby sa koncentrá- cie cholesterolu vracajú späť v priebehu niekoľkých dní. Preto treba lieky užívať trvalo.

Keď užívam statíny, nemusím dodržiavať zásady diéty

Ďalší obľúbený omyl. Diétne opatrenia pomáhajú nielen znižovať koncentráciu choles- terolu, ale upravujú aj ďalšie rizikové faktory aterosklerózy. Ich účinok sa vždy počíta a je prídavný k účinku liekov. Takže aj pre pacienta, ktorému lekár predpisuje tablety, má dodržiavanie diétnych a ďalších opatrení v oblasti životného štýlu zásadný význam.

Bojím sa vysokej dávky statínov

Obavy rozhodne nie sú na mieste. Dnes vieme, že vyššia dávka statínov chráni svoj- ho užívateľa účinnejšie ako dávka nižšia. Navyše väčšina (vzácnych) nežiaducich účinkov nemá priamu väzbu na dávku podávaného lieku a ich početnosť pri vyšších dávkach statínov nestúpa. Ak znášate dobre počiatočné dávky liekov, potom sa zvy- šovania dávky netreba obávať. Navyše, keď sa nežiaduci účinok po zvýšení dávky objaví, dá sa vrátiť k dávke pôvodnej alebo situáciu riešiť iným spôsobom.

Ak budem užívať statín dlhodobo, môže dôjsť k nepredvídaným nežiaducim účinkom

Skutočne chceme, aby statíny boli užívané dlhodobo; keď sa pre ne rozhodneme, ide o „doživotné“ rozhodnutie. Nie je však pravda, že by dlhší čas užívania prinášal riziká, súvisiace s dĺžkou liečby. Statíny používame viac ako 30 rokov a naďalej prebieha sledovanie ich bezpečnosti. Nemáme žiadne signály, že by dlhodobé užívanie statínov malo akékoľvek iné nežiaduce účinky ako tie, ktoré vzácne vznikajú pri krátkodobom užívaní.

Statíny sú nebezpečné

Zásadný omyl, bohužiaľ opakovaný v poslednom čase častejšie ako pravdy o priaz- nivých účinkoch týchto liekov. Statíny patria medzi vôbec najpreskúmanejšie liečivá a je pravdou, že ako všetky účinné liečivá majú aj nežiaduce účinky. Ich výskyt je však nízky a postihuje maximálne desatinu liečených. Väčšina z týchto nežiaducich účinkov je navyše plne vratných; v prípade, že sa objavia, vyriešime ich úpravou liečby. Hod- notenie bezpečnosti liečby patrí k bežnej praxi v rámci sledovania pacientov liečených statínmi, čo ďalej obmedzuje (veľmi nízke) riziko spojené s terapiou. Súhrnne statíny patria medzi najbezpečnejšie lieky a obavy nie sú na mieste.

41 komentárov

  • Komentár https://loiswall90339.remainblog.Com/5-best-steroids-for-mass-anabolism-vs-toxicity/ %PM, %14 %964 %2025 %22:%mar napísal https://loiswall90339.remainblog.Com/5-best-steroids-for-mass-anabolism-vs-toxicity/

    In this approach, in the future is devoted to pushing exercises (chest, shoulders, triceps), one other to
    pulling exercises (back, biceps), and a 3rd to legs. This
    allows for intense coaching with adequate recovery for
    each muscle group. When planning your 3-day cut up, give attention to workout routines that work
    many muscular tissues at once. The most controversial of the bunch, the "Bro" exercise split has you in the fitness
    center five days every week, every day focusing on one muscle group.
    Normally, the 5 days embody at some point of chest, one of back, considered one of arms, one of
    legs, and certainly one of shoulders. You'll hammer these muscle groups, and get virtually a full week to relaxation and get
    well earlier than seeing that muscle group once more.

    Working biceps and triceps in the same session is an effective way to obtain balanced arm
    improvement. For occasion, squats engage the
    quads, hamstrings, and glutes, whereas shoulder presses primarily
    goal the deltoids. By alternating these workout routines, you
    maintain intensity without having long relaxation intervals.
    Constantly coaching each side of a movement
    ensures that no single muscle group turns into disproportionately stronger, which helps cut back the chance of damage.
    Training opposing muscle groups, corresponding to chest
    and again or biceps and triceps, offers a quantity of advantages.
    By understanding the vital thing rules behind muscle group pairings, you can create balanced,
    efficient, and impactful exercise routines.
    We can’t give you an exact length of time for every workout for a
    5 day break up because it is dependent upon your training
    objectives, your schedule, the muscle groups you
    are focusing on, and your health degree. Nonetheless, generally talking,
    your exercises ought to final now not than 60 minutes (including heat up however excluding
    cardio). The common time for exercise classes
    for a 5 day break up is normally around minutes.
    Keep In Mind, you would possibly be training 5 days a week, so the quantity
    is spread out extra over the week, which suggests you can do barely
    much less total volume each workout than you'll with a 3 or
    4 day break up. It is not essential to perform all exercises you might be acquainted with on a daily basis.

    If you're coaching for a sport and must give consideration to
    training a particular set of actions ... However you just need to
    be mindful that you can smash your self each exercise,
    as a result of you’re unlikely to have the ability to recover from it.
    The bro break up is your typical coaching programme you will
    little doubt have seen if you’d set foot in Gold’s Health Club within the mid-70s.
    And I’d be keen to hazard a guess that method nonetheless dominates the
    gym floor when you walked in there right now.
    And there are 5 major muscle teams you need to give a shit about.

    It’s important to do not overlook that relaxation time is also required for a muscle to
    gain power, construct mass and performance healthily.
    So, incorporating some quantity of resistance training is important on your muscular tissues.
    Your bones, connective tissue, and metabolism will thanks
    as well. And that’s training multiple muscle groups per workout can lead to extra various and pleasant coaching.

    And this can be a crucial issue for sticking to your coaching programme lengthy sufficient to see results.
    If you prepare chest on a Monday do you REALLY need a full 7 days to recover?

    Power training may be intimidating, but don’t worry—the Peloton community and coaches are here to cheer you on. You can study what muscle teams to work
    out along with programs like his Intermediate 3-Day Split.
    For beginners, Ben recommends a full body energy coaching program (try
    Total Energy 2 with Andy Speer) to help hone your skill
    growth and set you up for long-term success. If you're
    a newbie, you'll build muscle with just three days per week, at low volume
    per workout. It is suggested to take about seconds of rest between working
    units. This period allows your muscles to get well adequately
    for the subsequent set with out cooling down.
    Many lifters make mistakes when choosing or following
    a coaching cut up. One common mistake just isn't adjusting the
    break up in accordance with personal recovery wants.
    Everyone’s restoration capability differs, and sticking rigidly to a predetermined schedule can hinder progress.
    In this expert review, we analyze, critique, and expand on Dr.
    Pak’s recommendations on the RP podcast for structuring your coaching split.
    Our staff includes an train scientist with 20+ years in the
    gym who ensures each perception is backed by experience and real-world outcomes.
    When building a workout, Holman says to give consideration to these seven primary motion patterns.

    Pause on the top of the movement for a second or
    two and squeeze your quads as exhausting as possible.
    Barbell rows or machine rows are glorious different exercises.
    StrengthLog’s Push Pull Workout Routine is intended for intermediate lifters and above.
    Guide to Good Well Being and Health is a Science and
    Research-based Neighborhood, where we share articles about Well
    Being and Fitness.
    The reasoning behind that is that your muscles are normally contemporary to be
    labored out every hours (even when you nonetheless have
    soreness). Working out a muscle group out once per week is principally losing this potential to use them more often and double your
    gains (also known as a better frequency). With these 101 bodyweight workout routines,
    you have everything you should build muscle, get stronger,
    enhance flexibility, and enhance total fitness.
    Whether you’re simply starting your health journey or looking
    to add selection to a longtime routine, these workout routines provide something for everybody.
    In Contrast to lifting heavy weights, calisthenics coaching may be very safe.
    Learn more about widespread bodybuilding injuries and tips on how to keep away from
    them here.
    In many circumstances, it’s better to do more of the exercises you need
    to get stronger in than "wasting" your recovery capability on isolation workout routines.
    Here’s what the science says about the advantages of compound
    exercises for building power and muscle hypertrophy. Progressing by way of these exercise routines will follow the identical ideas of progressive overload.
    Progressive overload is the elemental coaching principle
    that claims you have to regularly place a higher load or stressor on your muscles to see continuous growth.


    This break up is properly suited to recovery, since your higher physique
    rests while you’re working the decrease physique, and vice versa.
    The intensity at which we exercise is the last
    word factor in figuring out our muscle progress and power
    gains. You must challenge your muscle groups, then allow
    them the right time to recuperate in order that
    you’re ready for the subsequent workout. Discovering the proper coaching split for you'll facilitate simply that.

    What’s more, it only entails coaching on weekdays, and
    you want to be ready to complete every session in beneath an hour,
    so it’s practical and straightforward to follow for many.
    It contains the perfect mixture of volume, depth, and frequency to drive
    progress whereas still allowing loads of time for recovery.
    Others say workouts for muscle groups that oppose
    each other make more sense since this ensures you don’t "carry"
    fatigue from one exercise into the next and
    may prepare harder consequently. Some say workouts for muscle teams that function collectively
    are best, citing the favored pairing of chest and triceps as an apparent instance.

    Combining exercises with correct kind and varying resistance stimulates muscle teams effectively.
    Understanding how muscles work collectively is vital to an effective workout.
    It refers to exercising muscle teams that support each other during movements.

    When it involves understanding, some individuals wish to
    concentrate on one muscle group at a time, whereas others choose to combine things up.
    There are professionals and cons to each approaches, but if you’re
    trying to get essentially the most out of your exercise, you may
    wish to think about working out multiple muscle teams
    without delay. Not only will this allow you to save time,
    but it could also lead to better outcomes. One of one of the best combinations is to work out your chest and again together.

    This divides the muscle groups into features with the next muscle teams.

    However, typically muscle group pairings are based on which burns the most vitality and supplies the simplest exercise.
    As you determine what muscle groups to work out collectively, think
    about your fitness stage, what your goals are, and the way a lot time you want
    to dedicate to your exercises.
    Depending on the way you cut up the workout routines up, it'd warrant kind of
    rest days. Squats — This is arguably the strongest compound exercise identified aside from the deadlift.

    Oftentimes, an skilled lifter can load up heavier weights with squats than most other workout routines.


    Many common exercises will already goal many of these muscle teams on each given day.
    For instance, the bench press targets the chest, triceps, and shoulders, making it best for day three
    of this routine. One method, typically seen in "bro splits", is to easily train the
    muscles by physique elements. For examle, what this means is to have a "chest" day where all you prepare is the chest.

    However, remember that the chest is composed of several completely different
    muscle tissue, so these days would use isolation workout routines for each
    indivudal muscle throughout the chest muscle
    group. All upper body and many lower physique exercises require a strong grip.
    If your grip fails, you might find that you
    simply cannot continue your set, despite the precise fact that you haven’t fatigued the target muscle.

    Ideally, every exercise should give consideration to totally
    different aspects of the muscle. Think of it as partaking it in several methods to make sure balanced progress and development.
    'Every single time I get away from it, each single time I come back to
    it, simply good old pull-ups with any grip – they're so goddamn good.


    Then, you even have the choice with 6 day splits to program your workouts in a method that produces a nice mix of each frequency and intensity.
    With a full physique circuit workout, you’ve obtained a time-efficient routine.
    You’re able to maximize your time in the gym as you might be working multiple muscular tissues directly.
    This allows you to burn extra calories and goal completely different
    muscle teams faster than with different types of training.
    Having a full physique exercise plan is extremely
    beneficial for a multitude of health goals including muscle acquire, power development, weight discount, and extra.
    As you probably seen, this plan doesn’t have plenty of particular
    core work.
    The deltoids work at the aspect of chest muscles like pectorals in addition to back
    muscular tissues corresponding to trapezius
    to bring the arm to completely different aspects.
    For instance, the back delts work with the traps and latissimus dorsi (wrapping around the ribs to attach to the spine) to raise the arm behind the body.

    You can prepare the workouts any method you need on any day
    you need.
    And, by cycling the three days over four classes every week, you’ll
    still hit every muscle group 5 occasions a month.
    Do loads of individuals nonetheless make huge features from this fashion of training?
    With three days to play with you might choose to stay to a full-body plan, but unfold your whole units out throughout the week and add much more variety to your training routine.

    It automates your programming, adapts to your progress, and optimizes your exercises, so you
    don’t have to overthink it. However, whereas full physique splits can preserve your muscle mass, they will not be
    optimal for long-term development. The lack of specialization can result in insufficient quantity for particular muscle groups.

    If your objective is to construct muscle, contemplate this approach a stopgap rather than a everlasting solution.
    It is necessary to focus on compound actions and to make sure that every workout offers enough
    stimulus for muscle development. With the best program,
    full body workouts might help you attain your physique objectives.

    When you pair chest and triceps in your exercise routine, you maximize effectivity
    and construct power successfully. This mixture allows you
    to target two main muscle groups with complementary actions, enhancing your general upper body energy.

    You love the gym and also you want to be there nearly
    every single day when you can, dialing in your
    physique piece by piece. While shoulder workouts like overhead
    presses and lateral raises require strong core engagement for stability, core
    exercises like planks and leg raises can also not directly work
    the shoulders. To get the most out of your workouts,
    you should focus on recovery.

Napísať komentár

Uistite sa, že všetky požadované (*) polia ste vyplnili. HTML kód nie je povolený.