Jozef Tiso – kňaz, politik, kolaborant

Publikácia Jozef Tiso – kňaz, politik, kolaborantje prvým hĺbkovým rozborom života tejto rozporuplnej osobnosti z inej ako slovenskej perspektívy s použitím bezprecedentného množstva dobových prameňov.

Autor J. M. Ward ich zozbieral z vyše dvadsiatich archívov na celom svete, čomu zodpovedá aj vyše 50 strán poznámok so zdrojmi a citáciami. 

Americký historik James Mace Wardsa s osobou Jozefa Tisa stretol prvýkrát, keď v roku 1992 učil na Slovensku. Tiso sa tak stal témou Wardovej diplomovej i dizertačnej práce. Jeho život sleduje od študijných čias chronologicky, nie tematicky, čo je v doterajších Tisových životopisoch neobvyklé, a tak ponúka komplexný pohľad aj na jeho názorový a osobnostný vývoj. Autor sa zaoberá rokmi štúdia za kňaza rímskokatolíckej cirkvi, vstupom na politickú dráhu, angažovanosťou na úrovni československej politiky až po funkciu hlavy slovenského štátu. Výsledkom niekoľkoročnej práce je kniha Jozef Tiso. Kňaz, politik, kolaborant, ktorá teraz vyšla vo Vydavateľstve SLOVART v preklade Dezidera Kamhala.

„Ward portrétuje Tisa komplexne – ako verného zástancu katolicizmu, horlivého slovenského nacionalistu i vypočítavého politika, rozhodnutého chrániť si svoju povesť a manévrovací priestor. Nevyhýba sa ani najkontroverznejším kapitolám Tisovho života, najmä vojnovému spojenectvu           s nacistickým Nemeckom a jeho zodpovednosti za vyvlastnenie majetku, deportácie a vyvraždenie Židov. Nepodlieha však ani  zjednodušujúcemu čierno-bielemu videniu Tisa ako nacistického prisluhovača či atavistického nacionalistu,“ hodnotí životopisnú publikáciu Benjamin Frommer, historik a profesor na Northwestern University of Illinois. 

Ivan Kamenec, historik, autor publikácie Tragédia politika, kňaza a človeka. Dr. Jozef Tiso 1887 – 1947o knihe povedal, že „Wardova práca posúva naše poznanie a chápanie viacerých kľúčových problémov moderných slovenských dejín v dvadsiatom storočí.“

Na knihu vyšlo v zahraničí množstvo pozitívnych recenzií, citovali a recenzovali ju v mnohých prestížnych magazínoch ako Foreign Affairs, New York Review of Books, American Historical Review, Journal of Modern History aleboFrankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.

James Mace Ward je profesorom na University of Rhode island, kde sa špecializuje na moderné európske dejiny. Publikácia Jozef Tiso. Kňaz, politik, kolaborantdostala okrem iného osobitné uznanie poroty Literárnej ceny Reginalda Zelnika (Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies, 2013).

31 komentárov

  • Komentár doodleordie.com %PM, %20 %982 %2025 %22:%mar napísal doodleordie.com

    Both dropping fats and building muscle take time, we can’t anticipate results in a single day.
    We must be consistent in both the gym and the kitchen for a few months before we are
    ready to see results. You’ll also give the decrease again some
    well-earned relaxation as this train doesn’t contain loading the backbone like a number of
    the different well-liked glute workouts.
    For a workout with this volume and intensity, once a week might be about proper for many of you.
    Perhaps repeat it one thing like every 5–7 days, relying in your schedule
    and the way recovered you may be, and if you believe that you could
    beat your previous weights. If you hit three units of five reps,
    you improve the burden for the following workout and stick with
    that until you can as quickly as again make 3 x 5.

    Girls might focus extra on aesthetics and muscle tone, however the workout
    routines outlined right here stay the best options for each.

    One cause the glutes may be so onerous to grow is that
    they already see lots of stimuli. Keep In Mind that the glutes
    are always working, meaning you should prepare with depth to create sufficient stress
    for progress. However, whenever you train too much, you by no means give muscle restoration a chance to occur,
    in order that they're continually being broken down. Ease up in your glute training when you're
    going exhausting with no outcomes.
    The first point on loading is that the glutes, like most muscular tissues, seem to benefit from some training in all three of
    the rep ranges listed above. The different 50% can perhaps be break up evenly between the heavy (5-10)
    and lightweight (20-30) rep ranges, as loading range diversity has been proven to be a possible benefit
    in its personal right. By incorporating these workout routines will assist you to
    effectively work in course of building stronger glutes.

    Bear In Mind to adjust the weights, units, and reps to match your health level and progress over time.


    A more related study would be this one by Moore et al.
    which found that the lateral step-up has high levels
    of glute medius activation. It also shows that the lateral variation activated the medius to the next degree than the forward variation – hence why we’ve included this one in our favourites record.
    Although you possibly can build lean muscle mass with a
    calorie deficit, limiting calories is not ideal for hypertrophy.

    In truth, a small surplus of energy is going to offer your muscles the extra
    vitamins and power they should get greater and stronger.

    Keeping a log of every exercise could be helpful when growing your glutes.
    Using an app like Hevy may help you log your progress and see
    the way you enhance over time.
    The "glutes" which is the widespread time period for our gluteal muscles is actually in reference not to just one muscle, however three.
    The mostly known glute muscle and biggest is the Glute Max.

    This will make up the majority of the form and measurement
    of our butt.
    And for those of you who haven't got a bench, strive the glute bridge instead.
    An instance of this is when pulling your leg backward
    as far as it might possibly go. Once it gets previous being straight down, it
    moves into hyperextension. Bear In Mind — the aim with kickbacks
    is to work each leg individually and maintain a flat back all through the
    exercise. Nevertheless, consistency is essential for effective
    results, so make sure to include them in your regular routine.
    This is particularly relevant if your way of life or job
    includes extended durations of sitting, which may result in the weak and underactive glutes I
    talked about above, doubtlessly causing posture issues. Glutes help keep your backbone in alignment, which may alleviate back ache and reduce the possibilities of injury.


    How much weight to add is a matter of an educated guess in your half.
    You need to add sufficient weight to get your target RIR with the same reps as last week.

    For instance, if you did 100lbs final week for 10 reps on your first set of an exercise at 2 RIR, how much
    do you've got to do next week to get 10 reps again however at 1 RIR?
    If you’re making very speedy gains on an train, you might
    have a number of weeks right here and there where even though you increased weight by a bit,
    your RIR didn’t decline. You might need hit eight reps at 100lbs at 3 RIR final
    week, and then hit 8 reps again at three RIR with 105lbs this week!


    The glute medius is the second largest of the three glute muscles.
    It sits on the outermost a part of the pelvis BUT solely on the pelvis.
    Compare this to the maximus, which stretches out and down onto the femur.
    Rest days are simply as necessary as workout days, so don’t overtrain your glutes (or any muscle) and threat
    damage or strain. While you do need an influence rack
    to perform back squats, we advocate doing this exercise two to
    3 times every week to realize the results you need on your glutes.

    One study from the College of Central Missouri, discovered skilled lifters gained a median of 2.18 to 2.33 kilos of muscle over the course of an eight-week training program.
    The finest approach to goal the glute med ? Single leg
    workouts combined with abduction actions. The workouts I’ve
    shared with you might be designed to make sure optimal glute activation in all three parts of the muscle, making certain you’ll see some
    serious outcomes when you stick to them. If you point your toes sideways, you’re merely participating the gluteus medius or gluteus minimus.

    Typically, our hips can stray during a Barbell Squat, particularly once we transfer into that upright
    place during the concentric portion of the raise. It depends on imbalances in the hip and the
    way the muscular tissues in the posterior chain are firing together.

    The cable pull-through can also be accomplished with resistance bands making it an excellent glute isolation train for the fitness center or at house.

    In this movement, you will work the posterior chain, including the
    glutes, hamstrings, decrease back, and core.
    This hip hinge exercise will allow you to add continuous rigidity on the glutes whilst you can end off
    the movement with a long isometric hold to activate those muscle fibers
    and stimulate development. Back extensions are great for
    strengthening the decrease back and spinal erectors,
    but they're also good for hitting the glutes if you make a minor adjustment.

    By flaring your feet outwards, you may transfer more stress onto the glutes so that
    they're activated extra as you carry your physique.
    This muscle additionally plays a significant position in preserving an upright torso position whenever you walk
    or run, helping you preserve steadiness and stability.
    To download our app StrengthLog and follow
    these exercises and training programs, use the buttons below.
    Still, it’s a good butt exercise to keep in your arsenal for residence dumbbell workouts.

    Each of these shortcomings vanish like donuts on cheat day with
    this banded variation. That’s to not say my list of high glute workout routines doesn’t include squat or deadlift variations.
    Nevertheless, I’ve modified these movements to make them rather more glute-centric.
    With all of that in thoughts, it’s secure to say that we ought to always reappraise
    how we take into consideration training our bottom.
    Luckily for you, we’ve obtained 12 glute exercises
    that you can throw into your workouts, proper now, for immediate glute positive aspects.
    Strengthening your glutes comes with the bonus of serving to stop injury elsewhere in the physique.

    If you wish to make this more durable, flip it right into
    a single leg hip thrust. To make it simpler, flip it
    into it a glute bridge, which is the place you lay with your
    back on the bottom and perform the identical movement.

    It's almost universally agreed upon as the most effective glute exercise because it's an isolation movement that permits a load to be positioned directly on the hips.


    To fix inactive glutes and a scarcity of energy within the glute muscular tissues, you
    wish to concentrate on constructing a robust mind-to-muscle
    connection. But there’s another glute muscle that’s
    equally as important known as the gluteus
    medius. If you skip out on coaching this muscle while overtraining the glute max,
    you enhance your risk of muscle imbalances,
    strain, and decrease back pain. Based in your private responses to every of the primary rep ranges, you'll
    be able to adjust how much quantity you carry out in any of them.

    Lifters will slowly decrease their hips back to the beginning
    place after which repeat for the quantity of reps required for muscle fatigue.
    The knees might be positioned at a 90-degree angle of
    flexion, with feel placed flat on the ground. Next,
    the lifter will push by way of their heels and squeeze
    the glute muscles to boost their hips. Donkey kicks
    are amazing for targeting the higher portion of the glute medius, which will help provide you with
    that coveted butt lift. You’ll also get slightly core engagement with
    the train as you steadiness with one leg within the air.

    Remember to try to increase the burden you're utilizing in each exercise to ensure
    your continued muscle growth and energy features.
    Lastly, for a third means of working the hip extending muscle fibers of your gluteus
    maximus, we now have the Romanian deadlift. Once once more, this
    exercise will complement the previous two, this time by offering peak resistance in one more angle and
    muscle size. In this section, we’ll take a glance at five
    of the best glute workout routines that complement one another by way of which glute muscular tissues,
    and also which part of the glute muscles, they aim. Deadlifts are great on your glutes, hamstrings, and lower back, but this one-legged model is an particularly good butt workout.


    With Out a gym setting or structured workout plan, it is easy to skip your train routine.
    I've learned that offering a transparent, structured program is essential
    for seeing real outcomes. Whether you are a newbie or someone who's tried and failed before, this 30-day plan will help you gain seen muscle
    utilizing nothing but your body weight. Read on to discover the way to
    transform your physique in just one month. Another Pilates posture, the clamshell is one other nice train to
    focus on the deep glute muscular tissues – aka the
    gluteus minimus and medius. This transfer mimics the looks of clams, moving
    your legs in a means that appears like a clamshell opening and shutting.
    Every time you sit right into a chair and stand again up, you are doing a body-weight squat.


    Strive completing two units of eight to 10 reps, paying shut consideration to your
    type and how your again feels during each bridge.
    To challenge the muscle tissue that help the hips with motion and rotation,
    lateral movement is crucial. Method is what's going to prepare the muscular tissues to carry out
    while maintaining your posture intact.
    You’ll see better performance in exercises like squats and lunges.

    You’ll see yourself getting stronger, especially unilateral strength.
    With this exercise, you are using larger hamstring actions and mixing extra single-leg, bodyweight, and
    banded glute movements. This is the place you can max out on your hamstring exercises, whereas still constructing your glutes.

    The Romanian deadlift is a wonderful train that can simultaneously target the glutes and the hamstrings
    (the two muscle tissue answerable for the underbutt).
    However, it is important to do not neglect that individual
    results might vary. Some individuals might see adjustments sooner, whereas for others, it'd take longer.
    Genetics play a significant role in figuring out the place and the way rapidly
    your body builds muscle. If you need a full exercise in your whole physique that enhances
    muscle and strength, take a glance at our ATHLEAN-X packages.
    We’ve obtained one thing excellent for everybody, no matter what
    you’re aiming for or the instruments you might have.

    Weak or underactive glutes can lead to a sequence reaction of muscle imbalances
    and misalignments, usually resulting in lower back pain, one of the most
    common bodily complaints. What most individuals consider when they hear the word "glutes" comprises
    three sections or groups of muscle fibers.
    With an emphasised vary of movement lunges effectively stimulate your quads,
    hamstrings, and glutes, to assist construct extra lean muscle mass.
    If you want to build an even bigger butt, lunges are one of the best exercises that can assist you get there.
    Most glute workouts revolve around standard
    squats and deadlifts. And whereas these are not unhealthy workouts for training the glutes, they aren’t essentially one of the best.

    In addition to persistently being beneath completely different loads, the glutes are also constantly labored with completely different
    motions and from different angles. With that in thoughts, I Am placing
    this on the record as a outcome of anecdotal proof of testimony from folks a lot stronger than us.

    A study revealed within the Journal of Utilized Biomechanics in contrast muscle activation through the exercise to muscle activation in the course
    of the again squat. Their measurements confirmed there's actually no
    query as to which is best. We've built this listing using
    EMG and the opinion of experts in the area.

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