Život na cisársky spôsob

Napísal Rakúska Turistika 28. apríl 2023

To, že Rakúšania majú sklony k nostalgii, súvisí asi s tým, že sa na každom kroku stretávajú s cisárskou minulosťou. #realAustria. Dočítate sa, kedy začal rod Habsburgobvcov vládnúť, ktorý bol najúspešnejší cisár či vojvodca, kde sa nachádzal pôvodný hrad rodu...

Rakúsko je síce od roku 1918 republikou, no mnoho pozostatkov monarchie prežíva v každodennom živote dodnes. Odráža to i obľúbenosť rôznych titulov: v Rakúsku sa napríklad ministerský úradník vo vysokej funkcii nazýva dvorný radca (nem. „Hofrat“). Kto sa na takúto pozíciu neprepracuje sám, tomu môže titul udeliť spolkový prezident. Ten mimochodom sídli na tom istom mieste, odkiaľ svojmu impériu vládli i cisári: v Leopoldovom trakte v Hofburgu. Bez ohľadu na vysokú politiku je v súčasnosti všadeprítomná i kultúra bývalej monarchie napríklad v hudbe. Skladbu Radetzkeho pochod môžeme pokojne označiť ako tajnú štátnu hymnu Rakúska. Hudobné dielo na počesť rovnomenného generála patrí na Novoročnom koncerte Viedenských filharmonikov k tradičným prídavkom, ktoré publikum sprevádza nadšeným tlieskaním. Stálym bodom programu je tiež Cisársky valčík, ktorý skomponoval Johann Strauss. Tieto skladby sa hrajú každý rok aj 18. augusta, keď ľudia v historických kostýmoch v mestečku Bad Ischl radostne oslavujú narodeniny Františka Jozefa I.

Habsburská monarchia

K moci sa Habsburgovci dostali vlastne kvôli kríze. Keď sa Svätá rímska ríša národa nemeckého ocitla bez panovníka, bol v roku 1273 za rímsko-nemeckého kráľa zvolený Rudolf I. Habsburský. Nikto mu síce nepredpovedal veľkú budúcnosť, no po víťazstve v bitke pri Dürnkrute v roku 1278 si Rudolf upevnil svoju moc a položil základy ríše, ktorá mala pretrvať 645rokov.

„Vojny nech vedú iní, ty, šťastné Rakúsko, sa žeň!“ Tento slávny výrok charakterizuje vzostup Habsburgovcov vďaka sobášnej politike. Keď cisár Maximilián I. vydal a oženil svoje deti do Aragónska a Kastílie, otvoril tak Habsburgovcom cestu na španielsky trón. Okrem strategických sobášov charakterizovali vládu Habsburgovcov i nespočetné vojny. Aj Mária Terézia (1717–1780) musela viesť vojny, napríklad proti Prusku, no podarilo sa jej upevniť postavenie svojho rodu v Európe a zabezpečiť pretrvanie dynastie tým, že porodila až 16 detí.

V roku 1804 založil cisár František I. Rakúske cisárstvo, z ktorého v roku 1867 za cisára Františka Jozefa I. vznikla Rakúsko-uhorská monarchia. Bojovať však musel i František Jozef: jeho posledná vojna, ktorá bola 1. svetovou vojnou, viedla v roku 1918 napokon k zániku Dunajskej monarchie.

10 faktov o Habsurgovcov

Začiatok vlády: 1273
Koniec vlády: 1918
Počet cisárov a kráľov: 24
Najdlhšie vládnuci panovník: František Jozef I. od 1848 do 1916
Posledný cisár: Karol I. (1916–1918)
Najúspešnejší vojvodca: Princ Eugen Savojský (1663–1736)
Pôvodný hrad rodu: Habsburg v kantóne Aargau, Švajčiarsko
Sídlo: Hofburg, Viedeň
Letné sídlo: Zámok Schönbrunn, Viedeň (od roku 1696)
Rakúsko je síce od roku 1918 republikou, no mnoho pozostatkov monarchie prežíva v každodennom živote dodnes. Odráža to i obľúbenosť rôznych titulov. Kapucínska krypta, Viedeň

Architektonické poklady Habsburgovcov

O dlhej histórii cisársko-kráľovskej monarchie svedčia mnohé stavby. Na týchto miestach je v Rakúsku dodnes možné zažiť a precítiť zlaté časy Dunajskej monarchie.

Cisárske leto

schonbrun_austrian

Zámok Schönbrunn.(c)Austrian National Tourist Office /Wolfgang Weinhäupl

Bezstarostní ako cisár sa návštevníci cítia v zámku Schönbrunn, niekdajšej letnej rezidencii Habsburgovcov, a na prechádzke jej zdanlivo nekonečnými záhradami.

>>Zámok Schönbrunn

Habsburgovci na cestách

Kto by sa nechcel dotknúť nádherných habsburských kočov a kočiarov? Na „Chodníku cisárovnej Sisi“ sa môžete vybrať po stopách scestovanej panovníčky.

>>Wagenburg

Mocenské centrum s osobitým šarmom

hofburg_andreas_tischler

Hofburg, Vieden. (c)Austrian National Tourist Office/Andreas Tischler

Najväčší zámok na svete a bývalé centrum moci Habsburgovcov: navštívte cisárske komnaty a Španielsku jazdeckú školu.

>>Hofburg

Kostol Schwarz-Mander-Kirche

hochkirche_innsbruck

Cisársky kostol Hofkirche v Innsbrucku. (c)Innsbruck Tourismus / Christian Vorhofer

Vstúpte do tajuplného sveta „posledného rytiera“: po bokoch hrobu cisára Maximiliána I. stojí 28 pôsobivých bronzových sôch, nazývaných „Schwarze Mander“.

>>Hofkirche Innsbruck

Princov letný zámok Belvedér

belveder_pop_hackner

Zámok Belvedér, Vieden. (c) Austrian National Tourist Office /Popp & Hackner

V letnej rezidencii princa Eugena žil vraj kedysi skrotený lev. Dnes sem návštevníkov priťahuje najväčšia zbierka malieb Gustava Klimta na svete.

>>Belvedér

Pôžitok z umenia od stredoveku po dnes

albertina_wien

Albertina vo Viedni, (c)Wien, Albertina

Na výstavách v múzeu nebudete vychádzať z úžasu. Niekdajšie prepychové slávnostné miestnosti Habsburgovcov sú skutočný tajný tip.

>>Albertina

 

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