Na správny sed dieťaťa treba dohliadať už od ranného detstva

Rodičia sa väčšinou obracajú na fyzioterapeuta kvôli bolestiam ich dieťaťa až v období jeho puberty. Vtedy už prichádza dieťa, ktoré má chronické bolesti chrbta a tenzné bolesti hlavy. Podľa fyzioterapeutky Kataríny Hanuliakovej je preto veľmi dôležité sledovať dieťa už v rannom detstve a urobiť všetky potrebné opatrenia.

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Na správny sed treba dohliadať odmalička. Dieťa sa pri štandardnom vývoji samé dostane do sedu okolo 9 mesiaca. Sed by mal byť pekne vzpriamený a dieťa je potrebné sledovať aj pri hre. Rozhodne by nemalo mať kyfotický chrbátik a nemalo by sedieť v tzv. dvojitom „W“, medzi pätičkami. Toto sú znaky neideálneho, až patologického sedu, upozorňuje Katarína Hanuliaková z IntimFyzio, podľa ktorej by už v týchto prípadoch mali rodičia vyhľadať fyzioterapeuta.

Ďalším míľnikom v sedení je obdobie od dvoch rokov, kedy si dieťa osvojuje aktívny sed na stoličke. Vtedy je potrebné sledovať, ako sa dieťa správa za stolom, radí fyzioterapeutka. Podľa Kateřiny Zaydlarovej riaditeľky Centra zdravého sedenia by rodičia mali začať uvažovať nad kúpou vhodného ergonomického nábytku, už keď si dieťa začne za stolom kresliť, tvoriť alebo sa hrať s plastelínou. „Hneď od začiatku treba dieťa učiť na zdravé návyky, prispôsobovať nábytok jeho výške, aby bolo telo v správnej polohe. Kolienka, panva a lakte by mali byť v 90 stupňovom uhle, k čomu výrazne dopomôže polohovateľný stôl aj stolička,“ vysvetľuje odborníčka. Osvojenie si zdravých návykov v rannom detstve vo veľkej miere dopomôže deťom, aby si ich uchovali aj počas ich nástupu do základnej školy.

Prvý stupeň základnej školy býva podľa fyzioterapeutky Kataríny Hanuliakovej najvýznamnejším obdobím z hľadiska „pokazenia“ pohybového aparátu. „Vtedy dieťa začína oveľa viac sedieť a je nútené byť viac menej statické niekoľko hodín v škole a potom aj doma pri domácich úlohách. Výrazne sa v tomto období redukuje prirodzený pohyb. Dieťatko je dôležité upozorňovať, aby správne sedelo. Tu je veľmi dôležitá aj rola učiteľa. Ideálne je zabezpečiť, aby malo dieťa hneď od začiatku ergonomické podmienky,“ odporúča.

Dlhodobé sedenie je samo o sebe pre telo náročné a je potreba vedieť sa na držanie tela sústrediť a sedieť správne. „V nezdravých pozíciách trpí chrbtica a kardiovaskulárny systém. Obzvlášť u detí sa naviac oveľa skôr dostaví únava a nedokážu sa ohnuté za stolom sústrediť. Preto by malo byť pre rodičov samozrejmosťou zaistiť, aby sa deti venovali úlohám a štúdiu v zdravej polohe,“ hovorí Kateřina Zaydlarová a zdôrazňuje, že každé dieťa je unikátne aj vzhľadom k jeho rastu, preto je nutné poskytnúť mu kvalitné zázemie na domáce štúdium. Viacero ľudí si túto skutočnosť za posledné mesiace uvedomilo, čo sa prejavilo aj na zosilnenom trende vybavovania domácností vhodným nábytkom.  

Prevencia je vždy lepší variant

Odborníčky odporúčajú dbať na správny sed dieťaťa už od ranného detstva, inak sa môžu dostaviť vážne problémy. Na fyzioterapeutku Katarínu Hanuliakovú sa väčšinou obracajú rodičia až v čase, kedy je ich dieťa v období puberty a má chronické bolesti chrta. Taktiež sa stretáva s chybným držaním tela, skoliózou, diastázou, plochonožím alebo poruchou koordinácie a koncentrácie. Kateřina Zaydlarová preto radí, investovať do ergonomického nábytku, ktorý bude rásť spolu s dieťaťom. Rovnaký názor zdieľa aj Katarína Hanuliaková, podľa ktorej je nesmierne dôležité aj viesť dieťa k radosti zo športu, pobytu vonku na čerstvom vzduchu, v hre na ihriskách a lesoparkoch, v lození, šplhaní na stromy a zábradlia.

Ak už dieťa trpí problémami spojenými s nesprávnym sedením je podľa fyzioterapeutky v prvom rade potrebné zredukovať a skvalitniť sedenie. „To znamená dopriať dieťaťu viac pohybu a kúpiť vhodnú ergonomickú stoličku a stôl. Netreba zabúdať na správne nadstavenie ergonomického nábytku na postavu a parametre dieťaťa. Kvôli tomu odporúčam kúpu nábytku v špecializovaných predajniach, ktoré sa venujú výlučne ergonómii. Tu by mali byť erudovaní pracovníci, ktorí stôl aj stoličku nadstavia priamo na človeka, ktorý ho bude používať.“

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