Všetky tajomstvá AWD-i – ako funguje inovatívny pohon Toyoty

Čo má spoločné mestský Yaris Cross so 7-miestnym Highlanderom? Toyota v oboch autách využíva svoj inovatívny pohon všetkých kolies AWD-i. Ako funguje a v ktorých modeloch ho nájdete?

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Za dlhé roky si Toyota vybudovala vynikajúce meno ako výrobca terénnych vozidiel. Modely Hilux a Land Cruiser, ktoré sa vyrábajú a predávajú dodnes, sú jednými z posledných skutočných off-roadov s konštrukciou založenou na ráme a so stálym, mechanickým pohonom všetkých štyroch kolies. Japonský výrobca si uvedomuje, aké výhody plynú z pohonu všetkých kolies, preto sa už roky snaží ponúkať takéto riešenie v čo najväčšom počte modelov. Pre hybridné automobily bol vyvinutý koncept pohonu s pomocou elektromotora zadnej nápravy a základom tejto technológie je možnosť jej využitia v automobiloch takmer všetkých segmentov. Toto riešenie dostalo názov AWD-i, čiže All Wheel Drive – intelligent, teda inteligentný pohon všetkých kolies.

Princípom pohonu AWD-i je, že hybridný model využíva elektromotor na zadnej náprave. To je ten najväčší rozdiel oproti klasickým terénnym autám – nie je tu permanentné spojenie medzi nápravami, hnacím hriadeľom či rozdeľovacou skriňou s reduktorom. Je to počítač, ktorý na základe bleskurýchlych dátových analýz rozhoduje o rozdelení výkonu medzi predné a zadné kolesá.

Aké sú jeho výhody?

Možnosť využitia pohonu AWD-i v mnohých modeloch Toyoty umožňuje architektúra TNGA. Medzi jej najdôležitejšie prednosti patria nízke ťažisko, vysoká tuhosť karosérie a jednoduchosť umiestnenia jednotlivých komponentov hybridného systému. A takisto aj možnosť pridania pohonu všetkých štyroch kolies.

V autách značky Toyota s pohonom  AWD-i je hybridný systém prednej nápravy, ktorý pozostáva z benzínového motora, elektromotora a generátora, ktorý dobíja trakčnú batériu. Zadnú nápravu poháňa tretí elektromotor. Prevádzku všetkých zariadení riadi jednotka riadenia energie PCU cez hybridnú prevodovku a menič. Práve tá umožňuje použitie výkonnejších elektromotorov pri zachovaní rovnakého výkonu a kapacity batérie. Toto je tajomstvo výkonu hybridných vozdiel Toyota v elektrickom režime. V konečnom dôsledku to znamená spotrebu paliva podobnú ako pri verzii s výlučne predným pohonom. Ako je to možné? Keď je auto v pohybe, je poháňaná predovšetkým predná náprava. Zadné kolesá vstupujú do akcie len vtedy, keď je to potrebné. Keď systém zaznamená stratu priľnavosti, rozhodne, že na stúpanie do kopca je potrebný väčší výkon, alebo či  sa budeme pohybovať po povrchu so zníženou priľnavosťou mimo hlavnej cesty.

Pohon AWD-i znamená aj prídavné jazdné režimy určené na pohyb v náročnejších podmienkach, ako je jazda na snehu alebo v teréne. Navyše, vozidlá s týmto pohonom sú vybavené aj asistenčným systémom pri jazde z kopca. Ďalšou výhodou je, že vďaka kompaktnej veľkosti AWD-i zostáva batožinový priestor veľký a funkčný.

Od mestského crossoveru po 7-miestne SUV

Pohon AWD-i je dostupný v celom rade hybridných SUV a crossoverov značky Toyota. Najmenším automobilom s týmto pohonom je Toyota Yaris Cross. Hybridný pohon je v tomto prípade založený na motore 1,5 z radu Dynamic Force, ktorý produkuje výkon 116 koní. Jeho priemerná spotreba paliva sa pohybuje od 4,7 l/100 km, čo z neho robí najhospodárnejšie SUV v rade Toyota.

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O čosi väčším autom ako Yaris Cross je Corolla Cross, ktorá debutovala v roku 2022. Takéto auto dovtedy v ponuke Toyoty chýbalo. Model využíva nielen pohon AWD-i, ale aj premiérový hybridný pohon piatej generácie, ktorý je okrem iného efektívnejší vďaka použitiu výkonnejších a ľahších lítium-iónových batérií, ako aj vylepšeniam ostatných komponentov. Okrem toho disponuje zadným elektromotorom s výkonom až 40 koní.

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Pohon AWD-i debutoval v  modeli Toyota RAV4 v kombinácii s dvoma typmi hybridných systémov. Prvou možnosťou je full hybrid, v ktorom má pohon s 2,5-litrovým motorom z rady Dynamic Force celkový výkon 222 koní. Zrýchlenie z 0 na 100 km/h je 8,1 sekundy a priemerná spotreba paliva od 5,6 l/100 km. Auto je teraz dostupné v novej verzii Adventure s ešte terénnejším charakterom. Druhým variantom pohonu so systémom AWD-i je plug-in hybrid. Jeho výkon je 306 koní, zrýchlenie z nuly na zadný elektromotor s výkonom 54 koní a objemná batéria vám umožnia cestovať až 75 km v elektrickom režime s nulovými emisiami.

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Toyota Highlander je najväčšie auto v rade, ktoré využíva pohon AWD-i. Vďaka hybridnému systému s celkovým výkonom 248 koní zrýchli auto z 0 na 100 km/h za 8,3 sekundy a priemerná spotreba paliva je od 6,6 l/100 km. Highlander s päťmetrovou karosériou ponúka miesto pre sedem osôb a batožinový priestor 1 909 litrov. Navyše je schopný ťahať príves s hmotnosťou až dve tony. Niet divu, že aj tento model sa veľmi rýchlo stal populárnym.

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Zdroj foto: Toyota

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