Toyota Supra - história legendy, ktorá sa vracia

V týchto dňoch automobilový svet privítal očakávanú piatu generáciu Toyoty Supra.  Pripomeňme si  zaujímavú  históriu  legendy,  ktorá sa vrátila a opäť zaujala v novej kráse.  

2000 gt

Toyota 2000GT - matka japonských kupé 

História športového kupé Toyoty so zadným pohonom a šesťvalcovým motorom sa začala v šesťdesiatych rokoch minulého storočia. Presnejšie v roku 1965, keď automobilka predstavila svetu legendárny model 2000GT.  Pohon obstarával dvojlitrový radový šesťvalec s výkonom 152 koní a auto dosahovalo rýchlosť 100 km/h  pri 6500 ot/min. S kotúčovými brzdami a posilňovačom riadenia bola Toyota 2000GT na svoje časy doslova revolučným vozidlom. Kupé vyhrávalo pretekárske okruhy, prekonávalo svetové rekordy a preslávilo sa aj v bondovke „Žiješ len dvakrát“.  Prvé japonské superauto vyrobili v počte 351 kusov. 

Američania ju zbožňovali 

Názov Supra sa objavil v roku  1978. Japonská automobilka sa rozhodla takto nazvať väčšiu a výkonnejšiu verziu Toyoty Celica, ktorú na japonskom trhu poznali ako Celica XX.  Liftback Celica Supra dostal do výbavy motory R6 s objemom 2 litre, 2,6 a 2,8 litrov. Najsilnejší z nich dosahoval maximálny výkon 125 koní. Kupé bolo navyše vybavené nezávislým zavesením zadnej nápravy, kotúčovými brzdami na všetkých kolesách a posilňovačom riadenia. K dispozícii bolo aj moderné vybavenie – na zozname môžeme nájsť klimatizáciu či tempomat.  Celica Supra sa tešila obrovskej popularite v Spojených štátoch. Viac ako polovica vyrobených vozidiel modelu putovala do USA,

Celicou Supra naprieč Afrikou

Druhá generácia modelu Celica Supra a Celica XX sa objavila na trhu v roku 1981. Kupé opäť dostalo  šesťvalcové motory. Pod kapotu sa dostali okrem iného motory 5M-GE s objemom 2,8 l ako aj 1G-GEU 2.0. Supra druhej generácie bola ešte lepšia, dostala nezávislé zavesenie s pružením MacPherson, výkonnejšie brzdy a zdokonalený systém riadenia. Časom auto získalo stabilizátor, na vývoji ktorého sa podieľala aj britská značka Lotus. Supra A60 sa po prvýkrát dostala aj na európsky trh, ale najväčšej popularite sa naďalej tešila v USA, kde  získala titul  Import Car of the Year.  Celica Supra druhej generácie štartovala v pretekoch  British Saloon Car Championship ako aj Rally  Safari. 

Samostatný model

Tretia generácia Toyoty Supra sa objavila v roku 1986 ako samostatný model. Z názvu vypadla Celica. Čo sa  nezmenilo, bol pohon – auto naďalej opúšťalo továreň s radovými šesťvalcovými motormi. Jedným z nich bol motor  7M-GE s objemom 3 litre a jeho preplňovaný variant 7M-GTE s výkonom 235 koní. Ďalšou zaujímavosťou v  Supre A70 bol 2,5 litrový motor twin turbo  1JZ-GTE. Takto vybavené auto malo výkon 280 koní a bolo dostupné výlučne v Japonsku. 

Okrem moderných motorov dostal model 3. generácie aj inovatívne zavesenie so systémom elektronickej regulácie Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension. Spoločnosť Toyota vyrobila tiež 500 kusov limitovanej edície Supra Turbo-A s motorom 7M-GTEU s výkonom 277 koní. 

Rýchla a zbesilá Supra A80

V roku 2002 predstavila Toyota 4. generáciu vlajkového kupé.  V porovnaní s predchodcom bolo auto širšie a kratšie a vodič sa cítil v kabíne ako v nadzvukovej stíhačke.  Tvorcovia modelu Supra A80 stavili na trojlitrové 6-valcové  motory. Dodávali ich v dvoch verziách: 2JZ-GE s atmosférickým plnením a výkonom 223 koní  a 2JZ-GTE preplňovaný dvojicou turbodúchadiel s výkonom 330 koní. Vďaka silným motorom auto zrýchľovalo na 100 km/h za 4,6 s. Supra bola mimoriadne starostlivo zmontovaná, spoľahlivá a odolná aj voči agresívnemu štýlu jazdy. Tuneri s ňou  bez problémov dosiahli výkon aj 650 koní. A vďaka filmu „Rýchlo a zbesilo“ sa  Supra stala ikonou. 

Svetová premiéra novej  Toyoty GR Supra!

Najnovšia generácia Toyoty Supra je tu! Predstavili ju vo svetovej premiére na medzinárodnom autosalóne NAIAS v Detroite. Nová Toyota GR Supra bola koncipovaná ako športové vozidlo v tej najrýdzejšej forme, bez kompromisov, ktoré by mohli ovplyvniť pôžitok z jazdy. Hlavný konštruktér Tecuja Tada sa držal klasickej podoby s radovým šesťvalcom vpredu a pohonom zadných kolies, v duchu tradícií predošlých generácií modelu Supra a pôvodného športového modelu 2000GT. Milovníci volantu sa môžu tešiť na opojné spojenie výkonu, agility a precíznej ovládateľnosti, postavenej na kombinácii krátkeho rázvoru a širokého rozchodu kolies, skromnej hmotnosti, nízkeho ťažiska a veľmi tuhej karosérie.

1 Komentár

  • Komentár Steroid free Bodybuilding %AM, %20 %146 %2025 %02:%mar napísal Steroid free Bodybuilding

    It is greatest to carry out this motion with a free barbell, versus using machines.
    You will stimulate muscle contraction extra effectively performing it with the exercise
    with a barbell. Safety precautions should be taken to protect the rotary cuff
    whilst doing this specific movement. Although you could not hurt your rotary cuff,
    there's potential to pressure them if not nicely rested earlier than an intense
    chest workout. This sure train hits the lats (latissimus
    dorsi) more than some other group of back muscle tissue, which is answerable for including extra width to the back.

    Hang with straight arms, then pull your self up until your chin is over the bar before lowering back down in a controlled method.
    You can prioritize back thickness within your workout by choosing heavy pulling and deadlifting
    variations and supplementing them with rowing actions.
    In conclusion, building a strong, thick again requires dedication and exhausting work.
    Incorporating deadlifts, pull-ups, bent-over rows, and Meadows rows into your workout routine
    might help you achieve your health objectives.

    It’s important for adding thickness to the decrease
    and higher back as properly as bettering general posture.

    By lifting a loaded barbell off the bottom till you’re standing upright with shoulders back demonstrates total-body power like few other workout routines can.
    Deadlifts, pull-ups, bent-over rows, and Meadows
    rows are all effective workouts for building a thick again.
    The muscle liable for creating width is the latissimus dorsi – the lats.

    It originates from the backbone, the place the fibers fan upwards and insert into the humerus.
    If you need to actually achieve some size on your back,
    there's a hell of a lot more to it than deadlifts and pull-ups.

    When we talk chest, we've 2 separate muscular tissues, arms,
    2 seperate muscular tissues, and so forth. Dead-lifts certainly
    work the upper back well, however fail to supply an entire pull as they neglect the elbow flexors.
    They have other disadvantages such as failing to provide a whole lower body motion by overemphasizing the hip extensors.

    Haney’s strategy to bodybuilding prioritized longevity, allowing him
    to maintain a strong, wholesome physique all through his profession. Dorian Yates, "The Shadow," revolutionized bodybuilding together with his dense, grainy again development.
    A 6-time Mr. Olympia champion, Yates set the usual for muscular density and conditioning during the 1990s.
    His again, specifically, grew to become one of the most admired and analyzed options
    of his physique.
    This exercise also places more emphasis on the biceps than the standard barbell
    bent-over row. The dumbbell should start underneath your shoulder and end at your hip,
    similar to in the previous exercise. "As you initiate the pull, think about driving your elbows down and again, as if attempting to the touch them to your again pockets," cues Saini.

    Additionally, many bodybuilders discover it simpler to really feel their lats working when doing the one-arm dumbbell row compared to conventional barbell rows.
    You’ll be doing straight sets with low reps and
    heavy weights for max energy positive aspects and laying the inspiration for a thick, highly effective again. Back workouts will also encourage weaker muscular
    tissues to develop, helping increase strength in other lifts you might not count on. Likewise, your shoulder joints
    shall be extra steady and considerably stronger.
    'Your back muscles and spine assist your body, without them it will be
    very weak,' says Zammit Tabona. 'Having a strong back will subsequently help help your physique and have you functioning better and
    extra efficiently.' Sounds like a win-win-win to us.

    Patrick Dale, PT, ex-Marine, is a Training Editor with 30 years
    of expertise in Personal Coaching and Energy & Conditioning.

    A former British Royal Marine, fitness center proprietor, and fitness skills assessor, he's dedicated to
    delivering informative, dependable content. In addition, Patrick is an experienced writer who has authored three fitness and exercise books, dozens of e-books, hundreds of articles, and
    a number of other fitness videos. He’s not simply an armchair fitness
    professional; Patrick practices what he preaches! He has
    competed at a high degree in quite a few sports activities,
    together with rugby, triathlon, rock climbing, trampolining,
    powerlifting, and, most lately, get up paddleboarding.

    His back has a rugged look, with spectacular element and muscle separation. Bannout’s again wasn’t
    the most important, but it was some of the outlined, with incredibly detailed lower again development.
    His famous "Christmas tree" muscle sample turned the symbol of elite conditioning, showcasing deep cuts and striations in his decrease back.

    Wolf’s technique was to emphasize excessive
    repetitions to carve out the width and element that made his back so recognizable.
    Wheeler had a background in martial arts, which contributed to his distinctive flexibility and muscle control.

    This background allowed him to attain good posing and greater management
    over his physique on stage. His philosophy was to coach smarter, not longer, avoiding unnecessary quantity to forestall overtraining and injury.

    With unimaginable width and deep muscle separation, this pose grew to become a staple in his competition arsenal.

    A powerful, sculpted again is the ultimate sign of strength
    and dominance in bodybuilding. Your again includes several critical muscular tissues, they usually all deserve your consideration if you would like to build width, thickness,
    and strength. That stated, in this part, I’ll boil down that
    lengthy list of muscular tissues to individuals who are arguably crucial.

    This program writing philosophy is based on one thing known as
    the Pareto Precept, or the 80/20 rule as it’s often known. This
    rule states that you just get 80% of your outcomes from 20% of
    your effort. In short, more workouts or longer workouts don't present substantially better outcomes.


    Strengthening this muscle provides to the thickness and definition of
    the entrance and sides of the neck. Constructing a thick neck is about
    understanding which muscles are uncared for, what they do (in phrases of function), the most secure way to
    practice them, and the way much you need to practice them to see outcomes.
    What do you consider gaining muscle as an individual with small bones, and how does it have
    an effect on your workouts? From a rigidity standpoint, the first half of the movement is dominated by the glutes and hamstrings.
    As the bar comes over the knees and you want to pull it into place, it is the hip extension that does so, with (once again) the back working in an isometric fashion.
    As a private coach with over three decades of experience, I’ve helped several athletes
    deliver up their decrease lats utilizing specific workout routines.
    This article lists five of the best lower lat strikes for
    building a dense, broad back. To get the rear delts fully shortened, you really need to go
    into shoulder extension, the place the elbow comes as far behind the physique as possible, with out
    the shoulder rolling ahead. A supinated (underhand) grip will lend itself to maintaining
    the arm path in close to the body, which can are most likely to bias the lats more.
    A impartial grip tends to do the identical, however may additionally be used to
    hit the teres a bit extra. An overhand grip disables the biceps and might irritate the forearm, elbow, and wrist.
    This once once more isolates the lats extra by removing a muscle that
    tries to assist.
    In all rows, you also want the shoulder blades to touch
    one another as you drive the elbows again. If the scapulae don’t come collectively,
    rest assured that you’re working principally biceps and rear
    delts. It’s a simple concept that you have to take to coronary heart and put into practice at every back exercise.
    This hybrid movement combines the benefits of a
    deadlift with a rowing movement to maximise
    both back thickness and total posterior chain improvement.


    Set an incline bench to around 45 levels, position yourself face down with your chest on the bench, and grasp a barbell using an underhand grip.
    Set the cable machine to a low position, decide up the handles, and stand a
    few steps back. Sustaining a slight bend in your knees and hinging at your hips,
    maintain your back straight as you pull the handles in direction of you, squeezing your shoulder blades together at the peak of the motion. This move may be extra width-first in your mind but after the
    heavy work early within the workout, these pulldowns will assist to complete off
    your lats and flush them full of blood. To get somewhat additional depth-building "kick," give consideration to making an attempt to pull your elbows back
    and up at the backside.
    You work the same muscular tissues at the endpoints however at weaker lengths and in positions that
    might harm the joints. Some vary of motion does seem
    important though to allow unfavorable work and different results revealed when examining forms of muscle contraction. This
    calls into query the need for many workouts to develop the higher again. Shoulder despair, which occurs on vertical
    pulls, subtracts or lessens the contribution from many of those muscular tissues however nonetheless includes the latissimus dorsi.
    The lower complete contribution isolates the lats
    more so, with isolation all the time leading to issues.

    It does require a larger range of movement for them, but this isn't essentially an excellent thing.

    Roelly’s signature pose is his rear lat spread, the place his back’s incredible thickness and width are showcased, making his physique
    overwhelming in any lineup. Bannout’s signature pose was
    his "Christmas tree" decrease back, usually displayed in his rear lat spread or rear double biceps
    pose, where the intricate striations and element became his hallmark.
    Levrone’s focus on massive compound lifts helped him develop overall
    thickness and energy in his again.
    BACKDRAFTBeyond the beginner's stage, you should typically perform four lat workouts
    for 3 or 4 sets every. To maximize the stretch, some trainers stand on a block, barbell plates or
    a bench. We do not advocate standing on a bench; that is doubtlessly
    harmful and the act of balancing can hinder your efficiency.

    It might have fallen out of fashion a bit, and the ribcage growth part is
    questionable, but it’s an excellent finisher in your bodybuilding back
    exercise. The latter lets you create a large overload with heavy weights, while rowing a dumbbell one facet
    at a time makes it easier to ascertain a great mind-muscle connection and squeeze your lats.
    Use an overhand grip and bend at the hips to only
    above a 90-degree angle, leaning ahead until your higher body is barely above parallel
    to the ground. If you stand upright, you transfer more of the work to your upper again and
    traps.
    In common, chin ups are nice on your grip power because you must
    maintain onto the bar. The close grip additional improves that by activating your forearms and biceps extra.
    Levrone’s back had spectacular thickness, particularly through his traps
    and upper lats, however he additionally maintained a level of refinement and aesthetic
    appeal that made him stand out.
    Stand with your toes shoulder-width apart, hinge at
    the hips to decrease your torso while keeping your
    again straight, and pull the kettlebells towards your ribcage.
    By incorporating strikes just like the Dumbbell Mendacity Rear Delt Row into your health routine, you’re immediately addressing those rear deltoids that are crucial for maintaining shoulder
    health. If you’ve spent any time in the big boy facet of your fitness center, you already know that there
    are two huge pulling actions which may be completely ESSENTIAL for constructing a thick,
    cobra back. To optimize your again training, listen to your body’s alerts and adapt
    the remainder intervals in accordance with
    how fatigued your muscle tissue feel. By doing so, you'll be able to
    keep a excessive degree of performance all through your workout and achieve better results.
    Avoid excessive swinging or jerking actions to guarantee that the targeted muscles are properly engaged throughout the complete vary of movement.


    Folks often wonder what the angle of the torso should be during the barbell
    row. You can use the bar as a guide for finding an optimum torso angle and proper rowing range of movement.
    The supportive muscle teams have to be in the most secure and most secure position during movement execution.
    For this to occur you have to lock down the joints at angles where the
    antagonist muscle tissue would carry out a robust isometric
    position.
    Jay Cutler was known for his obsessive consideration to detail, not only in his coaching but additionally in his diet.
    He meticulously adjusted both aspects of his regimen regularly,
    aiming for constant enchancment and refinement of his
    again and total physique. His give attention to precision is one reason he remained
    aggressive for therefore many years.
    Carry Out one again workout per week, ideally on a Monday or Tuesday.
    You can perform a little light biceps work afterward, but you don't
    have to. They Will get plenty of work during your again exercise, after which once
    more later in the week.
    When not lecturing, training, researching, or writing, Patrick is busy
    enjoying the sunny climate of Cyprus, the place he has lived for the last 20-years.
    The deadlift is arguably the most efficient train you are in a place to do with
    a barbell. Certain, squats are known as the king of workout routines, but I imagine deadlifts
    deserve that royal title.

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