Ženy a viera v období rytierstva

V období rytierstva sa za odhalené cudzoložstvo ženám ukladali tresty podľa platného práva. Nevera muža nebola sprevádzaná žiadnou oficiálnou nevôľou. Proces pokresťančovania v strednej a severnej Európe prebiehal približne od 10-teho do 12-teho storočia.

stredoveka_rodina1121

Všade tam, kde prenikalo kresťanstvo (ruka v ruke s upevňovaním feudálnych vzťahov), udomácňovalo sa patriarchálne zriadenie - formovala sa nadvláda muža a žena sa postupne stávala väzenkyňou.
A hoci v ranom období stredoveku (v prípade majetnejších vrstiev) mohla žena získať určité vzdelanie a do istej miery disponovať so svojím majetkom, právne normy postupne stanovili jasne: ...nie je možné svedectvo ženy na súdnom jednaní; žena sama nemôže vlastniť majetok; pánom a ochrancom rodiny je muž, ktorému žena povinná je poslušnosťou...

Vydatá žena - práva a povinnosti

Vydajom sa žena dostala do manželovej rodiny a získala právo na výživu a dedičstvo po ňom. Tento nárok strácala v prípade nevery. Neverný manžel však právo na veno svojej ženy nestratil. Dozor nad celým majetkom patril jednoznačne mužovi, a hoci právo pripúšťalo existenciu oddeleného majetku, žena bez súhlasu svojho muža nemohla s majetkom nakladať.
Poddaní a mestská chudoba však podliehali podstatne jednoduchšiemu manželskému právu, a to podľa mestských či krajinských zvyklostí.

V období rytierstva (11. - 13. storočie) dochádza k opätovnému vyzdvihovaniu ľúbostného života a uznaniu individuálnej lásky - predovšetkým mimomanželskej. Žena bola síce aj naďalej predovšetkým stelesnením hriechu, ale mohla byť aj sväticou (čo malo dohru v mariánskom kulte). Možnú sväticu zvyčajne predstavovala nevydatá, bezdetná panna s "obdivuhodnými duševnými vlastnosťami" (podľa dobových predstáv).

Manželstvo

Keďže manželstvá vznikali predovšetkým z utilitárnych dôvodov (legitímny dedič, zachovanie alebo rozmnoženie majetku), individuálna láska sa realizovala najmä v mimomanželských vzťahoch. K tomuto javu prispela aj skutočnosť, že mnohé vydaté ženy žili dlhé roky celkom osamotené, pretože muži boli mimo domova - napríklad na vojenských výpravách. (V danom období tiež vznikol pás cudnosti.)
Za odhalené cudzoložstvo sa ženám ukladali tresty podľa platného práva. Ak sa však neverná žena správala diskrétne a nepoškodila povesť svojho muža, obyčajne jej bolo odpustené - povesť paroháča bola totiž väčšou potupou ako nevera samotná. Samozrejme, manželova nevera nebola sprevádzaná žiadnou oficiálnou nevôľou.

3 komentárov

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    Carry Out 4 sets of 10 to 12 reps, making this a superb alternative for
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    have restricted ankle mobility. Josh holds a Bachelor’s diploma in Exercise Physiology and Nutrition Science.
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    Analysis reveals that what quantity of units you
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    selected for you. Your adductors are muscle groups made up
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