Xenofóbia...

… strach z ľudí inej národností je v posledných rokoch veľmi aktuálny, majú to za následok zlé historické skúsenosti, extrémisticke prejavy alebo kriminalita.

refuges 18

Opodstatnený strach z cudzincov má staré korene, keď sa v okolí jaskyne pravekých ľudí začal objavovať neznámy neandrtálec, ktorý vyvolával obavy o korisť či ich samičky. Už vtedy fungovala logická ochrana, že najlepšia obrana je útok. V súčasnosti však tento strach o vlastné teritórium pred cudzincami je neopodstatnený. Týka sa to hlavne ľudí, ktorí sami neradi cestujú a cudzincov vnímajú v lepšom prípade ako rušivý prvok, v horšom prípade ako nepriateľov.

Na vine je sebavedomie

Ako sme spomenuli na vine bude malé sebavedomie jednotlivca a národa, čo je v našom teritóriu logickým dôsledkom, nakoľko sme neboli dlhé obdobie štátotvorný. Vždy sme boli súčasťou nejakého kráľovstva, monarchie alebo spoločného štátu. Na druhej strane sebavedomie národa vzniká a ovplyvňuje sebavedomie jednotlivca. 
Sebavedomie jednotlivca spočíva aj v tom, že chápe národnostné odlišnosti vo zvykoch, návykoch a rešpektuje ich. Ešte stále staršia a stredná generácia má problémy s komunikáciou v cudzom jazyku a to tiež podporuje malé sebavedomie. Národy, ktoré hovoria angličtinou alebo nemčinou, až taký problém so xenofóbiou nemajú.

V kolektíve je sila

Pocit, že nieste sám, ale ste súčasťou skupiny, vyvoláva uspokojenie. Zároveň súznenie v spoločných názoroch sa môže prejaviť vo vyčleňovaní na „my“ a „oni“. Nie raz dochádza ku kolektívnej demagógii v negatívnych názoroch na cudzincov, len z toho dôvodu že sú neznámi. Ide o tzv. kolektívnu stratégiu, ktorá dokáže národy zmiasť a vyústiť do nacionalistických vojen ako to bolo v bývalej Juhoslávii. Jedinou obranou proti týmto nezmysleným krokom je spoznať druhú stranu.

Recept na xenofóbiu

V prvom rade je potrebná odvaha si uvedomiť, že tu tento problém existuje a je potrebné spoznávať „nepriateľov“. Najlepšie sa to dosiahne cestovaním a spoznávaním ich zvyklostí. Súčasne sa aj sebavedomie jednotlivca posilní, pretože je nútený pravidelne komunikovať v zahraničí a jeho jazykové schopnosti sú lepšie. Akonáhle sa dostane do pozície cudzinca a naokolo vidí príjemných ľudí, potvrdí sa, že hodnotiace klišé na daný národ je nepravdivý. Ak budete zdravo sebavedomí, váš strach pominie a nastúpi pokoj aj vo vašom okolí.

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