Dirigentka

Napriek dobe a stále intenzívnejším kontaktom so svetom sú na malom Slovensku mnohé bežné veci vnímané ako neobvyklé...

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...Napríklad, že žena sa rozhodne pre povolanie dirigentky. Dirigenta si vie totiž predstaviť asi každý, dirigentku však málokto; a čo je podstatou tejto profesie, to vedia iba zasvätení...

Jednou z tých žien, ktoré sa (podľa slovenských meradiel) rozhodli pre nezvyčajné povolanie, je pani Renáta Štubniaková - dirigentka špecializujúca sa na zborové dirigovanie.

femme: Ako sa človek môže stať dirigentom?
R. Štubniaková: Predovšetkým treba mať hudobné nadanie a od detstva ho rozvíjať. Potom je nutné zvoliť si vhodnú školu... Pokiaľ ide o mňa, študovala som konzervatórium - klavír a spev - neskôr som v štúdiu pokračovala na VŠMU, konkrétne odbor zborového dirigovania. Dnes však majú záujemcovia o dirigovanie k dispozícii aj rôzne kurzy, ktoré vedú skúsení dirigenti; dajú sa v nich naučiť základy dirigentskej techniky. Podmienkou je dokonalá znalosť hry na klavír - je to základ štúdia harmónie, zborového či orchestrálneho repertoáru.

femme: Prečo ste si vybrali štúdium zborového dirigovania a nie dirigovania orchestra?
R. Štubniaková: Spôsobila to skutočnosť, že pred rozhodovaním som už mala určité skúsenosti s dirigovaním speváckeho zboru; okrem toho ženy inklinujú viac k dirigovaniu hlasov ako nástrojov...

femme: Dirigent je niečo ako manažér tónov...
R. Štubniaková: Áno, dirigent musí počuť všetko... Pri študovaní partitúry si predstavuje ako znie celé teleso a celú skladbu si dôkladne premyslí. Abecedou dirigenta je teda sluchová analýza. Dirigent musí mať vždy jasnú predstavu o celej skladbe - uvažuje a ukazuje o dobu (takt) dopredu. Dirigovanie nie je žiadna pantomíma.

femme: Aké vlastnosti má mať úspešný dirigent alebo dirigentka?
R. Štubniaková: Dirigent, či už je to žena alebo muž, musí byť predovšetkým výraznou osobnosťou, ktorú ľudia nasledujú; musí byť schopný viesť kolektív ďalších hudobníkov. Nemôže mu chýbať precíznosť a flexibilita - schopnosť pružne reagovať na nepredvídateľné situácie tak, aby odohraná skladba vyznela vždy kompaktne, hoci sa počas nej "hasil požiar"...

femme: Čo je podľa vás na profesii dirigentky najťažšie, a čo najkrajšie?
R. Štubniaková: Najťažšie je vedieť "spievať a hrať za všetkých" a zorganizovať ich tak, aby sa "nerozutekali" na všetky strany. (Dirigent vie väčšinou hrať na všetkých nástrojoch tvoriacich orchester a dokonale pozná ich ladenie.) Najkrajší je samozrejme pocit z dobre prevedenej skladby.

femme: Ako má byť žena-dirigent oblečená?
R. Štubniaková: Dirigentka nemusí mať oblečený známy "dirigentský" frak, ale môže si vybrať medzi čiernym nohavicovým kostýmom, dámskym smokingom a dlhšími tmavými šatami. Veľká nápadná toaleta je úplne nevhodná.

femme: Povolanie dirigentky je v našich pomeroch ojedinelé; uplatnili ste sa v praxi podľa svojich predstáv?
R. Štubniaková: Mala som veľmi zaujímavú pracovnú ponuku (od pani dirigentky Eleny Šarayovej - Kováčovej), ktorú si nesmierne vážim, ale nemohla som ju využiť. Som matka dvoch malých detí, a tak som volila kompromis: na gymnáziu Alkana učím spev a v súkromnej hudobnej škole mám na starosti výchovu prípravného zboru. Ale k dirigovaniu dospelých sa chcem neskôr vrátiť. Prax zatiaľ ukazuje, že tí, čo dirigovať vedia a chcú, nájdu uplatnenie aj na takom malom trhu, ako je náš. Ostatní, pre ktorých by bolo dirigovanie príliš náročnou profesiou, sa zvyčajne už od skončenia štúdia venujú niečomu inému.

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