Nedostatok spánku môže aj zabiť. Môže vám pomôcť melatonín?

Napísal Kristína Chudá 16. august 2024

Možno už ste o ňom počuli – o hormóne melatonínu, ktorý si pri správnom fungovaní telo dokáže vyrobiť samo. Tento hormón ovplyvňuje kvalitu spánku, regeneráciu tela, je preukázaná súvislosť medzi jeho nedostatkom a zvýšeným rizikom rakoviny.

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Ak máte problém so spánkom, môžete si ho kúpiť v lekárni. Je ale jeho dlhodobé používanie bezpečné?

Všetci vieme, že väčšina ľudí potrebuje spať osem hodín denne, iba málo dospelých si to však vie pravidelne dopriať. Až 30 percent dospelých trápia poruchy spánku, ďalší ľudia spia pravidelne menej ako 6 hodín denne, pretože im spánok nepríde taký dôležitý alebo majú veľké množstvo úloh, ktoré musia zvládnuť. Málokto ale vie, že so spánkom nám môže pomôcť práve melatonín.

Nedostatok melatonínu súvisí so vznikom rakoviny

Nedostatok spánku nášmu telu škodí, pretože počas neho sa v tele deje mnoho potrebných procesov, jedným z nich je potom tvorba hormónu melatonínu. Tento hormón sa podieľa na koordinácii denných rytmov a spánku. Jeho stúpajúca hladina podporuje spánok, preto hladina narastá večer (pri slabom osvetlení). Tvorba melatonínu kulminuje po polnoci a do rána postupne klesá. Nedostatok hormónu spôsobuje nespavosť. Okrem toho tento hormón pomáha pri každodennej regenerácii tela, vychytáva voľné radikály, a dokonca pôsobí proti zvrhávajúcim sa bunkám, je to najúčinnejší antioxidant v ľudskom tele. Súvislosť medzi nedostatkom melatonínu a zvýšeným rizikom rakoviny je už podložená niekoľkými výskumami.

Melatonín ako doplnok stravy

Melatonín sa tvorí v časti mozgu zvanej epifýza, ale jeho tvorba je veľmi citlivá. Mozog potrebuje tmu, aby sa melatonín tvoril, a stačí malý lúč svetla a proces je narušený. Tiež neustále umelé osvetlenie a svetelné znečistenie spôsobujú, že je v mozgu melatonínu málo, človek nie je unavený, nechce sa mu do postele, a potom spí menej, než by v skutočnosti potreboval.

Je však riešením užívať melatonín vo forme potravinového doplnku? Mozog normálne vyrába len veľmi malé množstvo melatonínu – okolo 0,2 miligramu. Doplnky ale obvykle obsahujú vyššie dávky. Môžu tak byť užitočné napríklad pri liečbe porúch spánku a nespavosti.

Podľa neho melatonín v tabletkách upokojuje a pomáha upokojiť myšlienky. Melatonín tiež môže skrátiť dobu zaspávania aj predĺžiť dobu hlbšieho spánku. Ďalšia vedecká štúdia zistila, že melatonín napomáha obnove cyklu spánku a bdenia, ďalšie výskumy naznačujú, že melatonín zmierňuje úzkosť.

Najlepší melatonín

Na trhu je však veľký rad doplnkov a sú medzi nimi rozdiely v kvalite. Ak sa rozhodnete melatonín vyskúšať, dobre si prečítajte etiketu, aby ste sa uistili, že užívate čistý melatonín a nie melatonín v zmesi ďalších látok.

U pravidelných užívateľov sa môžu objaviť nežiaduce účinky, medzi ktoré patrí zvýšené snívanie, nočné mory alebo ranná ospalosť. Pokiaľ vás tieto nežiaduce účinky obťažujú, mali by ste užívať nižšie dávky hormónu, teda 1 až 3 miligramy.

Melatonín nemožno odporučiť počas tehotenstva a dojčenia, pri autoimunitných poruchách, záchvatoch alebo pri depresii. Ak máte cukrovku alebo vysoký krvný tlak, poraďte sa pred užitím so svojím lekárom.

Nedostatok spánku škodí telu aj mozgu

Prečo je spánok taký dôležitý? V priebehu noci sa u človeka striedajú dve fázy spánku – NREM a REM. Vo fáze NREM odpočíva telo, vo fáze REM potom predovšetkým mozog. Tieto dve fázy sa za noc vystriedajú zhruba 4 až 6-krát. Nedostatok času na spánok aj prebúdzanie sa v noci tento proces narúšajú.

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