Rozhovor s MUDr. Martou Hájkovou na aktuálnu tému – transplantácia pľúc

Napísal Miroslava Kysucká 30. december 2022

O rozhovor na túto tému sme požiadali MUDr. Martu Hájkovú CSc., MPH , hlavnú odborníčku MZ SR pre odbor Pneumológia a ftizeológia. Pôsobí na Klinike pneumológie, ftizeológie LF UK a UNB ako prednostka kliniky. 

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MUDr. Martu Hájkovú CSc., MPH , hlavná odborníčka MZ SR pre odbor Pneumológia a ftizeológia

Zároveň ako  vedúca Centra pre predtransplantačnú prípravu a potransplantačnú starostlivosť o pacientov vyžadujúcich transplantáciu pľúc. Vlastne sme výber témy na tento rozhovor nechali na ňu, pretože sme chceli aby vybrala niečo aktuálne, nejaký horúci zemiak o ktorom by podľa nej verejnosť mala vedieť. Nakoniec ten zemiak vôbec nebol horúci, naopak,  prekvapil nás pozitívny náboj celého rozhovoru. Už sme tak nejak zvyknutí, že v súvislosti s našim zdravotníctvom  sa málokedy spomína niečo, na čo by sme boli hrdí.

Upozorňujeme, že článok je veľmi priamočiary a úprimný, naschvál sme v ňom nechali aj niektoré nie veľmi príjemné detaily, ktoré citlivé povahy možno znepokoja. Ale to preto, lebo veríme, že pacient má právo vedieť a vidieť veci reálne, tak ako sú, aj keď sú kontroverzné a tak trochu surové. Na konci je predsa zachránený ľudský život.

Téma transplantácie pľúc a hlavne indikovanie pacientov s IPF (idiopatická pľúcna fibróza) je u nás skutočne výnimočné. Na pacientov s IPF sa v celoeurópskom merítku totiž trochu pozabúda. Je to vzácne nevyliečiteľné ochorenie, pri ktorom sa postupne zjazvujú pľúca, prestávajú plniť svoju funkciu a títo pacienti majú problém dostať sa k inovatívnej liečbe.  Pomerne málo je ich v okolitých krajinách indikovaných aj na transplantáciu pľúc. U nás je to inak a upozornila nás na to práve MUDr. Marta Hájková.

Čo vás viedlo k výberu tejto témy?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Túto tému som vybrala preto, že situácia u nás je vzhľadom na okolité krajiny pre Slovensko veľmi pozitívna pre pacientov s rôznymi formami pľúcnej fibrózy, vrátane IPF (idiopatická  znamená, že nevieme príčinu vzniku ochorenia). Slovensko je totiž  zo susedných krajín na prvom mieste v transplantácii pľúc pri pľúcnych fibrózach. Napríklad Česi majú na prvom mieste transplantáciu pľúc pri chronickej obštrukčnej chorobe pľúc (CHOCHP). Podobne je na tom aj Viedeň. Ale u nás, na Slovensku, z nášho portfólia slovenských pacientov, figurujú na prvom mieste v transplantáciách pľúcne fibrózy a medzi nimi aj idiopatická pľúcna fibróza (IPF).

To je to, čo nás odlišuje od iných krajín.  Znamená to, že  naši pneumológovia správne a včas indikujú pacientov s pľúcnymi fibrózami na transplantáciu pľúc. Keby sme to chceli vyjadriť percentuálne, zhruba 50% transplantovaných pacientov tvoria pacienti s pľúcnou fibrózou (vrátane IPF), pľúcna artériová hypertenzia tvorí asi 22%,  približne 12% sú pacienti  s cystickou fibrózou, CHOCHP (chronická obštrukčná choroba pľúc) tvorí zhruba 6% transplantácií a iné diagnózy 10%.

Aké sú teda ďalšie diagnózy, pri ktorých  sa indikuje transplantácia pľúc? Kde sa samotný zákrok potom vykonáva?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Ako som už povedala, na prvom mieste u nás sú indikovaní na transplantáciu pľúc  pacienti s pľúcnou fibrózou, vrátane IPF. Na druhom mieste je pľúcna artériová hypertenzia a na treťom mieste je cystická fibróza.

Od roku 1998 podstúpilo transplantáciu pľúc 95 slovenských pacientov. Ale samotná transplantácia sa nevykonáva na Slovensku. Nemáme transplantačné centrum, pretože bohužiaľ nemáme peniaze na materiálno – technické vybavenie a nemáme na to ani určenú nemocnicu. Celú predtransplantačnú prípravu  robí nemocnica Ružinov ako jediné pracovisko pre celé Slovensko, ale samotný výkon transplantácie sme od roku 1998 do marca roku 2018  robili vo Viedni. 

Našich pacientov sme sanitkou odviezli do Viedne do AKH, tam sme ich odprezentovali a  na základe našej indikácie vo väčšine prípadov tento výkon zindikovali aj oni a aj ich  tam  transplantovali.  Neskôr nás z kapacitných dôvodov požiadali, aby sme so spoluprácou oslovili Prahu . A od roku 2018 dodnes sa naši pacienti transplantujú tam.

My na Slovensku týchto pacientov vyhľadávame, robíme všetky predtransplantačné vyšetrenia, potom online komunikujeme s Prahou a keď ich Praha schváli a dá na čakací list, čaká sa na vhodného darcu.  Keď sa nájde, zabezpečujeme dopravu do  nemocnice v Prahe, kde prebehne samotná transplantácia. Prvý rok následné pooperačné kontroly prebiehajú ešte tam, neskôr už u nás v Ružinove.

Ako dlho sa približne čaká na transplantáciu?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Je to veľmi individuálne. Priemerná dĺžka momentálne je 264 dní. Ale u niekoho to môže byť mesiac a niekto  čaká rok a pol. 

Ako vyberáte pacientov , ktorým môžu byť transplantované pľúca?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: My ich nevyberáme. Posielajú ich naši kolegovia pneumológovia, pretože ako hovorím,  my v Ružinove robíme prípravu pacientov na transplantáciu pre celé Slovensko. To znamená, že ak oni zistia, že niektorý ich pacient  už nereaguje na liečbu, väčšinou nám napíšu mail alebo zavolajú, že majú vhodného pacienta na transplantáciu. Musí to ale byť až keď daný lekár naozaj vyčerpal všetky iné možnosti a zároveň pacient spĺňa všetky ostatné podmienky pre transplantáciu.

Ale nie sú to len pľúcni lekári.  Aj kardiológovia nás kontaktujú, pretože spomínanú druhú najčastejšie indikovanú diagnózu – pľúcnu artériovú hypertenziu - indikujú kardiológovia. Naopak    pľúcnu fibrózu , cystickú fibrózu a ďalsie pľúcne ochorenia indikujú pneumológovia.

Následne vyplnia špeciálne tlačivo  – „Návrh na indikáciu tranplantácie pľúc“.  Je to takzvaný vstupný formulár, kde lekár uvedie vek pacienta, diagnózu, výsledky určitých vyšetrení a tak ďalej. My v Ružinove v Centre pre predtransplantačnú prípravu a potransplantačnú starostlivosť formulár preštudujeme a rozhodneme, čo ďalej. Buď ho odmietneme s odôvodnením, ak už napríklad pacient nie je fyzicky zdatný –  má nadváhu alebo podváhu,  alebo neprejde už určitú minimálnu vzdialenosť  (300-350m).

Alebo, ak sa nám podľa formulára zdá, že je to vhodný kandidát, tak ho ešte pozveme k nám do transplantačného centra v Ružinove , aby sme ho videli osobne. Ak je všetko v poriadku, schválime ho.

Aké kritériá musia pacienti pred transplantáciou spĺňat?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Jednou z podmienok toho, aby bol pacient odporučený na transplantáciu pľúc je aj to,  že nesmie fajčiť,   musí mať už  predpísaný kyslík na doma, ďalej kontrolujeme   v akom stave je jeho srdce, čiže absolvuje kardiologické vyšetrenie. A nakoniec  zisťujeme v akom stave sú jeho kosti, pretože pri tejto operácii sa hrudník úplne otvára, doslova sa pília kosti, takže kandidát na transplantáciu nemôže mať  ťažkú poruchu kostnej štruktúry.

Do akej vekovej kategórie najčastejšie patria transplantovaní pacienti?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Vekový priemer pacientov schválených na transplantáciu pľúc je 43 rokov, ale už sme  indikovali aj 14 ročné dieťa, aj 65 ročného dospelého.  Pri cystickej fibróze, ktorá je vrodená, sa najmladšie ročníky indikované na transplantáciu  bežne pohybujú okolo 25. roku života. Pri diagnóze pľúcnej fibrózy, ktorá sa získava až počas života, je to okolo 50 rokov.

Kto sú darcovia?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Existovala taká fáma, že najčastejšími darcami sú motorkári, ale to už nie je pravda. Odkedy majú kvalitné helmy, tak pri úrazoch a nehodách ich mozog väčšinou nie je tak poškodený. Poškodené je telo a orgány v ňom, ktoré nie sú chránené. Momentálne sú darcami najčastejšie samovrahovia alebo stavy po krvácaní do mozgu (z akejkoľvek príčiny) .

Musí sa pacient nejak špeciálne  pripravovať na zákrok?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: To záleží od toho, čo potrebujeme pred operáciou ešte dokorigovať. Hlavne pri tej podváhe  (pod 18 BMI) sa  snažíme navýšiť pacientovu telesnú hmotnosť úpravou jedálnička. Máme na to svoje postupy a systémy ako to dosiahnuť.

Naopak u pacientov s nadváhou je často príčina tá,  že užívajú kortikoidy kvôli svojej základnej diagnóze, takže im tiež upravujeme jedálniček a pohybovú aktivitu. Pacientom, ktorí prejdú iba krátku vzdialenosť zas upravujeme liečbu tak, aby sa im zlepšili pľúcne funkcie natoľko, aby dosiahli optimálny šesť minútový test chôdze (za 6 minúť musia  dokázať prejsť  300 až 350 metrov).

Samozrejme, to je veľmi individuálne a niekedy nám zoberú na transplantáciu v Prahe aj pacientov, ktorí prejdú iba 250 metrov. Takže tie podmienky nie sú čiernobiele, existuje aj takzvaná šedá zóna. Ak majú kardiologický problém, upravujeme liečbu v spolupráci s kardiológom.

Ďalej pacient musí mať odbornú psychologickú prípravu.  My v Ružinove máme vlastnú psychologičku,  ktorá funguje len pre pľúcne kliniky a teda  samozrejme aj pre transplantačné centrum, kde hrá kľúčovú úlohu.

Nie každý sa totiž vie   zmieriť s tým, alebo jednoducho nie každý chce nosiť cudzí orgán v tele. A je tu aj otázka etiky - nie každý chce nosiť v tele orgán človeka, ktorý napríklad nejak tragicky zahynul. 

Ale zasa, ten zákrok  pacientovi podstatne predĺži život a aj zlepší kvalitu života. Niektorí sa môžu vrátiť do práce, aj keď možno iba na čiastočný úväzok, ale jednoducho sa opäť zaradia do normálneho života.

No a nakoniec je tu očkovanie. Pacienti musia byť povinne zaočkovaní proti chrípke, pneumokokom a Covidu 19 – to je úplný základ. V Prahe jednoducho netransplantujú pacientov, ktorí neabsolvujú proticovidové očkovanie a podľa môjho názoru je to tak správne.

Prečo je to tak? Prečo je to dôležité?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Pacient dostane nové, zdravé pľúca. Ale môže sa nakaziť vírusom Covid 19 už  aj v nemocnici, alebo potom veľmi rýchlo aj doma od rodinných príslušníkov. Čiže aj tie zdravé pľúca treba chrániť. A transplantačné centrá ich radšej dajú niekomu, kto je čo najviac chránený. Väčšina pacientov je dokonca očkovaná aj proti tuberkulóze. Vlastne sa snažia čo najviac zabezpečiť úspešnosť transplantácie,  aby pacient ktorý tie pľúca dostane, ich v zdraví užíval čo najdlhšie.

Aká je teda úspešnosť alebo môže sa to aj nepodariť?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Viete čo, môže sa to aj nepodariť, ale tá šanca  je minimálna.  Najpresnejšie dáta máme z Viedne a teda podľa nich päť ročné prežitie bolo u 67 % pacientov a najdlhšie žijúceho pacienta máme 14 rokov po transplantácii (znamená, že stále žije). V Prahe transplantujeme  len veľmi krátko čiže tam máme vyhodnotené len jednoročné prežitie a to je u 94% pacientov (znamená, že 94% pacientov prežije prvý rok a žije ďalej).

Táto operácia je skutočne zázrak, pretože do Prahy nám odchádza  pacient s doslova modrými perami,  prstami a lícami a vráti  sa nám ružový pacient ktorý nepotrebuje dýchať  kyslík.

Predpokladáme, že napriek tomu má transplantácia pľúc  aj nejaké riziká...

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Samozrejme, ako pri každej operácii, aj tu musíme pacientovi objasniť aj to, že operácia so sebou nesie riziko, že sa to nepodarí. Lebo je to zásadný zákrok a zásah do organizmu.  Na druhej strane  čísla hovoria, že by sa to malo podariť.

Keďže pacient vie, že ide do rizika musí podpísať informovaný súhlas. Medzi najväčšie patrí riziko krvácania, riziko odvrhnutia štepu, teda toho darovaného orgánu. Volá sa to  akútna rejekcia.  

Ale toto sú všetko veci, ktoré vieme zvládnuť. Je tu napríklad aj  riziko infekcie, ale na to máme antibiotiká a antivirotiká. Pri antibiotikách chcem povedať  to, že pacient, ktorý vykašliava a ktorý je kolonizovaný nejakou baktériou musí mať tú baktériu citlivú najmenej na 3 antibiotiká. Inak sa na transplantačnú listinu nedostane. Pretože ak u neho prepukne infekcia, my musíme dopredu vedieť ktorými antibiotikami ho môžeme liečiť, ktoré sú u neho úspešné. 

Sú do celého procesu transplantácie pľúc nejakým spôsobom zapojení aj rodinní príslušníci pacienta?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Samozrejme, oni sú garantom toho, že pacient má ich podporu psychickú ale aj fyzickú. Že sa budú oňho starať, minimálne tie prvé mesiace. Pacienta, ktorého rodina nejaví oňho záujem a nemieni sa oňho starať ani nemôžeme indikovať na transplantáciu.

Mali sme aj smutný prípad, keď rodičia mohli byť darcami jedného pľúcneho laloku pre svoje dieťa, ale odmietli. Pritom by stratu toho chýbajúceho laloku pravdepodobne ani neucítili, pretože jedna strana pľúc má tri laloky, druhá dva a po operácii by mali obe strany dospelého dva laloky. Dieťaťu by vzhľadom k jeho veľkosti stačil ten jeden. To je ale jeden z mála prípadov, ktorý so mnou emočne zamával.

 V podstate ide o  starostlivosť v prvé týždne alebo mesiace, ale nie je to sústavná ani náročná starostlivosť, iba aby bol poruke niekto, kto tomu človeku pomôže, pretože to je pre organizmus naozaj celkom náročný zákrok.

Musia im pomôcť hlavne s rehabilitáciou, navariť im, proste ako po každej operácii, kým sa pacientovi  rana zahojí.  Po tých dvoch – troch mesiacoch sú už väčšinou úplne samostatní.  Ale najdôležitejšie je, že keď sa niečo deje, má nás kto kontaktovať. Preto je podpora rodinných príslušníkov extrémne dôležitá, nielen pred, ale aj po transplantácii.  Nedávno sa nám vrátil z transplantácie z Prahy pacient už po troch týždňoch a už aj chodil a cvičil.

S akými problémami sa stretávate pri transplantáciách?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Tak ako všade vo svete, problémom je nedostatok orgánov. A keď nie sú orgány, nemôžeme transplantovať.  Dlhé čakacie doby sú ale aj kvôli kompatibilite. Pľúca musia spĺňať určité kritéria, aby ich  organizmus príjemcu neodvrhol. Momentálne máme na Slovensku už iba jednu pacientku na čakacej listine (jún 2022) a ešte  máme niekoľko rozvyšetrovaných pacientov. Občas sa ale stane aj to, že sa pacient nedožije transplantácie, je to zriedkavé, ale niekedy sa to stane. 

Je tento zákrok preplácaný poisťovňou?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Áno, je to plne hradené z poisťovne.

Je ešte niečo, čo by sa podľa vás mohlo zlepšiť? 

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Áno. Skoršia diagnostika a indikácia. Napr. pri idiopatickej pľúcnej fibróze. Týchto pacientov by sme mali vidieť v našich centrách už skôr, aby mali urobené určité základné vyšetrenia a aby sme ich mohli porovnať v priebehu času, to znamená zachytiť, ako rýchlo sa ich stav zhoršuje a kedy už ich treba začať pripravovať na transplantáciu.

No a potom je to ešte zvýšenie odberovej aktivity. To znamená, ako som už spomínala, že darcovia orgánov sú aj pacienti, ktorí zakrvácajú do mozgu a ležia na ÁRO. Lekári na tomto oddelení často už vedia, že ten pacient neprežije, že nastane mozgová smrť a dávajú takzvané echá koordinátorovi o potenciálnom darcovi. Potom sa ďalej sleduje vývoj tohoto pacienta, či to zvládne alebo nie. Akonáhle sa skonštatuje mozgová smrť, nastáva komunikácia s príbuznými, s rodinou. Je to veľmi krehká a citlivá téma a tie rozhovory sú mimoriadne emotívne samozrejme. Snažíme sa viesť rozhovor tak, aby pochopili, že napriek tej obrovskej tragédii, že ich príbuzný už tu nie je, môžu oni svojim rozhodnutím zachrániť až sedem ďalších životov.

Naozaj? Vysvetlíte to bližšie prosím? 

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Máme dvakrát pľúca, dvakrát obličky, jedno srdce, pečeň  a niekedy aj pankreas. No a potom sú tu aj kosti, koža... jeden človek dokáže toho darovať iným naozaj veľa v takejto situácii. Čiže keď príde echo, počítač už vyhodnocuje vhodných príjemcov takýchto orgánov a keď je konštatovaná u potenciálneho darcu mozgová smrť, robia sa už aj takzvané predtransplantačné vyšetrenia. Mozgová smrť znamená, že ten človek už funguje iba na prístrojoch.  Mozog už nepracuje, ale za srdce a pľúca pracujú prístroje. Ten pacient je už vlastne mŕtvy.

Na Slovensku máme taký zákon, že kto počas svojho života vyslovene v záveti alebo v nejakom vyhlásení neodmietne, aby sa jeho orgány využili na transplantáciu, je potenciálnym darcom. My ale takto v praxi nepostupujeme, konzultujeme takéto rozhodnutie s príbuznými a keď tak odoberieme orgány len s ich súhlasom.

Akú máte víziu do budúcnosti?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Našou víziou je samozrejme robiť transplantácie na Slovensku, aj keď to pravdepodobne ešte potrvá minimálne ďalších desať rokov. Sme ale veľmi zo srdca vďační za spoluprácu v minulosti s Viedňou a teraz za nadštandardnú spoluprácu s našimi pražskými kolegami. Tá spolupráca je skutočne vynikajúca. V tomto smere sú to  stále naši bratia.

Vidíte  v transplantáciách budúcnosť a riešenie pre pacientov s vážnymi ochoreniami pľúc ako sú pľúcna fibróza a ostatné spomínané?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Viete, my vlastne ideálne nechceme tých pacientov transplantovať, pretože je to obrovský zásah do organizmu a má svoje riziká. Transplantácia je riešením pre pacientov, u ktorých boli skutočne vyčerpané všetky iné možnosti.  Ale napríklad u IPF (idiopatickej plúcnej fibróze)  to tak nie je, indikujeme aj pacientov, ktorí sa jednoducho nedostanú k existujúcej liečbe, pretože im ju neschvália poisťovne.

To znamená, že keby sa k tej liečbe dostali, mohli by sa vyhnúť transplantácii?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Mohli by sa vyhnúť transplantácii, respektíve, mohli by žiť niekoľko rokov bez toho, aby tam vzniklo riziko transplantácie. Existuje taký termín „premostenie k transplantácii“. Idiopatická pľúcna fibróza je totiž ochorenie, ktoré sa časom zhoršuje , progreduje a dané lieky ho dokážu výrazne spomaliť, čiže ten človek môže dlho relatívne plnohodnotne fungovať. Má svoju rodinu, prácu, aktivity.  A my by sme chceli, aby sa všetci pacienti, ktorí sú  indikovaní a spĺňajú kritériá, dostali v prvom rade  k účinnej inovatívnej  liečbe, nie k transplantácii. Poviem vám príklad:  u pacientov s cystickou fibrózou  existuje inovatívna liečba, ktorú ale poisťovňa na rozdiel od IPF prepláca a tento rok sme dvoch pacientov už  vyradili z čakacej listiny na transplantáciu, pretože sa ich klinický stav vďaka inovatívnej liečbe zlepšil natoľko, že už nepotrebujú v blízkom čase transplantáciu.

Prečo  podľa vás poisťovne túto liečbu často nepreplácajú?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Je veľmi drahá. Viete, my do tých poisťovní chodíme často  sami a píšeme výnimky, skúšame to znova a znova a ja ako hlavná odborníčka a pár  krajských odborníkov sa snažíme, lobujeme, bojujeme, ale je to katastrofa, nedostaneme sa k tej liečbe. Tak ako sa určití onko pacienti nedostanú k onkologikám, tak sa my nevieme dostať k tejto inovatívnej liečbe pľúcnych fibróz.  Ale nevzdávame sa, píšeme výnimky a žiadame o to znovu a znovu a uvedomujeme si, že ich tým asi aj trochu hneváme, ale my proste nemáme inú voľbu. Nenecháme predsa len tak  zomrieť pacienta...

Pacientom sa občas zdá, že za nich lekári bojujú v takýchto prípadoch málo. Ako to vidíte vy?

MUDr. Marta Hájková: Nie, u nás je to tak, že my máme centrá idiopatickej pľúcnej fibrózy, kde sa títo pacienti dispenzarizujú  a je ich sedem. A tam vám garantujem, že každý lekár za toho svojho pacienta bojuje a píše žiadosti  o schválenie liečby  a o výnimky stále dokola.  Tieto centrá sa nachádzajú v mestách Bratislava, Nitra, nové centrum Levice, Banská Bystrica, Martin Košice, Vyšné Hágy.

Ďakujeme za rozhovor.

Rozhovor s MUDR. Hájkovou spracovala Miroslava Kysucká, agentúra Accelerate.

16 komentárov

  • Komentár intalnirisecrete.ro %AM, %16 %293 %2025 %06:%apr napísal intalnirisecrete.ro

    Whether you may be aiming for muscle definition, a leaner physique, boosted strength, or even weight reduction, Oxandrolone’s low
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    Due to the potential threat of virilization effects,
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    Anavar is a potent anabolic steroid and isn't really helpful for newbies.

    Anavar (Var, Var 15) was first developed in 1962
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    Anavar, or Oxandrolone, is a strong synthetic anabolic steroid derived from dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
    It primarily promotes muscle development and increased power,
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    It is a light steroid that produces fewer unwanted side
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    drug that should be used with caution. Trenbolone is exclusive within the sense that it’s a dry compound,
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    For most girls this is usually a huge mistake, as Winstrol is
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    Men using Anavar might experience a number of particular side effects related to their hormonal steadiness and reproductive well
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    In conclusion, when contemplating the decision to buy Anavar,
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    Anavar can supply important advantages corresponding to increased muscle mass,
    improved power, and enhanced athletic performance.


    Assuming you are terrified of unwanted facet effects and simply looking for a energy enhance along
    with minimum bulk, then Anavar is actually a great drug to try.
    Even nonetheless, do not neglect to do your research
    and run a good PCT after an Anavar cycle. Including to
    the Anavar women topic, this drug is nice for feminine athletes in search of an edge.

    Considering the excellent strength and muscle positive aspects that var offers to women, athletes will actually respect
    it. Unfortunately, collegiate and professional sports
    activities leagues do not exactly endorse Anavar for ladies,
    so taking it is actually risky for drug-tested athletes.
    That Is as a end result of, like many oral steroids, this drug begins producing results within the first week or two.

    And with the best training, you must discover
    a change in your physique within every week.
    The primary causes of Dianabol’s cardiotoxicity are water retention and the stimulation of the hepatic lipase enzyme within the liver.
    We have discovered Anavar’s hepatic effects
    to be much less poisonous compared to different oral steroids, based mostly on our liver
    perform check (LFT) results. Thus, our patients make the most of Nolvadex and Clomid after this stack
    to resurrect testosterone ranges (without the addition of hCG).
    Winstrol doesn't have a excessive androgenic
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    When your power ranges are excessive, you've extra power and endurance to
    push your self harder and longer during a exercise or competitors.
    Whereas it isn't as potent as a variety of the different steroids on the market, it is a lot safer and has
    fewer side effects. Navigating the world of Anavar dosages as a beginner
    could appear daunting, however with the right data, you can set your self
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    of your physique's response are key. Equally, if you are an older adult or
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    It may additionally be used by each sexes to interrupt by
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    It also means you’ll likely want to split your every day dosage into two administrations to
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    with no negative points. Anavar is not broadly known as a strength-enhancing steroid,
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    Although Anavar has a lesser threat of causing male traits, sticking to 5-10 mg daily is essential.

    Anavar can even trigger adverse results that may reduce well-being in users,
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    It’s actually no completely different than any other steroid by means
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    Anavar works properly to shed body fats and fine-tune muscle definition,
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    Consuming the right balance of macronutrients (proteins, fat, and carbs) and adopting a well-structured meal plan catalyzes your
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    As A End Result Of Dianabol considerably increases the chance
    of virilization, it is a downside for girls. As
    a outcome, exams are really helpful, and they can be bought
    cheaply on-line. As A Outcome Of of the increase in exogenous testosterone, ladies might become hornier while taking
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    Here are many components that may contribute to the formation of pimples, together with hormones, diet, stress, and certain drugs.
    All in all, I think sublingual administration has some nice
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    Like Anavar and Deca, Anavar and Dianabol is also a bit of a strange mixture
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    And whereas its muscle features will be extra modest when compared to
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    Anavar, on the opposite hand, is incapable of transforming a lady into a real-life
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    For instance, if you're figuring out four occasions per week – we suggest beginning with 20mg of Anavar per day.
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    and you're eating a calorie surplus food plan – we recommend beginning with 50mg of Anavar per day.

    Oral trenbolone is probably essentially the most harmful anabolic steroid we have
    come throughout, with the dangers being very high for
    most customers (psychologically and physiologically).
    Anavar cycles typically vary from 6 to eight weeks, and customers often follow
    a gradual dosage improve initially and a gradual decrease toward the end
    to reduce unwanted effects. Advanced customers could experiment with extra complicated
    cycles, but these ought to be approached with warning.

    This is a primary example, and changes may be necessary based in your individual response to the compounds
    and any potential side effects. It’s essential to monitor your health all through the cycle
    and consult with a healthcare professional to ensure
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    With very cautious doses (5 mg), it could be possible
    to avoid virilizing side effects; nevertheless, each girl
    could reply differently. Advanced customers can extend the length to 8 weeks;
    however, this is not advised. This stack will significantly improve muscle-building and strength outcomes in comparability
    with an Anavar-only cycle. Testosterone will produce vital will increase
    in muscle hypertrophy and power, therefore why it's referred to as a bulking
    steroid. Primarily Based on our observations, women usually engage in Anavar-only cycles,
    whereas males with prior steroid use are more inclined to combine Anavar with other substances.
    Using Anavar incorrectly can harm your health, although it has
    many advantages.
    Var’s in high demand as a result of ladies take it as nicely
    as men (which can’t be stated about other steroids). Additionally
    people who are worried about steroid’s unwanted aspect effects are
    extra inclined to take anavar as the risks are decrease.
    If so, you might need come throughout the time period "Anavar cycle" in your research.

    Anavar, also called Oxandrolone, is a popular anabolic steroid that is
    commonly used for performance-enhancing purposes. It is thought for its capacity to advertise lean muscle mass and
    improve strength. However, it is necessary to note that Anavar is an artificial form of testosterone, a hormone that is naturally
    produced by the physique. Particular Person objectives additionally play a role in figuring out the
    dosage of testosterone. Some individuals might want to increase their
    testosterone ranges to enhance athletic efficiency or construct muscle
    mass.
    Anavar Dosage GuidelinesTo maximize the advantages and decrease potential
    risks, it's essential to adhere to applicable dosage
    guidelines when utilizing Anavar. The optimal dosage of Oxandrolone varies depending on an individual’s experience, goals, and tolerance stage.
    In conclusion, whereas stacking can skyrocket outcomes, it’s paramount to do not overlook that not all steroids make
    suitable companions for Anavar when chopping. By avoiding the more potent, water-retaining,
    or liver-toxic compounds, you guarantee a stack that works harmoniously in the path of your objective of
    a lean, well-defined physique. Testosterone, in all its forms, is
    another compound that must be used cautiously with Anavar, particularly in larger doses.

    Whereas it can be included in a cutting stack, sustaining low to average doses of testosterone could be preferrable to
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    cycle stays balanced.
    Whether taken orally or sublingually, Anavar can help athletes keep
    a lean and dry physique. However, stacking Anavar with other oral steroids like Dianabol ought to be done cautiously due to increased liver toxicity.
    When bulking, a slightly greater Anavar dosage is common, with men taking mg per day.

    Due to its versatility and relatively gentle side effects, Anavar
    has turn into in style for cutting cycles, first time
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    It doesn't suppress testosterone manufacturing as severely as different steroids.

    This permits customers to keep extra of their pure testosterone of
    their system. Usually, our patients’ liver enzymes
    regulate back to normal post-cycle.
    To get the best results from Anavar, it’s important to find the
    proper dosage. The right amount of medication is dependent upon factors
    like weight, expertise, and desired outcomes. Earlier Than combining
    Anavar with different supplements or drugs, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional or skilled.

    They can present steering primarily based in your particular circumstances and guarantee there aren't
    any potential interactions or contraindications. Nevertheless, when you expertise any
    abdomen discomfort or nausea when taking Anavar on an empty stomach,
    you probably can attempt taking it with a lightweight meal or
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    A take a look at can decide if Anavar is definitely
    current within the compound or not. There are
    additionally purity exams that can measure the dose of Anavar, thus telling you whether or not it’s true
    to the label or undercut. Anavar when used sensibly is not going to enhance clitoral measurement, however, it can increase clitoral sensitivity.
    Nevertheless, as a end result of Anavar burns visceral and subcutaneous fats stores
    in order to shed weight, a woman’s waist will
    turn out to be increasingly small.

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    They will also be more energetic if we select to have more elbow flexion, the place the elbows are
    placed in front of the bar. Of Us coping with shoulder issues can also make use of flooring presses
    in their coaching regimen to train their chest using a restricted range of movement.
    That said, you must get your doctor’s clearance earlier than beginning a new coaching program, particularly if you’re
    recovering from an harm. Floor presses are a safer different to heavy bench pressing because the ground limits your range of movement, significantly reducing stress on the shoulder joints.

    The closer you retain your higher arms to your side
    all through the lift, the extra you will engage
    your triceps. Strive these tips to get essentially the most benefit from the kettlebell
    floor press. At first look a easy exercise, the floor press is
    not as straightforward to perform as you may assume.

    The most secure and easiest is to do the floor press in or outside a power rack, where you'll have
    the ability to lift the bar from the J-hooks. I practice at house with free stands,
    where the spotters serve as barbell helps.
    If certainly one of my purchasers completely hated benching or didn’t feel
    ready to deal with it but, I would get them to
    do flooring presses until they were ready.
    To avoid banging your elbows, gradual the reps down and concentrate on controlling the weights.
    The flooring prevents you from bringing your elbows again behind your physique like you can with a bench
    press.
    If you wish to use the ground press to target
    more shoulders (and chest), ensure you hold your elbows directly
    stacked beneath the barbell. While the shoulder muscular tissues are fairly lively through
    the floor press, the shoulder joint doesn’t
    have a extensive range of movement to undergo.
    Because the ground press reduces the vary of motion to
    solely focus on the lockout portion, the triceps are highly lively in this variation.
    A third setup position includes feet on the floor with the hips extended into a
    bridge position. This variation allows the lifter to have
    interaction and work their glutes all through the enter-pressing movement.
    Usually, you will see the floor press performed with both foot on the ground or legs
    extended. Whereas we all know the hypertrophy diversifications are attainable under
    many rep ranges, the floor press tends to be performed
    at greater rep ranges. It can be typical to see this for the above-mentioned hypertrophy part, together
    with rep ranges of 8-12, for example. While the floor press is used to develop a
    stronger lockout, it could equally be used to interrupt by way of sticking
    factors in the mid-range of motion.
    It is taken into account a benchmark exercise to gauge higher
    physique power. Whereas you would possibly see some people do the
    ground press with their legs straight, I recommend having your legs bent and your feet flat
    on the floor. This will guarantee extra stability via
    your torso and make it simpler to carry your shoulder place.

    Your grip should be the identical that you use for the common bench press.
    The rhomboids and scapular stabilizers are responsible for
    stabilizing the kettlebell in the course of the flooring press.
    The flooring press is useful for enhancing scapular retraction and higher again engagement.

    The flooring press forces you to exert larger control levels than different bench press variations.
    The flooring chest press was included in my article on the Finest Bench Press Variations.
    Verify it out for more workouts to incorporate in your bench press
    programming. As a end result, your shoulders and triceps must work much
    more durable within the floor press than they usually would during a daily bench
    press. When doing the ground press be certain to lay on the ground with your legs extended, place
    your self beneath the weight, hold your elbows in, and have somebody spot you.

    If you sometimes avoid the bench press since you are worried about lower back pain,
    the ground press will present you with far more stability.

    A ground press is amongst the greatest methods
    to bulk up the muscular tissues in your arms, particularly your triceps.


    You may even improve muscular hypertrophy in your pecs,
    so your chest will look much more toned and strong. Floor presses
    are an extremely efficient method to improve your higher body energy shortly.
    This is as a result of the place you are in limits the elasticity of your
    muscle tissue. This means you're relying nearly completely on the way your
    muscle contracts as a substitute of any muscular stretch.
    Even in comparability to the bench press or different similar
    weight training exercises. The instability of
    the kettlebell will challenge your stabilizer muscles in a means that barbells
    and dumbbells don’t.

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    At its core, a lifting belt is not about protecting your lower back
    in the finest way many assume. Instead, its main perform is to extend intra-abdominal stress (IAP), which helps stabilize the spine beneath heavy masses.
    Bodybuilders often will put on belts to help support them during heavier
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    We mix top-quality materials, advanced manufacturing, and rigorous testing to provide lifting belts that exceed
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    For these with again or posture issues, it’s often necessary that their belt offers precise
    adjustability. Here Is what to pay attention to when choosing a weightlifting belt.
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    To start, an entry degree belt must be comfortable and provide help but
    be very simple to make use of and right here is where a Velcro strap comes into
    play. Harbinger has created a flexible, but durable nylon belt with a Velcro strap so newbies can raise big
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    abdominal support throughout your heavy lifts.

    With each buckles and screws included, it also contains a fast release heavy
    obligation buckle closure system for a secure and comfortable
    match. The Velcro strap permits for small adjustments in match and tightness,
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    On nylon belts, the commonest concern is over the velcro patching.
    Over time, the corners might peel up, leading to the entire patch coming off.

    Again, read user critiques to see if it is a frequent drawback with
    the particular belt you’re researching. Ratchet Belts aren’t almost
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    built for powerlifting.
    Harbinger's comfortable design makes it a favourite amongst casual and intermediate lifters.
    Whereas very user-friendly, it might not meet the rigorous calls for of competitive lifting.
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    Also, the high-quality ripstop nylon fabrication means it will be around for
    some time. It’s not going to set the weightlifting trend world on hearth nevertheless it doesn’t
    have to.

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    The hottest being creatine monohydrate, creatine phosphate, creatine
    citrate, creatine pyruvate, creatine ethyl ester, or
    creatine nitrate. The commonest dosing protocol is a loading
    period of 3-5 days with 20 to 25 g/d adopted by a 3-5
    g maintenance dose. When dosing for bodyweight, round zero.three g/d/kg for loading and 0.03 g/kg/d for upkeep has been used.
    When utilizing a loading protocol, it’s beneficial to split the dose into three
    or 4 smaller doses, in any other case, it could cause diarrhoea and nausea.

    Creatine is an amino acid that performs a important function in mobile
    vitality manufacturing.
    This entails taking the next dose of creatine, usually 20
    to 25 g per day, for five to 7 days, adopted by
    a consistent every day dose of 3 to 5 g per day.

    Creatine is likely one of the most popular sports
    activities supplements in the marketplace because of its impressive advantages for power,
    performance, and power. It Is essential to notice that doubling up on servings may even double the overall
    value per serving listed beneath, so it's price considering
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    high quality, BioSteel Sports has secured NSF Certified for Sport
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    For people in search of a creatine supplement to
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    dosing, this feature is value exploring. BioSteel Sports presents its take on creatine with this micronized model, providing 2.5 grams per serving.
    While the usual dose of 5 grams is extensively accepted, this product caters to those that
    prefer smaller servings or those who like to separate their consumption throughout the day.


    With skilled recommendation and obtainable scientific analysis, this guide
    offers you every thing you have to know to choose one of
    the best creatine supplement. The products really helpful here
    had been chosen on the basis of skilled recommendations and scientific analysis supporting their use.
    Creatine is likely certainly one of the greatest supplements
    to extend power, power, and peak performance for athletes at any stage.
    However finding the greatest kind of creatine can be difficult
    with so many decisions these days. Creatine merchandise such as Creapure, Creatine Malate, Kre-Alkalyn, and Creatine
    Monohydrate line complement and vitamin store shelves, making it
    complicated to know which one will give you the most effective
    results.
    For most healthy folks, the few long-believed myths about creatine such because it causes kidney harm has for probably
    the most part been dispelled. However creatine HMB can definitely be included within the mix for its supposed
    superiority and you'll try the analysis studies we’ve included to compare the different
    choices on this evaluate. However earlier than you throw within the towel, make certain you’ve used a
    product consistently and as instructed by the label.
    You could have obtained a bad batch or possibly it was a certain product generally
    that didn’t be good for you. We’ve included these details in the article that can assist you make the
    very best choice.
    And for bodybuilders seeking to get an edge, this complement is a recreation changer because it also supports
    brain operate — keeping me sharp and centered throughout lengthy
    coaching periods. Out of lots of of creatine monohydrate dietary supplements available, these 10 brands are your greatest wager.
    You can buy any of those on your purpose, whether it’s bodybuilding,
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    physical performance, and muscle progress. The price at which the physique begins to
    noticeably show the benefits of creatine supplementation can range significantly primarily
    based on situational and/or health-related elements. No Matter you’re on the lookout for in the creatine division, we’ll present you
    under tips on how to sift aside high-quality creatine dietary supplements
    from the so-so options. Nonetheless, not all creatine is created
    equal—our prime 5 creatine dietary supplements are set apart
    by third-party testing standards, the forms of creatine they use, and extra.

    Optimum Diet offers utterly pure micronized creatine monohydrate capsules.
    You can select between a number of choices, because it comes
    in a hundred, 200, and 300 capsules per bottle. Your physique stores creatine as phosphocreatine primarily in your muscular tissues, where it's used for vitality.
    As a result, people take creatine orally to enhance athletic performance and increase
    muscle mass. Thirty-four athletes took 5 grams of creatine both an hour earlier than or after exercise for two months.
    It Is essential to notice that these research
    had small pattern sizes, with varying supplementation protocols and participant ages.
    The same researchers designed a study that was solely three months lengthy.

    The intensive research on creatine monohydrate demonstrates its effectiveness
    in growing muscle creatine levels. Creatine helps muscle power, energy, recovery, high-intensity exercise performance and brain well being.

    Stangland recommends taking it for a minimum of four weeks to see any actual changes.
    "This timeframe reveals will increase in creatine levels within the mind and/or will increase in creatine ranges within the muscle for improved strength and power," she stated.
    A few small studies specific to creatine nitrate have reported constructive outcomes, like increased bench
    press performance or improved lifting volume, usually at doses of 1–3 grams per day.
    Manufacturers also claim it causes much less bloating because of lower required doses.

    After that, a decrease day by day maintenance dose of 3–5 grams is really helpful
    (1). Primarily Based on this analysis, it may be higher to
    take creatine close to train, quite than at some
    other time of the day. One Other possibility is to separate your day by day dose
    and take it throughout the day. Understand and optimize your diet and training, after which worry about dietary supplements additional down the
    highway.

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