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Kontroluj sa! Návod na samovyšetrenie prsníka a semeníkov.

Napísal TS LPR 24. október 2022

Liga proti rakovine pripravila v rámci Týždňa LPR súhrnné informácie k samovyšetreniu prsníkov a semenníkov. Je to totiž rýchla a BEZPLATNÁ možnosť ako predísť pokročilej rakovine.

lpr_1022

Viac o prevencii jedného z najrozšírenejších ochorení na Slovensku a nové videá k samovyšetreniu nájdete na: https://www.lpr.sk/samovysetrenie-a-prevencia/

SAMOVYŠETRENIE PRSNÍKOV

Veľa onkologických ochorení, medzi ktoré patrí aj rakovina prsníkov, je vyliečiteľných, ak sa zistia vo včasnom štádiu. K tomu môže prispieť každý sám práve samovyšetrovaním – prehmatávaním a pozorovaním prsníkov, následne absolvovaním preventívnych lekárskych prehliadok. Po 20. roku života by si mala každá žena pravidelne raz mesačne, najlepšie hneď po skončení menštruácie, sama vyšetriť prsníky. Vtedy sú v úplnom pokoji bez hormonálnych vplyvov a ľahko sa vyšetrujú.

Ženám po prechode odporúčame samovyšetrenie vždy v prvý deň mesiaca. Ak pri ňom spozorujú akúkoľvek zmenu v porovnaní s predchádzajúcim stavom, mali by vyhľadať lekára. Aj keby sa ukázalo, že nález má rakovinový pôvod, je veľmi pravdepodobné, že ide o počiatočné štádium choroby a vtedy je možnosť vyliečenia veľmi vysoká

Návod na samovyšetrenie prsníka

1. Vyzlečte sa po pás a postavte sa pred zrkadlo. Obidve ruky voľne pripažte a na intenzívnom svetle skúmajte, či nepozorujete zmeny tvaru prsníkov a ich okolia, či sa nevyskytujú niekde zdureniny alebo pokožka nie je vtiahnutá dovnútra. Ak nemáte obidva prsníky rovnako veľké, je to prirodzený jav.

2. Obidve ramená zdvihnite a pokračujte v predchádzajúcom pozorovaní tak, že sa pred zrkadlom pomaly otáčate sprava doľava a zľava doprava.

3. Uchopte prsníky jeden po druhom medzi  svoje dlane a najprv vodorovným pohybom ich pre- hmatajte. Pozorujte, či neucítite zatvrdnuté miesto alebo hrčku.

4. Ľavé rameno spustite dolu, pravou rukou dookola prehmatajte ľavú prsnú bradavku vnútri dvorca, potom ju jemne stlačte, či z nej nepresakuje srvátkový alebo krvavý výtok. Tým istým spôsobom vyšetrite aj pravý prsník.

4. Ľahnite si na chrbát, podložte si pod hlavu malý vankúšik, pod ľavú lopatku si položte poskla- daný uterák tak, aby ste mali prsník vo vyvýšenej polohe. Pravou rukou si prehmatajte prsník a jeho okolie. Takisto si vyšetrite aj pravý prsník.

5. Ľavý prsník si prehmatajte jemným hladiacim tlakom vnútornou stranou troch stredných prstov nie ich končekmi! Začnite zvonka zospodu, krúživými pohybmi dookola,  vždy  bližšie k prsnej bradavke. Toto urobte dvakrát. Raz majte ruku založenú pod hlavou a raz voľne pripaženú. Tak isto postupujte pri prehmatávaní pravého prsníka.

6. Ľavú ruku si založte pod hlavu a pravou rukou podobnými pohybmi ako v predchádzajúcom prípade si prehmatajte podpazušie, či v ňom nie je hrčka. Takisto si vyšetrite aj pravé podpazušie.

7. Ľavú ruku voľne pripažte. Pravou rukou si prehmatajte jamku nad kľúčnou kosťou. Takisto si vyšetrite aj pravú stranu.

Inštruktážne video samovyšetrenia prsníkov a viac informácií o prevencii rakoviny prsníka

Ak máte otázky, kontaktujte: Onkoporadňa Ligy proti rakovine, bezplatné telefónne číslo 0800 11 88 11. Každú stredu od 15.00 do 18.00 hod. je k dispozícii lekár – mamológ

SAMOVYŠETRENIE SEMENNÍKOV

Veľa onkologických ochorení, medzi ktoré patrí aj rakovina semenníkov, je vyliečiteľných, ak sa zistia vo včasnom štádiu. K tomu môže prispieť každý sám práve samovyšetrovaním – prehmatávaním a pozorovaním semenníkov, následne absolvovaním preventívnych lekárskych prehliadok.

Semenníky by si mal vyšetrovať každý muž pravidelne každý mesiac, a to od 15. roku života. Najvhodnejší čas je bezprostredne po teplom kúpeli alebo teplej sprche. Ak sú miešok a ruky studené, semenníky sa stiahnu k telu, čo sťažuje ich vyšetrenie.

Návod na samovyšetrenie semenníkov

1. Vyšetrenie začnite pohľadom na oblasť slabín a mieška. Ak zbadáte nesúmernosť, môže ísť o chorobu orgánov mieška. Nezabudnite však, že ľavá polovica mieška býva uložená nižšie ako pravá.

2. Každý semenník vyšetrujte osobitne. Palcom a ukazovákom ruky vysuňte obsah polovice mieška dopredu. Prstami druhej  ruky  ohmatajte a mierne postláčajte orgány mieška.

3. Pokračujte hodnotením konzistencie celého semenníka. Palcom a ukazovákom skúšajte, či nájdete zatvrdlinu (hrčku) v tkanive semenníka alebo nerovnosť jeho povrchu.

4. Nakoniec si vyhmatajte semenovod. Vystupuje z nadsemenníka a dá sa vyhmatať medzi palcom a ukazovákom ako tvrdý pohyblivý povrazec.

Vopred sa oboznámte s polohou nadsemenníka. Je uložený na zadnej strane semenníka a pri otáčaní je mäkký a bolestivý. Poznajte tento orgán, aby ste si ho nepomýlili s nádorom! Čokoľvek nájdete na jednom semenníku, hľadajte aj na druhom. Rovnaký nález (vo väčšom alebo v menšom rozsahu) znamená normálny stav.

Čo máte robiť, ak ste nahmatali zmenu na semenníkoch

Každú zatvrdlinu v semenníku, či už bolestivú, alebo nie, by mal vyšetriť lekár, najlepšie urológ. Zatvrdlina nemusí vždy znamenať nádor, pretože mnohé nenádorové choroby môžu sprevádzať hmatateľné zatvrdlinky v miešku. Dosť častý býva napríklad zápal nadsemenníka, ktorý sa lieči antibiotikami a obyčajne po 2 – 3 týždňoch ustúpi. Ak však trvá dlhšie, treba hľadať inú príčinu.

Inštruktážne video samovyšetrenia semenníkov

Ak máte otázky, kontaktujte: Onkoporadňa Ligy proti rakovine, bezplatné telefónne číslo 0800 11 88 11. Každý utorok od 15.00 do 17.00 hod. je k dispozícii lekár – urológ.

DNI OTVORENÝCH DVERÍ V LIGE PROTI RAKOVINE

Počas Týždňa Ligy proti rakovine ponúka LPR možnosť každému prísť osobne absolvovať interaktívnu ukážku samovyšetrenia prsníkov a semenníkov pomocou 3D makiet. Taktiež vám merajú CO vo výdychu (ne)fajčiara pomocou smokerlyzeru. Zástupcovia Ligy sú k dispozícii aj na zodpovedanie akýchkoľvek otázok ohľadom prevencie rakoviny a činnosti samotného OZ.

Kedy: od 24.10. do 27.10., denne od 7:00 do 15:00 hod.

Kde: Centrá Ligy proti rakovine v Bratislave, Martine a Košiciach.

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