Zaujímavosti zo sveta starovekých civilizácií - Egypt

Egypt, to nie sú len pyramídy a faraóni. Staroveký Egypt priniesol množstvo nápadov a vynálezov, ktoré ovplyvnili moderné civilizácie.  Týka sa to aj rôznych zdravotných postupov pri bolesti zubov, ochrany zraku či antikoncepcie...

health_egypt_24

Liečba v Starom Egypte

Starovekí Egypťania dokázali ako prví vytvoriť ucelený zdravotnícky systém. Vďaka technike balzamovania spoznali anatómiu človeka a zvierat.  Preto už pred 5000 rokmi dokázali ošetriť rôzne zlomeniny pomocou dláh, otvárať vredy, zašívať a liečiť otvorené rany. Predpokladá sa, že ako prví používali chirurgické nástroje, ktoré pred zákrokom opaľovali ohňom, čím ich dezinfikovali. Reliéf chrámu v Kom Ombo z 2. storočia p.n.l. je svedectvom 37 nástrojov, ktoré sú tam vyobrazené.  Medzi nimi ľahko spoznáte skalpely, nožničky, medené ihly, kliešte a  ďalšie.

Dentálna hygiena

Obyvatelia starovekého Egypta mali problémy so zubami z dôvodu nevyváženej stravy a všade prítomnému piesku, ktorý sa do stravy dostal z neďalekej púšte.
Egypťania podľa archeologických nálezov dbali o dentálnu hygienu. Potvrdzujú to nálezy v egyptských hrobkách, kde sa našli špáradlá. Používali aj „pastu“ na čistenie zubov. Recept napísaný na papyruse  náhodne objavili v roku 2003 vo viedenskom múzeu. Dokument starý 1600 rokov popisuje ingrediencie, spôsob prípravy a použitie. Zmes pozostávala zo soli, kvetov kosatca, mäty a korenia. Zaujímavosťou je, že kvety kosatcov sa začínajú objavovať aj v dnešných zubných pastách pre ich liečivé účinky pri ochoreniach ďasien.

Objavila sa aj receptúra na pastu stará 2500 rokov, ktorá však slúžila len kňazom pri náboženských rituáloch. Jej zloženie bolo oveľa exotickejšie (volské kopyta, vaječné škrupinky, popol a prášok z pemzy).

Silný zápach z ústnej dutiny zapríčinený skazenými zubami a zapálenými ďasnami liečili pomocou cucavých bonbónov. Pripravovali sa z rôznych druhov bylín, korenia, kadidla, myrty a škorice. Pomocou medu vytvárali bonbóny.

Ochrana zraku

Typické očné čierne linky, ktoré si Egypťania maľovali nemali len estetický  a nábožensky dôvod.  Očné linky disponovali antibakteriálnymi účinkami a pomáhali chrániť oči  pred drobným pieskom z púšte a pred možnou infekciou.  Zároveň dokázali redukovať silné slnečné lúče.

Antikoncepcia

Ženy v starovekom Egypte používali niekoľko druhov antikoncepčných metód. Z tých absurdných je určite metóda, podľa ktorej sa mal trus od krokodíla vkladať do vagíny. Vyrábali sa tampóny z rôznych rastlín, ako napríklad roztlčené granátové jablka, ktoré sú prirodzeným zdrojom estragónu. Ako vnútromaternicové telieska sa poslúžili malé kamienky.

 

 

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