Zaujímavosti zo sveta prírody

Viete, kto disponuje väčším množstvom génov než človek? Dokážete si predstaviť, že aj vtáčie samičky prežívajú frustráciu zo samčekov? Poznáte, ako funguje mechanizmus kvitnutia? Tu sú odpovede...

daphnia pulex 1000x700

Svetový rekordman Daphnia pulex
Jeden človek disponuje asi 25 000 génmi. Predpokladali by sme, že žiaden živý tvor ich nemôže mať viac... Omyl. Vedci zistili, že priesvitný živočích perloočka (Daphnia pulex), má týchto dedičných vlôh až 31 000, čo je svetový rekord. Výskum to vysvetľuje tým, že gény perloočky sa počas evolúcie rozmnožovali častejšie, čiže v jednom genóme sa identicky vyskytujú viackrát. John Colbourne z Indiana University v Bloomingtone (USA) zistil, že ich množstvo je asi o 30 percent vyššie ako u ľudí. Štúdie ešte neskončili, lebo vedcom okrem toho chýba rozpoznať ešte tretina génov perloočky.

Daphnia pulex žije v sladkovodných jazerách Severnej Ameriky, Európy a Austrálie. Považuje sa za prototyp zázračnej prispôsobivosti, v súvislosti so zmenami životného prostredia a patrí medzi živočíchy s vynikajúcimi senzormi kvality vody.

Výber partnera vo vtáčej ríši
Zlá voľba partnera a s ňou spojená frustrácia, nie je výsadou len človeka. Nespokojnosť prejavili aj samičky astrildovitých vtákov. Bádatelia z Macquarie Univerzity v Sydney skúmali samičky amadiny Gouldovej (Chloebia Gouldiae). Pozorovali ich spôsob výberu partnera podľa atraktivity a ich následne zahniezdenie. V prípade amadiny Gouldovej si samičky vyberajú takmer vždy samčeka, ktorý má takú istú farbu hlavy ako samičky.

Dve štúdie o zbližovaní vtákov, ktoré bádatelia vypracovali potvrdili, že v núdzi sa samičky uspokojili aj s neatraktívnym partnerom. Zároveň zistili, že plánovanie rodiny oddaľovali a vajcia nakládli až o mesiac neskôr. Krvné testy, ktoré im potom urobili ukázali, že mali až štyrikrát vyššie množstvo stresového hormónu – k o r t i k o s t e r ó n u.

chloebia gouldiae 1000x662

Kríženie rôznofarebných vtákov – existujú s čiernou, červenou a zriedka aj so žltou farbou hlavy. Žltá farba v sebe skrýva genetické riziko väčšieho úhynu mláďať. Pravdepodobnosť, že potomkovia takéhoto kríženia zomrú, je o 40 až 80 percent vyššia.Žltkavé amadiny majú genetickú poruchu, ktorá im neumožňuje premeniť karoteniody, aby ich perie zafarbili načerveno.

Tieto druhy piniek sú známe aj svojou agresivitou, ktorá vychádza z jej genetickej schopnosti, ktorú možno odvodiť zo zafarbenia hlavičiek. Najdominantnejšie a najagresívnejšie sú tie s červenou hlavou, ktoré odháňajú od potravy vtáky s čiernou hlavou.

Záhady kvitnutia
Mechanizmus otvárania a zatvárania kalicha kvetu nie je vždy rovnaký. Mäsožravé rastliny sa dokážu zatvoriť veľkou rýchlosťou, zatiaľ čo iné kvety sa zatvárajú pomaly a pri zotmení.

lilium 1000x700

Existuje však biofyzikálny princíp, ktorý je pri rôznych druhoch kvetov rovnaký – zabudované „nestability“ vo forme rozdielov napätia, ktoré sa tvorí na okvetných lístkoch. Potvrdil to proces, ktorý sledoval mechanizmus ohýbania okvetných lístkov na okrajoch a otvárania kalicha ľalie. Celý proces trval štyri a pol dňa, kým puk ľalie nasiakol vodou a rozvinul sa. Predtým však nerástli všetky bunky listov rovnako rýchlo, pretože tie vo vnútri kvetu rástli najpomalšie. Ohýbanie okvetných listov ovplyvňuje nesúmernosť vyplývajúca z rozdielov napätia, čo potvrdila matematická simulácia.

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    you will discover in the marketplace. They haven't proven any wear or
    tear throughout my 9 session training weeks and Worldwide competitions.
    Having educated and competed in knee sleeves for the previous 17 years, I’ve been via my fair
    proportion of knee sleeves.

  • Komentár Cindi %PM, %24 %004 %2025 %23:%mar napísal Cindi

    Training shoulder muscular tissues is necessary for four main reasons.

    First, rotator cuff muscular tissues allow us to move our arms in a round
    movement, while also keeping our shoulder joints steady.
    Strengthening your rotator cuff muscles via particular workouts helps stabilize your
    shoulder joints and facilitates smoother round arm actions.
    Second, trapezius muscular tissues help our shoulders and neck, controlling the top and shoulder place, while also
    serving to keep our arms raised. Training the deltoids improves the steadiness of your higher body during on an everyday basis
    movements corresponding to pushing, pulling, lifting, and carrying.
    Lastly, shoulder workout routines activate the rhomboid muscles, which join your backbone to
    your shoulder blades and play a task in lifting your arms up and inwards.


    This exercise can help you enhance the strength, measurement, and definition of
    your shoulders whereas maintaining your decrease again protected.
    Comply With along with this video from Buff Dudes Workouts to
    learn how to perform a seated dumbbell press to strengthen your shoulders.

    The T-bar row primarily targets the muscular tissues of
    the upper again, together with the latissimus dorsi, rhomboids,
    and traps.
    It’s subsequently potential to attain impressive shoulder gains and
    revel in a convenient workout at residence by focusing
    on body weight workouts. Cable shoulder workouts are helpful for people trying to train their arms and shoulders,
    as they successfully goal the trapezius muscles. Newbies can safely conduct cable shoulder workouts by beginning small and using a cable machine
    with a straight bar and lower weight. Move slowly and use the correct respiration method to
    control your actions.
    That’s okay as a outcome of you’re going to find some actionable options in this post….

    Abel Albonetti is a fitness mannequin, private trainer, and YouTuber who is known for his impressive physique and intense coaching
    fashion. He used to perform just one working set (till failure)
    for each exercise he did.
    Additionally, because the socket is definitely the shoulder blade, there are numerous extra
    muscles which are affected by shoulder movement.
    This not solely consists of all the muscle tissue that connect to the humerus, however the
    muscles that attach to the scapula as nicely.

    Let’s start out with somewhat anatomy, courtesy of the Muscle Markers.
    And in a while, Raymond goes to make a cameo appearance to assist illustrate the three
    dimensional nature of the shoulder joint. This is a problem in terms of developing a set of spectacular boulder shoulders.
    Lifters usually practice via shoulder ache, hoping what's a boring ache doesn’t turn into something more severe.
    Unfortunately, these minor niggles typically turn out to be far worse and far
    tougher to take care of.
    While barbell presses are a great way to overload
    your deltoids, they are often exhausting on your shoulder joints.
    Barbell presses drive you right into a inflexible hand place and motion sample, which some folks discover uncomfortable.

    Switching to dumbbells allows you to move your limbs more naturally
    and adapt overhead presses to your unique biomechanics.
    While military presses and seated overhead presses discourage decrease physique use, barbell
    push presses actively contain leg drive that can help you raise heavier loads.


    Regular shoulder coaching strengthens the muscle tissue and connective tissues, decreasing the
    likelihood of strains and overuse accidents. A balanced shoulder routine can even enhance mobility, keeping joints wholesome and useful.
    Weak shoulders enhance the danger of accidents,
    particularly within the rotator cuff and surrounding joints.
    Over time, poor shoulder energy can result in points like impingements, tendonitis, and even chronic pain. Earlier Than diving
    into our trainers’ favorite shoulder workouts, it’s essential to know why
    training your shoulders is so necessary in the first place.

    You will need a barbell or substitute two hand weights for this exercise.
    The Smith machine upright row is a variation of the upright row that works the shoulder and higher
    back muscles, including constructing stronger and larger traps,
    rhomboids and deltoids. The cable twisting overhead press is one other
    efficient single-arm cable shoulder exercise. It is a really efficient shoulder
    press variation that works the anterior delt.

  • Komentár is there a safe way to take steroids %AM, %21 %050 %2025 %00:%mar napísal is there a safe way to take steroids

    If you may be contemplating taking one of many creatine options listed above, here is what you probably can count on. NutraBio is a full-disclosure company that provides clients with absolutely transparent labels
    to ensure you have peace of thoughts every
    time you combine this formulation into a glass of water. Dymatize creatine is created from
    100% pure Creatine Monohydrate, with no fillers or components ever combined into the method.

    We chose these manufacturers because of the
    high-quality Creatine Monohydrate they each include, their glorious evaluate, and
    their inexpensive value tags.
    The study did use monohydrate though and so we don’t understand how the
    others would compare. So in case you are taking creatine monohydrate, analysis
    suggests you want to have it right after a coaching
    session for best outcomes. For example, Transparent Labs creatine HMB that’s featured on this list additionally contains Creapure® and this is supposed to have an even more pronounced impact on efficiency and
    physiological components. Now, that doesn’t imply supplements from lesser known manufacturers
    are no good. But we wish to see a great monitor document
    earlier than recommending these merchandise. The secret
    ingredients on this product embrace German Creapure,
    creatine HCL, Beta-Alanine, and creatine Magnapower (Creatine
    Magnesium Chelate). Typically you simply want to swallow a number
    of pills and be carried out with it, and with Crazy
    Muscle’s THREE-ATINE, it doesn’t get a lot simpler.


    Every serving presents 5400mg of creatine and you should do a loading
    interval for faster progress. The appeal of Kaged CreaClear™ is the
    supposed superior mixability and solubility that’s alleged
    to elicit quicker effects with no bloat or abdomen discomfort.

    The brand even provides a stomach-friendly promise that
    you will not experience discomfort often felt from using plain monohydrate.
    While monohydrate is essentially the most studied form of creatine and we
    know it really works, β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) isn't as acquainted.

    The Nice Housekeeping Institute consultants asked a panel of testers to strive them out to search
    out out. Anecdotally, some people report gastrointestinal discomfort like abdomen ache and bloating after taking
    creatine, says Hamlin. Nonetheless, scientific analysis does not report
    this as a common facet effect, so when you expertise severe or ongoing abdomen ache, stop creatine use, and
    talk along with your physician.
    Some of the creatine in your body is stored in cells as phosphocreatine,
    with the remainder as free creatine. The body should replace creatine loss via its manufacturing of creatine or by way of food or
    dietary supplements. Whereas some research on dietary supplements is sparse at best, the information on creatine is powerful.

    Results consistently show that taking three to 5 grams a day (even upwards of 10 grams) is protected and efficient.
    The factor is, even individuals who embody some meat and seafood in their food regimen (and have optimum endogenous
    production) only have about 60-80% of their creatine stores filled1 at a given time.


    Nonetheless "market-y" and technical the name could sound, creatine is definitely
    a naturally occurring amino acid that builds
    muscle and advantages the mind. This publish incorporates links via which we could earn a small fee should
    you make a buy order from a brand. This on no account impacts our ability to objectively critique the merchandise and brands we
    evaluate. As A End Result Of I’ve at all times been a
    gym rat, I’ve experimented with completely different dietary supplements as
    quickly as upon a time. However, now I simply persist with pea protein, as a outcome of I’m
    at a stage in my life where being extra toned (and seeing abs) is extra important
    than going for essentially the most muscular look. Vegans, however, do not
    eat any meat or fish, which is why it may be beneficial to supplement with creatine to steal some of the advantages we’ve mentioned earlier on this publish.

    They are also permitted by ConsumerLab.com,
    certainly one of our top impartial verifications. Overall, it’s a great creatine powder designed to help strength and energy coaching.
    Whether you’re doing bodybuilding workouts or strength-based lifts, it ought
    to offer you the extra edge that you’re in search of. Priyankaa is our senior health and wellness author, specialising in expert-tested
    reviews and roundups on the latest well being and health merchandise.
    From strolling boots to running machines, Priyankaa has written about lots of of
    merchandise and is passionate about providing in-depth, unbiased critiques.


    Made with creatine monohydrate, it helps energy and power throughout a exercise.

    This pure formulation comes tasteless and odorless with none fillers or components.
    It is out there in a wide range of sizes, starting from 150 grams to 2000
    grams. Whereas anyone can enjoy the advantages of creatine, it may be significantly essential for vegetarians who carry weights, as meat is the most
    common pure source of creatine. Nonetheless, even for those who consume
    meat, it might be difficult to eat sufficient to get the amount of creatine essential for
    building muscle. In small doses (3-5 grams of creatine per
    day), most athletes see significant gains in a brief time period.
    Round 95% of creatine within the physique is stored in skeletal muscle,
    the place it's used to provide vitality throughout brief bursts of intense activity similar to weightlifting, sprinting, or leaping.

    Even for durations up to years, there is no
    proof suggesting that taking creatine dietary
    supplements every day has a detrimental impact on the physique.
    The majority of creatine powders on our record are
    unflavored, as they are usually added to drinks or food. At All Times
    look by way of buyer critiques to get an concept of the flavour before shopping for.
    This creatine supplement has a sturdy nutritional content, however it would not have probably the most creatine on the listing.
    There are only 2 grams of creatine per serving, while other
    manufacturers common 5 grams.
    The Bodybuilding.com App is designed that will assist you attain your health and health
    goals. Whereas monohydrate is the longest studied kind, hydrochloride (HCL) and HMB may
    supply advantages though all are little doubt efficient.

    There are additionally other forms but the aforementioned are
    the commonest and we suggest them. Once More, this is dependent
    upon several factors however more importantly your weight.

    In terms of purity and high quality, BioSteel Sports Activities has secured NSF
    Licensed for Sport certification, meaning what's on the label is precisely what you're
    getting in every serving. For people seeking a creatine supplement to
    accommodate their preferences and take out the
    guesswork out of dosing, this selection is price exploring.
    This creatine from CytoSport, mother or father
    firm of Muscle Milk, is the new iteration of Muscle Milk's Pro Collection Creatine.
    The modern, newly designed packaging is sweet,
    but what we love most is that this version maintains its
    popularity with a well-recognized and NSF-certified method.
    Every serving delivers a solid 5 grams of creatine
    monohydrate, making it a consistent choice for these seeking
    muscle-building benefits. Common Nutrition Creatine boasts a German patented form of creatine monohydrate.

    Germany, well-known for creating top creatine merchandise having superior quality has belted one other hiqh
    quality product.
    The powder is also licensed gluten-free and third-party tested for purity and potency,
    and it incorporates just one ingredient. It’s necessary to note that beta-alanine can cause a harmless tingling sensation.
    Nonetheless, this product accommodates simply 1.6
    grams (g), a dose which could be low enough to keep away from the tingles.
    She says the unflavored version had a distinct
    "stevia" aftertaste at best, metallic style at worst.
    That stated, taking decrease regular doses over an extended interval might have the identical effect.
    Additionally, some analysis means that creatine supplementation may be beneficial for immune system regulation and
    for individuals with muscle-wasting illnesses or neurological conditions.
    A systematic evaluate from 2022 explored the effect of supplementing with creatine ethyl ester on train performance and physique
    composition. The researchers discovered no vital difference between the complement and placebo.
    "Since I haven’t taken creatine before, I checked in with a friend who frequently takes unflavored creatine from another model.
    Many others imagine all women can profit from creatine supplementation, and there is research to again that notion. Day By Day supplementation of a high quality creatine powder can combat fatigue, keep and construct muscle mass, and improve mood and cognitive talents. Creatine can be helpful to the guts and when it comes to total brain health. This study, particular to ladies, displayed creatine’s optimistic results in restoring mind energy ranges and homeostasis. Contemplating the protection and minimal unwanted effects of creatine, it’s a simple, reasonably priced supplement to include into a wellness routine.
    The capsules have more than 23,000 mostly positive on-line reviews and are third-party tested by Informed Alternative. Optimum Diet Micronized Creatine Capsules are probably the greatest options if powdered supplements aren’t your factor. On the opposite hand, benefits of beta-alanine supplementation have been proven at doses of four to six g, so there’s a chance that this supplement could not contain a high sufficient dose to be efficient. Reviewers note that the powder is really tasteless and may be combined into numerous beverages and dishes. Nevertheless, there are mixed critiques on how easily the powder dissolves. Carbohydrates help drive creatine into your muscle tissue, says Roussell, who provides that the majority studies show a profit from 80 to a hundred grams of carbohydrates. So whenever you consider price, ease of use, and your jaw muscle tissue, it is means simpler to take your creatine in supplement type.
    Those on the side of creatine being an after-workout complement really feel this is the time when your muscle tissue are most prone to the benefits it supplies and prepared for muscle repair and rejuvenation. Dymatize Creatine is out there in a micronized powder form, which is completed to make sure correct dispersion. You are to take one 5g scoop of powder every single day earlier than or after every workout and anytime through the day in your days off.
    It’s NSF Licensed for Sport®, guaranteeing the very best high quality and safety requirements. He has run half marathons, carried out mud runs, placed in body transformation contests, coached wrestling, and now coaches girls’ soccer. Not to mention he has additionally tried actually hundreds of dietary supplements through the years and has an unlimited and thorough complement data. He has written for Muscle & Energy, Testosterone Junkie, The Game Evaluate and other publications. He can also be the editor-in-chief of this web site and has over 25 years of experience in the health trade.
    Additionally, creatine may help fight fatigue, enhancing total performance throughout intense exercises. Each five-gummy serving supplies 4 g of creatine monohydrate, slightly below the standard 5-gram advice. Another potential downside is the ingredient list, which incorporates synthetic flavors. Whereas not an automated deal-breaker, those looking for solely natural elements may need to discover different choices.
    Creatine is doubtless certainly one of the most widely studied dietary complement available on the market. Throughout the creatine loading section you can take 20 grams per day spread out in 4 servings over a 5-7 day period. Then you can change to upkeep levels of 5 grams of creatine on a regular basis. If you might be on the lookout for micronized creatine powder in capsule type, go with Optimum Diet.
    The impression of creatine dietary supplements on short-term, high-intensity exercise performance is well documented. The diploma of performance enhancement from creatine dietary supplements could differ among individuals. It can depend upon various factors, corresponding to physique dimension and the amount of creatine consumed within the food plan. The beneficial dose is two capsules of creatine monohydrate, taken twice daily with a meal. Optimum Vitamin provides bottles with a hundred, 200, and 300 capsules, so you can resolve on an amount that's best for you.

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