Zaujímavosti zo sveta prírody

Viete, kto disponuje väčším množstvom génov než človek? Dokážete si predstaviť, že aj vtáčie samičky prežívajú frustráciu zo samčekov? Poznáte, ako funguje mechanizmus kvitnutia? Tu sú odpovede...

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Svetový rekordman Daphnia pulex
Jeden človek disponuje asi 25 000 génmi. Predpokladali by sme, že žiaden živý tvor ich nemôže mať viac... Omyl. Vedci zistili, že priesvitný živočích perloočka (Daphnia pulex), má týchto dedičných vlôh až 31 000, čo je svetový rekord. Výskum to vysvetľuje tým, že gény perloočky sa počas evolúcie rozmnožovali častejšie, čiže v jednom genóme sa identicky vyskytujú viackrát. John Colbourne z Indiana University v Bloomingtone (USA) zistil, že ich množstvo je asi o 30 percent vyššie ako u ľudí. Štúdie ešte neskončili, lebo vedcom okrem toho chýba rozpoznať ešte tretina génov perloočky.

Daphnia pulex žije v sladkovodných jazerách Severnej Ameriky, Európy a Austrálie. Považuje sa za prototyp zázračnej prispôsobivosti, v súvislosti so zmenami životného prostredia a patrí medzi živočíchy s vynikajúcimi senzormi kvality vody.

Výber partnera vo vtáčej ríši
Zlá voľba partnera a s ňou spojená frustrácia, nie je výsadou len človeka. Nespokojnosť prejavili aj samičky astrildovitých vtákov. Bádatelia z Macquarie Univerzity v Sydney skúmali samičky amadiny Gouldovej (Chloebia Gouldiae). Pozorovali ich spôsob výberu partnera podľa atraktivity a ich následne zahniezdenie. V prípade amadiny Gouldovej si samičky vyberajú takmer vždy samčeka, ktorý má takú istú farbu hlavy ako samičky.

Dve štúdie o zbližovaní vtákov, ktoré bádatelia vypracovali potvrdili, že v núdzi sa samičky uspokojili aj s neatraktívnym partnerom. Zároveň zistili, že plánovanie rodiny oddaľovali a vajcia nakládli až o mesiac neskôr. Krvné testy, ktoré im potom urobili ukázali, že mali až štyrikrát vyššie množstvo stresového hormónu – k o r t i k o s t e r ó n u.

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Kríženie rôznofarebných vtákov – existujú s čiernou, červenou a zriedka aj so žltou farbou hlavy. Žltá farba v sebe skrýva genetické riziko väčšieho úhynu mláďať. Pravdepodobnosť, že potomkovia takéhoto kríženia zomrú, je o 40 až 80 percent vyššia.Žltkavé amadiny majú genetickú poruchu, ktorá im neumožňuje premeniť karoteniody, aby ich perie zafarbili načerveno.

Tieto druhy piniek sú známe aj svojou agresivitou, ktorá vychádza z jej genetickej schopnosti, ktorú možno odvodiť zo zafarbenia hlavičiek. Najdominantnejšie a najagresívnejšie sú tie s červenou hlavou, ktoré odháňajú od potravy vtáky s čiernou hlavou.

Záhady kvitnutia
Mechanizmus otvárania a zatvárania kalicha kvetu nie je vždy rovnaký. Mäsožravé rastliny sa dokážu zatvoriť veľkou rýchlosťou, zatiaľ čo iné kvety sa zatvárajú pomaly a pri zotmení.

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Existuje však biofyzikálny princíp, ktorý je pri rôznych druhoch kvetov rovnaký – zabudované „nestability“ vo forme rozdielov napätia, ktoré sa tvorí na okvetných lístkoch. Potvrdil to proces, ktorý sledoval mechanizmus ohýbania okvetných lístkov na okrajoch a otvárania kalicha ľalie. Celý proces trval štyri a pol dňa, kým puk ľalie nasiakol vodou a rozvinul sa. Predtým však nerástli všetky bunky listov rovnako rýchlo, pretože tie vo vnútri kvetu rástli najpomalšie. Ohýbanie okvetných listov ovplyvňuje nesúmernosť vyplývajúca z rozdielov napätia, čo potvrdila matematická simulácia.

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    The capsules have more than 23,000 mostly positive on-line reviews and are third-party tested by Informed Alternative. Optimum Diet Micronized Creatine Capsules are probably the greatest options if powdered supplements aren’t your factor. On the opposite hand, benefits of beta-alanine supplementation have been proven at doses of four to six g, so there’s a chance that this supplement could not contain a high sufficient dose to be efficient. Reviewers note that the powder is really tasteless and may be combined into numerous beverages and dishes. Nevertheless, there are mixed critiques on how easily the powder dissolves. Carbohydrates help drive creatine into your muscle tissue, says Roussell, who provides that the majority studies show a profit from 80 to a hundred grams of carbohydrates. So whenever you consider price, ease of use, and your jaw muscle tissue, it is means simpler to take your creatine in supplement type.
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