Ako vnímať obrazy

Chystáte sa na výlet a rátate aj s návštevou niektorej svetovej obrazárne? Ponúkame vám niekoľko drobných informácií, ako vnímať obrazy, ktoré vám prinášame v nasledujúcich častiach. Každý divák vedie s obrazom, na ktorý pozerá, tichý dialóg... 

nm_krakow_leonardo

Prostredníctvom základných informácií o autorovi obrazu (kto to je, kedy a prečo obraz namaľoval...) a informácií o obraze samotnom (štýl, kompozícia, farby, symboly...) môže obraz "pochopiť" a preklenúť prípadnú časovú a kultúrnu bariéru; no zároveň sa u diváka aktivuje jeho pocitovo-asociačný potenciál, ktorý je zdrojom výsostne osobných zážitkov z obrazu. Každý obraz má teda v konečnom dôsledku pre každého diváka svojské čaro...

Ako prvé zaregistruje vnímateľ obrazu žáner:

- Na vrchole žánrovej hierarchie stála od čias renesancie historická maľba. Tvoria ju veľkorozmerné plátna, zobrazujúce výjavy z histórie, biblie, mytológie alebo literatúry. Ich cieľom bolo poučovať a ukazovať cestu k náprave.

- Na druhom mieste v hierarchii stáli portréty, ktoré zobrazovali dôležité osobnosti minulosti a prítomnosti.

- Na treťom mieste sa ocitli žánrové scény. Väčšinou ide o obrazy menšieho formátu, čerpajúce námety z každodenného života rôznych vrstiev dobovej spoločnosti, vrátane tých najobyčajneších či dokonca zavrhnutiahodných indivíduí; žánrové scény zachytávajú ľudské konanie ako také.

- Na poslednom mieste žánrovej hierarchie (napriek všeobecnej obľúbenosti) stojí krajinomaľba a zátišie - t.j. maľby, v ktorých absentuje ľudský prvok.

Uvedená renesančná hierarchia obrazov dodnes pôsobí ako vplyvný (i keď už nie neotrasiteľný) faktor pri zaraďovaní obrazu a charaktere diváckej reakcie naň.

Nabudúce pokračovanie....

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