Viete, aké metódy vám pomôžu naučiť sa cudzí jazyk?

Existuje veľa spôsobov učenia sa cudzích jazykov. A to je len dobre, pretože každému z nás vyhovuje iná metóda, ktorá vedie k úspešnému cieľu. Polygloti, teda multijazyční ľudia, ktorí plynule ovládajú minimálne štyri cudzie jazyky, sú presvedčení... 

cudzie_jazyky19

... že dôvodom, prečo sa niektorým nedarí v cudzej reči napredovať napriek tomu, že sa ju učia roky, je nesprávny spôsob učenia.  Podľa nich sa každý dokáže naučiť akýkoľvek cudzí jazyk, ak dodržíme nasledujúce štyri veci. Po prvé, učenie nás baví. Po druhé, venujeme sa mu systematicky – každý deň niekoľko minút a nie nárazovo dlhé hodiny. Po tretie, máme plán, na akú úroveň znalosti cudzieho jazyka sa chceme dostať, a plánu sa držíme. A po štvrté sme si našli metódu, ktorá najviac sedí nášmu spôsobu učenia.

„Metód výučby cudzích jazykov je viacero a každému vyhovuje iná. Všetky však majú spoločné to, že sú do učenia zapojené zmysly. Cudzí jazyk preniká do mozgu cez počuté, videné, povedané, napísané. Metódy sa líšia poradím a intenzitou týchto ciest. Keď sa človek do cudzieho jazyka, takpovediac, ponorí, je vysoká šanca, že sa ho skutočne naučí,“ dopĺňa Katarína Boskovičová, študijná poradkyňa pre dospelých a firmy z jazykovej školy Berlitz.

Vybrať si pre seba tú najlepšiu metódu, akou sa naučiť cudzí jazyk, znamená spoznať najefektívnejšie cesty, ktorými sa učíme, a zároveň mať jasno v tom, ako a kde chceme jazyk používať. Inak sa musí učiť tlmočník, inak prekladateľ, iné potrebujete ovládať, ak sa chcete v zahraničí do nejakej miery dohovoriť, a iné, ak máte viesť v cudzom jazyku obchodné stretnutia alebo prezentovať.

Klasika, ktorú si pamätáme za školy

Medzi klasické metódy učenia cudzieho jazyka patrí memorovanie sa slovíčok a zároveň učenie sa gramatiky. Potom sa naučené slová spájajú do viet. Gramaticko-prekladová metóda sa používala už v 16. storočí a študenti sa takto učili po latinsky. Najskôr sa naučili slová cudzieho jazyka a gramatické pravidlá, potom prekladali texty slovo po slove a slová spájali do viet.

Niekomu vyhovuje práve tento spôsob. Sú však aj novšie metódy, vyvinuté na základe experimentov a vedeckých poznatkov o tom, ako funguje učenie, ľudský mozog a pamäť.

Rozprávaj a hlavne nepremýšľaj

Jednou z nich je Callanova metóda. Funguje tak, že študenti najskôr počúvajú lektora a snažia sa čo najviac porozumieť. Potom hovoria a až následne čítajú a píšu. Aj preto sa tejto metóde hovorí ucho-ústa-oči-ruka. „Je to takzvaná priama metóda výučby cudzieho jazyka, keď sa počas hodiny hovorí iba v cudzom jazyku, nepoužíva sa iný,“ vysvetľuje K. Boskovičová. Učí sa v malých skupinách, kde je maximálne 8 študentov, aby každý z nich v priebehu hodiny naozaj stihol nielen počúvať, ale aj dostatočne veľa hovoriť.

Špecifikom tejto metódy je neustále opakovanie viet a fráz a rozprávanie bez zbytočného premýšľania. Lektor hovorí rýchlo, dokonca rýchlejšie, než je bežné. Študentom kladie otázky, každú otázku zopakuje dvakrát a od študenta sa vyžaduje, aby odpovedal okamžite, bez premýšľania, automaticky. „Callanova metóda je postavená na opakovaní a precvičovaní cudzieho jazyka tak, aby sa študent nezdržiaval rozmýšľaním o tom, čo a ako povedať, ale aby sa u neho vyvinul reflex, aby to robil automaticky,“ dopĺňa poradkyňa pre vzdelávanie dospelých z jazykovej školy Berlitz. Aby výučba čo najviac reflektovala reálny život, lektori sa na hodinách striedajú – každý z nich hovorí iným tempom, s iným prízvukom - a študenti sa tak učia nemať stres a reagovať za každých okolností. Práve stres a rýchlosť však nemusia vyhovovať každému.

12 hodín denne nás do jazyka úplne ponorí

V spolupráci s Institute of Psychology na McGill University Montreal bola vyvinutá moderná priama metóda výučby cudzích jazykov, ktorá dostala názov Úplné ponorenie (Total Immersion). „Táto metóda je vhodná na skutočne rýchle zlepšenie jazykovej úrovne, keď sa študent posunie za päť dní o jednu úroveň vyššie,“ pokračuje K. Boskovičová.

Rovnako ako Callanova aj metóda Úplné ponorenie je priama, no kým prvým spôsobom sa učí iba angličtina, učebné materiály metódou Total Immersion sú vypracované aj v iných jazykoch.

Študent je doslova ponorený do angličtiny, nemčiny či francúzštiny. Denne s ním v tomto jazyku hovoria 3 lektori dvanásť hodín. Polovicu času je do konverzácie zapojený aj študent, aby si preberanú látku dokonale osvojil. „Týmto spôsobom sa dá ponoriť do jazyka z akejkoľvek jazykovej úrovne. Veľkou výhodou je určite aj to, že sa obsah a tempo výučby plne prispôsobujú študentovi, čo zvyšuje jeho motiváciu. Môže sa učiť jazyk všeobecne alebo sa zamerať na témy, ktoré potrebuje kvôli svojej práci či štúdiu,“ dopĺňa odborníčka na vzdelávanie dospelých z jazykovej školy Berlitz.

Podčiarknuté a zrátané: efektívna metóda učenia sa cudzieho jazyka je taká, ktorá nás baví a umožňuje nám intenzívny kontakt s jazykom. Keď jazyk počúvame, sami ním hovoríme a nevynechávame čítanie a písanie aspoň niekoľko minút, ideálne aj hodinu denne, sme na tej správnej ceste.  

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    Throughout the motion, bar positioning and feet positioning are additionally
    completely different. Typical deadlifts utilize a wider
    stance, while straight leg deadlifts sometimes contain a narrower stance, with the bar following a hole path, as opposed to being in shut
    proximity to your legs. Typical deadlifts are also carried
    out from a place where your spine is extended, your chest lifted, and your weight is sitting again in your heels, with your hips rolled
    back.
    The lifter then bends on the hips, reducing the barbell in path of the ground with an eccentric vary of movement, earlier than returning to a standing place by pulling the barbell from the hips.

    To carry out deadlift correctly, one ought to push off the floor
    with the knees, preserving the shoulders slightly in front of the barbell.
    On the other hand, Romanian deadlift begins with a pull from the hips and requires the body-weight to be on the heels for
    balance.
    When holding the barbell just below your knee, take inventory of your body’s
    position. If the plates ring, you’re lifting with your hamstrings, which
    is what you want. If the plates don’t ring, you’re pulling with your again, which is a quick highway to
    injury.
    If you do, have the barbell at a top barely above your knees.
    The Romanian deadlift is a extremely popular deadlift model that isolates the
    posterior chain muscular tissues. While it's referred to as a "deadlift," it's significantly completely different from the traditional deadlift or another deadlift variation you may do.
    While the traditional barbell deadlift is the most common deadlift variation, there are countless variations, like the sumo deadlift vs.
    standard, for instance. Interestingly, even events like Atlas Stones seen within the sport of
    Strongman are a type of deadlift.
    To carry out the Romanian Deadlift, the individual stands with their ft
    shoulder-width apart and grasps the barbell with an overhand grip.

    Maintaining the core engaged and the again straight, they initiate the movement by hinging at the hips and
    pushing the glutes backward. As the barbell descends in path of the floor,
    the person maintains tension in the hamstrings and glutes,
    making certain that the motion is managed and the back stays straight.
    There are a couple of lifts that are great for emphasizing glute growth, all with their own pros and
    cons. The glute bridge and hip thrust are great
    for isolating the glutes, but they don’t load the glutes as heavily in a stretched position, in order that they is
    in all probability not fairly best for exciting muscle growth.

    There’s the standard type of the barbell
    deadlift—but additionally contemplate another variation that makes use of a barbell, the Romanian deadlift (otherwise often known as the RDL).

    The train is a posterior chain powerhouse, which
    allows you to goal muscular tissues in ways its basic counterpart can’t match.
    The Romanian deadlift just isn't the same as the stiff leg deadlift.
    The stiff leg deadlift makes use of a longer range of motion, where you deliver the barbell to the bottom vs.
    the Romanian deadlift the place you cease just under the knee.
    Additionally, the barbell within the stiff leg deadlift is allowed to come back off the physique,
    whereas the barbell is instructed to stay on the physique for the Romanian deadlift.
    The stiff leg deadlift activates the hamstrings more in contrast with
    the Romanian deadlift.
    You ought to do both Romanian deadlifts
    and traditional deadlifts. These two movements complement each other and might help build a
    strong program. Let's look at the deadlift and Romanian deadlift in additional element, together with how
    to arrange each of the movements, some tips about the method to perform them
    successfully, common errors, and the muscle tissue
    used. Romanian and stiff-legged deadlifts goal your hamstrings greater than the standard
    kind, making them ideal for folks wishing to strengthen this
    space.

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    It’s best for athletes and lifters who need to energy through demanding workouts like
    cable crossovers while optimizing restoration. By strategically integrating
    cable crossovers into your routine and tailoring the strategy to your particular goals,
    you can maximize their effectiveness and
    build a stronger, more outlined chest. Cable crossovers are a flexible
    and efficient exercise that can match seamlessly into any chest-focused workout.


    The focus may be very much on the middle of your chest, but the train ball engages smaller muscle
    groups to keep you secure all through. Cable machines supply a much more complete
    range of movement than free weights. This allows you to target different muscle teams and can enhance your useful power and flexibility.
    Most would agree that the perfect rep range for chest coaching could be 6-12 reps, as it’s not too heavy or
    too gentle for accumulating volume effectively.

    In this article, I reveal 20 incredible cable machine workout routines and cable chest workouts on your chest muscles to
    permit you to blast your pecs into oblivion.
    The seated cable press has a few variations, including
    this one set at an incline. The seated incline cable chest press positioning better targets
    the upper chest, with the cable pulley equipment helping to extend rigidity placed
    on the chest muscle tissue throughout the
    motion. The single-arm incline cable chest press is an excellent unilateral train that focuses on strengthening the physique and stopping
    overcompensation from one’s dominant aspect. Thanks to the incline position of
    the bench, this cable chest exercise better targets the upper chest.

    Preserve proper type all through to successfully goal the
    chest muscles and minimize any potential risk of damage.

    As A End Result Of this is a unilateral exercise you'll have to have interaction your core throughout the motion. Besides
    being a fantastic again exercise, this movement additionally works your hips, glutes, and other decrease
    body muscular tissues. You will be able to spotlight muscle imbalances by doing this
    movement whereas additionally getting a higher range of movement.
    This is a challenging movement that may work your core and stabilizing muscle tissue
    to execute correctly.
    This exercise has been a staple in chest workouts for decades as a end result of its ability to
    focus on the chest muscle tissue in a unique method. Ready to
    up your chest game and obtain some significantly spectacular positive aspects however getting
    a bit bored of the identical old barbell and dumbbell routine?

    The barbell bench press is a compound exercise performed on a bench
    utilizing a barbell. You carry out a barbell bench press by
    decreasing the barbell to the chest and pressing it back
    up. The motion of a barbell bench press targets the chest muscles, shoulders, and triceps.
    The barbell bench press is a extremely effective train for developing higher body strength, and stimulates muscle progress and strength gains within the chest.

    I not often use free weights for my chest exercises anymore because I've torn my
    pecs three occasions now. In common push-ups,
    you may be pushing at a slight incline,
    that means that they primarily target your decrease and middle chest.
    By inserting your ft on an elevation (like a low bench or box)
    and performing decline push-ups, you possibly can goal your middle and upper chest instead.
    Lastly, you're employed your whole chest once more with some cable
    chest flyes. These can after all be accomplished from a low to high place if
    you want to target your upper chest even additional.

    The machine chest fly is another chest fly variant that isolates your
    chest and entrance delts. Simply like the lying dumbbell chest fly,
    the machine chest fly works all muscle fibers in your pecs,
    together with the upper chest.
    All The Time seek the guidance of with a health skilled if you're uncertain about proper type or approach.
    You see, there are so many more chest workout routines that can assist you to swell your pecs.
    This, in turn, will make your complete body stronger, permitting you to go heavier during other lifts.

    To make certain you get probably the most out of
    the standing cable chest press, maintain proper posture all through the motion. Stand tall along with your ft planted firmly on the ground,
    interact your core, and maintain your shoulders down and back.

    This alignment not solely protects you from injuries but in addition maximizes the activation of your
    chest muscles, giving you that burn you crave during each rep.


    In Distinction To compound workout routines corresponding to bench presses,
    which target the chest, triceps and shoulders,
    the low Cable Chest Fly solely targets the chest. Right Here are the 14 finest cable chest exercises for building bigger and wider
    chests. Incorporating totally different cable exercises can effectively goal various areas of the chest, providing a extra
    complete exercise. By adjusting the angle and grip on the cable machine, you'll be able to
    focus on growing specific components of the chest while additionally addressing any muscle imbalances.

    Varying rep ranges is crucial for maximizing the effectiveness of cable chest
    exercises. By incorporating a mix of low, moderate, and high rep ranges, you
    presumably can target totally different muscle fibers, selling total
    muscle growth and development. It’s crucial to maintain correct kind throughout to successfully have
    interaction the chest muscles.
    We’ve broken down your choices based in your experience degree and
    the depth that you simply wish to bring to your workout.
    With your arm barely bent, pull the deal with across your physique until your arm is totally prolonged.
    Set up a cable pulley at shoulder top and attach a D-handle to the cable.
    Make positive to flip which foot is ahead halfway by way of each set, or alternate each set for a fair variety of sets.
    You’ll have to work your obliques more durable
    in the course of the train in order to not rotate your body.

    Squeeze your chest muscles on the peak of the motion, then slowly return to the starting position to finish the
    rep. Pause briefly, then return to the starting position and full the rep by contracting your chest muscles.
    Squeeze your chest muscles at the bottom of the
    movement, then slowly return to the beginning place.
    Begin by standing immediately in the center between 2 cables set at chest
    top. Seize the best deal with and hold it by the
    best side of your chest dealing with away from the machine, and take a small step ahead with the left foot
    to put some tension on every cable. Be certain that the cables are set slightly
    below chest peak (Your chest top when sitting down - not standing).

    With machines that slide along a set rail, stability is designed into the
    machine. With the cable machine, nevertheless, you want to create your individual stability and engage secondary muscles to maintain your hands transferring alongside the right aircraft of movement.
    Perform your chest exercise each fifth day and, with three months, you need to expect
    to add up to an inch on your chest muscles.
    When it involves getting an superior pec pumping exercise, cables are the way
    in which to go. They permit you to hammer your chest from every conceivable angle and to apply constant rigidity from begin to finish.

    To cover a few of these briefly again, cable machines are straightforward to adjust, fast to vary resistance levels, versatile in their
    attachments, and accessible to all ability levels.
    To increase the range of motion, a swiss ball can allow the shoulder blades to
    contract around the arched floor. Being on your ft permits your whole body to
    get entangled in a stabilizing capability whereas the pecs, delts and triceps guide the press.
    Some strikes concentrate on power, while others are higher
    suited for muscle progress or endurance. Different
    exercises will also give attention to the stretched or lengthened position, whereas others
    will challenge the muscle in a maximally contracted place.
    For instance, shoulder flexion motions stimulate the upper fibers of the muscle.

    The diploma of upper chest involvement will depend on how a lot you’re leaning back when urgent.
    Dumbbell shoulder workouts are additionally a great way to build your shoulders, but they lack the constant pressure that you’ll
    get with cables and resistance bands. And it’s essential to train the shoulder muscles in a means
    that not solely builds power and dimension but also maintains mobility
    and minimizes the risk of damage.
    It increases stress on the muscle fibers of the lower portion of the pec major.
    The aim is to keep your elbows in a fixed place to scale back the use of your triceps
    and get a concentrated dose of chest and shoulder stimulation. Doing the workouts
    supplied on this article will give your chest an entire exercise, focusing on equal
    parts on every part of your pectorals for improved efficiency and aesthetics.
    Your chest is made up of two muscular tissues, the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor.


    Cable machines are a staple of most gyms and supply a good way to
    strengthen and tone your biceps. In this text, we are going to cowl a list of the simplest cable biceps workouts
    and tips on how to carry out them for the most effective outcomes.
    They may help build muscle, enhance strength, and enhance coordination. Cable exercises
    involve using a cable machine and adjustable weights to do
    various workout routines.
    With the flat, incline, and decline fly, you might also try one arm flys.
    This will let you hone in on one side at a time and incorporate your core extra.
    After we run by way of all the cable presses, we are going
    to get into the flys and pullovers. You can use them for training each muscle group,
    and folks of different sizes and shapes can adjust them to train their target muscles optimally.

    Cable chest workouts are unbelievable for
    building sturdy, well-balanced pecs. However with a stability ball, there is
    no stable platform, but the ball will shift and roll beneath you.
    This means your core muscle tissue need to do significantly more
    work to keep you secure while you’re bench urgent.

    Keep up to date with the latest insights, specialists suggestions,
    and proven strategies to enhance your powerlifting performance and
    elevate your energy coaching journey. The exercise beneath is a common chest workout designed with
    shaping, toning and muscular endurance in thoughts.
    I have put collectively a collection of the above-introduced workout routines to type a
    ‘Cable Chest Day Workout’ you could try out! If there are some
    of these you haven’t carried out earlier than, watch the video links offered within the train descriptions to offer you some further steerage.

    The finest method to progress is to stay to 1 variable for a given time period.
    Reps shall be increased as nicely, but only till you
    attain the max in your rep range, so actually the primary target is weight load.

    In regards to the precise load, the cable machine is unique in two ways.

    In conclusion, these cable workout routines supply a flexible and efficient way
    to target your chest muscles. They are practical, simple to implement, and efficient for anyone looking to strengthen and sculpt their pectoral muscles.
    The cable incline fly targets the upper chest, offering a deep stretch and effective contraction in each repetition. This train enhances pectoral muscle growth and
    helps in achieving a well-defined chest. The seated single
    arm cable row is one of the finest cable again workout routines
    as a outcome of it's unilateral the place you will work one aspect of your body
    at a time.
    Hex press by the Smith machine provides efficient engagement and
    excellent weight distribution. However, organizing isn’t simple and requires
    a lot of consideration and particulars. This cable
    pullover train is another nice possibility to target the lower pec and develop your chest.
    It helps to develop and outline the lower and the Internal pectoral muscles.
    When it involves reaching a well-developed chest, relying solely on the bench press may not
    be sufficient.
    This puts more pressure on your pectoral muscle tissue compared to a standard bench
    press but will lead to larger features. Sure, a cable machine offers
    fixed rigidity throughout the workout routines,
    which will allow you to to build lean muscle extra quickly.
    That's why a number of the greatest chest workouts are carried out utilizing cables.
    This exercise is not about vertical movement, and it's necessary to only press forward.

    To maximize the main focus in your lower chest muscular tissues, decrease the angle of your cable fly to a decline.
    The result's higher muscle pressure and a greater exercise on your shoulders, triceps, forearms,
    and even your core. The beauty of utilizing cables for the bench press is that you
    simply get an increased workout throughout the complete train. You’ll need to work onerous to push the burden up, however even at the peak of the movement, the cable
    is forcing your muscular tissues to tense.
    You’ll get no "break" between the concentric and eccentric phases of the cable bench press variation. Cable machine chest
    exercises present nice variety, ease of use, and safe coaching
    options for all. Whether Or Not you’re learning to stabilize your shoulder or want to develop a better-looking chest for
    the poolside, cable chest workouts are an excellent
    choice.

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