Viete, ako dostávajú víchrice svoje mená?

Napísal Počasie & Radar 25. február 2022

Eunice, Ylenia, Zeynep či Antónia – mená, ktoré sa v poslednom období skloňovali veľmi často. Išlo totiž o víchrice, ktoré so sebou do Európy priniesli veľmi silný vietor a zrážky. Viete však, prečo sa volajú práve takto a odkiaľ dostávajú svoje mená?

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Rozsiahle frontálne systémy dostávajú svoje mená v tom prípade, ak si vyžadujú pozornosť verejnosti – tak sú lepšie rozpoznateľné. Zdroj: Počasie & Radar

Posledné víchrice v Európe

V priebehu minulého týždňa dorazili do Európy tri rozsiahle frontálne systémy a spôsobili množstvo nepríjemností: v Anglicku bol nameraný historicky najsilnejší poryv vetra v histórii anglických meteorologických meraní (196 km/h), v Poľsku sa vyskytlo viacero tornád, o život prišlo, žiaľ, až 26 ľudí, len v Nemecku sa materiálne škody vyšplhali na 1,6 miliardy €, milióny domácností v celej Európe zostali bez elektriny, bolo poškodených nespočetné množstvo stromov, k obmedzeniam došlo aj v cestnej, vlakovej či leteckej doprave.

Našťastie, naše dnešné vedomosti v oblasti meteorológie a technika nám dokážu pomôcť v tom, že podobné život ohrozujúce počasie dokážeme spoľahlivo včas predpovedať a pripraviť sa na neho. Bez toho by boli škody určite ešte rozsiahlejšie. Práve preto, aby boli jednotlivé výraznejšie frontálne systémy (rozsiahlejšie tlakové níže a výše, víchrice či búrky) širokej verejnosti ľahšie rozpoznateľné, dostávajú svoje mená. Tak sa im dostane aj viac pozornosti.

Všeobecné pravidlá prideľovania mien

Podľa odporúčaní Svetovej meteorologickej organizácie (WMO) by sa mali striedať mužské a ženská mená – v párnych rokoch dostávajú tlakové výše mužské mená a tlakové níže ženské. V nepárnych rokoch je to zase naopak. Mená by mali byť maximálne trojslabičné a všeobecne známe, navyše by nemali obsahovať žiadne špeciálne znaky (aby ich bolo možné použiť medzinárodne).

Špecifiká jednotlivých krajín

Pomenovanie frontálnych systémov nemá však jednotnú stratégiu. V zásade platí, že je ovplyvnené výberom tej krajiny, ktorú front zasiahne.

V Nemecku je možné si mená pre tlakové výše a níže kúpiť – možno dobrý tip na originálny darček nielen pre nadšencov počasia! Túto možnosť ponúka Meteorologický inštitút Slobodnej univerzity v Berlíne. Táto tradícia je tu už od roku 1954 a od roku 2002 si môže patronát zakúpiť aj súkromná osoba. Zoznam mien sa vytvára stále na nasledujúci rok.

V Škandinávii si mená „preberajú“. V prípade, že búrka zasiahne Dánsko a Dánsko jej pridelí meno, Švédsko prevezme tento názov a naopak. Holandsko, Veľká Británia a Írsko spojili svoje sily v pomenovaniach a svoje zoznamy mien vytvárajú v septembri na ďalší rok dopredu (o menách môžu hlasovať aj obyvatelia týchto krajín). Rovnako spolupracujú aj krajiny ako Belgicko, Francúzsko, Španielsko a Portugalsko.

Rakúsko, Švajčiarsko, Poľsko, Česko a Slovensko preberajú poväčšinou nemecké pomenovania pri informovaní o výskyte týchto poveternostných javov.

Vyradenie zo zoznamu

Príležitostne sa mená zo zoznamu vyradzujú, a to v tom prípade, ak pomenúvajú búrky či víchrice, ktoré spôsobili veľmi rozsiahle škody. Takýto osud mali mená ako Sandy či Katrina. 

Aktuálna predpoveď počasia

Aj dnes môžeme očakávať na našom území silný vietor a dážď: zodpovednosť za to ponesie tlaková níž Bibi, ktorá k nám dorazí zo severozápadu. Jej postup môžete sledovať na meteoradare v aplikácii Počasie & Radar. Bezplatná aplikácia Počasie & Radar je k dispozícii pre Android i iOS.

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Aktuálne počasie: níž Bibi. Zdroj: Počasie & Radar

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