Viete, aké zaujímavosti a tajomstvá skrýva Dunaj?

Dunaj, druhá najdlhšia európska rieka, ktorá preteká územím desiatich krajín, bola svedkom mnohých zásadných míľnikov dejín nielen východnej Európy. Vo vlnách aj na brehoch tohto mohutného toku nájdeme množstvo tajomstiev, fascinujúcich príbehov a osudov.

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V poslednom čase si Dunaj a obyvatelia jeho okolia zaslúžili pozornosť tvorcov dokumentárneho seriálu Dunaj – proti prúdu, ktorý môžete sledovať na televíznej stanici Spektrum. Prečítajte si 10 fascinujúcich vecí, ktoré vám v škole nepovedali.

1. Pochované nemecké lode

Vo vlnách Dunaja, v oblasti rumunsko-srbských hraníc, sa nachádza množstvo vrakov potopených nemeckých lodí. Lode na konci druhej svetovej vojny potopili sami Nemci preto, aby sa nedostali do rúk Sovietov. Lode sú nebezpečné na dopravu po rieke, najmä kvôli výbušninám a munícii, ktoré sa v nich dodnes nachádzali. Na jar tohto roku tak bol schválený plán na ich vylovenie.

2. Výbuch, ktorý zabil tisíce

Dunajské brehy boli miestom nejednej tragédie. Napríklad pevnosť v srbskom meste Smederevo. Pevnosť slúžila počas druhej svetovej vojny ako nemecký muničný sklad. 5. júna roku 1941 došlo v sklade k výbuchu. Explózia zasiahla celé mesto do okolia desiatich kilometrov, zničila južnú časť pevnosti, neďaleké nádražie aj väčšinu domov. Výbuch zabil 2 500 obyvateľov Smedereva a zranil ďalších 5 500.

3. Attilov hrob

Miesto posledného odpočinku obávaného hunského bojovníka nie je známe, pretože cez neho vraj bola odvedená rieka. Podľa jednej z legiend sa tak hrob s tromi rakvami – zlatou, striebornou a železnou a obrovským množstvom pokladov môže nachádzať v sútoku Dunaja a Sávy po Belehradskú pevnosť Kalemegdan.

4. Ostrov sĺz

Dejiny Dunaja sú pohnuté rovnako ako dejiny samotnej východnej Európy. Jednou z tragických pripomienok je pamätník na ostrove Belene, ktorý pripomína koncentračný pracovný tábor, ktorý tu bol vybudovaný v roku 1949. V tomto mimoriadne krutom tábore komunistická vláda Bulharska mučila a likvidovala politických väzňov a asimilácii vzdorujúcich Turkov. Oficiálne tábor fungoval do roku 1962, de facto bol ale uzavretý až v roku 1989.

5. Rozstrieľaná vodárenská veža

Dunaj preteká okrem iného chorvátskym mestom Vukovar, ktoré bolo dejiskom jednej z najkrvavejších bitiek vojny o Juhosláviu. V septembri 1991 sa tu stretli Chorváti s Juhoslovanskou ľudovou armádou. Mesto bolo kompletne zničené a došlo aj k masakrom civilného obyvateľstva. Jedným z tragických následkov bitky bol masaker na neďalekej farme Ovčara. Tu príslušníci Juhoslovanskej armády popravili 260 chorvátskych vojakov a civilistov. Tento čin bol Medzinárodným tribunálom v Haagu označený za vojnový zločin. Tieto udalosti dodnes pripomína guľkami ťažko poškodená vodárenská veža vo Vukovare.

6. Krv vo vlnách

Veľmi smutný pomník na brehu Dunaja nájdeme priamo v centre Budapešti. Po dĺžke 300 metrov sú tu umiestené železné topánky, ktoré pripomínajú cez 3500 maďarských židov, ktorí boli na konci druhej svetovej vojny postrieľaní a vhodení do rieky príslušníkmi nacistickej Strany šípových krížov.

7. Terorista na úteku

Neďaleko Dunaja v oblasti Vojvodiny v dnešnom Srbsku sa narodil Szilveszter Matuska. Matuska v roku 1931 spôsobil vykoľajenie dvoch vlakov, použil k tomu dynamit. Celkovo takto zranil cez 200 cestujúcich a 22 osôb pri nešťastí zahynulo. Matuska bol ešte toho roku zatknutý vo Viedni a uväznený v maďarskej väznici Vác. Odtiaľ ale v roku 1945 utiekol a odvtedy o ňom nikto nepočul.

8. Poslední malomocní v Európe

V rumunskom meste Tichilești neďaleko hraníc s Ukrajinou nájdete posledné leprosárium v Európe. Podobné kolónie pre chorých na lepru vznikali v Európe už od raného stredoveku a úplne vymizli až v 20. storočí. Jedinú výnimku na kontinente tvorí práve tábor v Tichilești, tunajšie leprosárium vzniklo v roku 1875 a funguje dodnes. Najtragickejšou etapou jeho existencie bolo obdobie komunistickej vlády. O leprosáriu sa nemohlo hovoriť, ani poznať jeho presnú polohu, všetci privezení chorí boli úradne zaznamenaní ako mŕtvi, aby ich nikto nehľadal a v prípadnom odchode im bránila armáda. Situácia miestnych chorých sa zlepšila až s medializáciou začiatkom nového tisícročia a následnou dotáciou z Európskej únie. Dnes v kolónii žije posledných 10 obyvateľov.

9. Kanál smrti

Takéto pomenovanie si zaslúžil 64 kilometrov dlhý kanál Dunaj-Čierne more postavený v rokoch 1949 až 1984. Kanál skracuje prístup do prístavu Konstanta a je kľúčovým miestom kadiaľ prúdi tovar z celého sveta. Monumentálny projekt Nicolae Ceaușeska má ale temnú históriu. Stavba bola totiž táborom nútených prác. V otrasných podmienkach tu zahynuli tisíce ľudí, najnižšie odhady uvádzali desaťtisíce.

10. Pochovaný pirát

Hrob piráta, jediný svojho druhu v Európe, nájdete v rumunskom prístavnom meste Sulina. Pirát je pochovaný na slávnom medzinárodnom cintoríne, kde vedľa seba ležia Rumuni, ortodoxní Rusi, Gréci, Turci, Židia, britskí námorníci, obchodníci aj niekoľko princov. Hrob gréckeho, legendami opradeného piráta, Kontogurisa spoznáte ľahko vďaka znaku lebky so skríženými hnátmi.

13 komentárov

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