Kráľovské venné mestá pozývajú na návštevu Českej republiky

Napísal Czech Tourism 22. jún 2022

Deväť miest, ktoré až na jednu výnimku ležia vo východných Čechách, spája nielen spoločná história, ale aj vzájomná spolupráca na propagáciu turistickej ponuky pre domácich aj zahraničných návštevníkov.

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Dvůr Králové nad Labem, Hradec Králové, Chrudim, Jaroměř, Mělník, Nový Bydžov, Polička, Trutnov a Vysoké Mýto patrili v minulosti českým kráľovnám.

Hradec Králové, Chrudim a Vysoké Mýto daroval Eliške Rejčke Václav II. v rokoch 1304-1305, jej druhý manžel jej v roku 1307 venoval Poličku a v rovnakom roku získala Jaroměř od svojho svokra Albrechta I. Habsburského. V roku 1400 boli pripísané ďalšie mestá – Hradec Králové, Chrudim a Vysoké Mýto tentokrát Žofii Bavorskej jej mužom Václavom IV. Posledné mesto s prídomkom venné je Nový Bydžov, ktorý bol venovaný v roku 1569 Maximiliánom II. Márii Španielskej.

Venné mestá boli predovšetkým zdrojom príjmov českých kráľovien. Kráľovné z nich vyberali tzv. šošovné, čo bola daň, ktorú mešťania odvádzali dvakrát do roka. Navyše kráľovná dostávala od miest dary v podobe zveri, rýb, obilia alebo ďalších komodít. Kráľovné však nemohli s mestami nakladať ako so svojím majetkom, napr. ho predať alebo dať do zástavy.

Mestá boli pre kráľovné aj miestom zábavy, rovnako ako útočiskom, kam sa uchyľovali v ťažkých chvíľach. Napríklad Hradec Králové si zvolili za svoje sídlo Eliška Rejčka a Eliška Pomořanská, v Mělníku sa zdržiavala Barbora Celská a Johana z Rožmitálu. Kráľovné sa v niekoľkých prípadoch priamo zaslúžili o rozvoj mesta. Napríklad Eliška Rejčka nechala vybudovať terajšiu Katedrálu Sv. Ducha v Hradci Králové, čím si vyslúžila prezývku hradecká kráľovná. Žofia Bavorská nechala dostavať terajší arcidekanský kostol Nanebevzetí Panny Marie v Chrudime a trojlodie chrámu svätého Jána Krstiteľa v Dvore Králové nad Labem.

Venné mestá postupne strácali význam, najskôr po bitke na Bielej hore v roku 1620, a potom definitívne po roku 1918, kedy so vznikom republiky venné mestá ako právna forma prestali existovať.

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Nič to však nemení na tom, že všetkých deväť miest tu stále stojí a návštevníkom radi pripomenú svoju slávnu históriu. Ich výhodou je, že až na jednu výnimku ležia blízko seba. Štyri z nich dokonca na medzinárodnej cyklotrase Labská stezka. Pri dobrom plánovaní ich môže návštevník stihnúť viac, napríklad počas dovolenky alebo predĺženého víkendu. A nebude ľutovať, ponuka je naozaj pestrá.

Na webe vennamesta.cz si z ponuky výletov vyberie každý: milovníci architektúry a histórie, rodiny s deťmi, školské kolektívy, seniori aj cykloturisti.

Malá ochutnávka:

DVŮR KRÁLOVÉ NAD LABEM

Jedna z najväčších zoo v Českej republike, expozícia výroby vianočných ozdôb a textilnej tlače, múzeum cyklistiky a bylinková záhrada v barokovom areáli v Žirči, neďaleká priehrada Les Království.

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HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ

Architektúra „salónu republiky“, cyklotrasy v mestských lesoch aj na bojisku prusko-rakúskej vojny 1866, zábavno-poznávacia ponuka pre deti „lev Gustík“.

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CHRUDIM

Bábky z celého sveta, expozícia barokových sôch, rekreačné lesy Podhůra, v okolí tradícia chovu koní a expozícia zo života Keltov.

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JAROMĚŘ

Podzemné chodby Pevnosti Josefov a ďalšie pevnostné objekty, riečne kúpele, Železničné múzeum Výtopna, neďaleký hospitál Kuks a Braunův Betlém.

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MĚLNÍK

Výhľad zo zámku na sútok Labe s Vltavou, podzemie s hlbokou studňou, expozícia tradície výroby vína.

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NOVÝ BYDŽOV

Jeden z najstarších židovských cintorínov v Českej republike, múzeum hračiek a expozícia prvého českého polárnika.

POLIČKA

Rodná izbička Bohuslava Martinů vo veži kostola, zachovalé hradby s devätnástimi baštami, stredoveký hrad Svojanov.

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TRUTNOV

Brána do Krkonôš, príbeh draka, tkáčske múzeum, pevnosť Stachelberg, traily pre bajkerov, chodníky na bojisku prusko-rakúskej vojny 1866.

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VYSOKÉ MÝTO

Moderná expozícia karosárstva, najväčšie štvorcové námestie v Čechách, stredoveké hradby a mestské brány, trailové trate a neďaleký barokový areál Vraclav.

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Zdroj foto: Czech Tourism, www.vennamesta.cz

3 komentárov

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