Škola pre vodiace a asistenčné psy

Títo špeciálne vycvičení štvornohí priateľa človeka sú veľkí pomocníci ľudí so zrakovým postihnutím. Proces ich prípravy nie je vôbec jednoduchý.


V prvom rade je potrebné mať k dispozícii psa, ktorý má vhodnú povahu. Z toho dôvodu máme účelový chov, v ktorom chováme psy, ktoré sú povahovo vhodné na túto prácu. To znamená, že sú ľahko ovládateľné človekom, radi pre človeka pracujú a majú trošku nižší temperament, ako je u labradora bežné,“ vysvetlila Katarína Kubišová z Výcvikovej školy pre vodiace a asistenčné psy.

Šťastné detstvo

Šteniatka špeciálnych chovných sučiek putujú v siedmich týždňoch do rodín dobrovoľníkov, ktorí sa im venujú približne do 12-tich až 14-tich mesiacov. Dobrovoľníci učia šteniatka, čo je dovolené a čo zakázané v ľudskom svete, doprajú šteňatám šťastné detstvo s dostatkom výbehu a kontaktu s inými psami. To všetko je dôležité pre dobrý psychický vývoj psa.

Učia ich bežné veci ako zostať doma osamote v pokoji, neničiť zariadenie bytu, neštekať, nevyskakovať na nábytok, nevyskakovať na človeka, slušne chodiť na vodítku. Budujú pozitívny vzťah psa k človeku, socializujú ho na mestské prostredie, to je veľmi dôležitá súčasť toho procesu, pretože bez kvalitnej socializácie by pes nebol schopný sústrediť sa na prácu v náročnom prostredí,“ uviedla Katarína Kubišová.

Krmivo ušité priamo na mieru

Vo veku jedného roka absolvujú psy hodnotenia povahy a zdravotného stavu, na základe ktorých sú zaradené do výcviku, alebo z programu školy vyradené. Dobrý zdravotný stav psa je absolútny základ, aby vodiaci pes mohol plnohodnotne pomáhať človeku so zrakovým postihnutím. K tomu je potrebné aj kvalitné krmivo a kvalitná výživa psa. Labradory pre svoju chuť do jedla trpia často obezitou a problémami s kĺbmi a kosťami.

„Labrador potrebuje krmivo, ktoré mu pomáha udržiavať ideálnu váhu a podporuje vývoj silných kostí a kĺbov. Granuly by mali obsahovať zvýšené množstvo bielkovín (30 %) a menej tukov (13 %), L-karnitín, ktorý zaisťuje lepšie spaľovanie tukov, pes teda nepriberá a cíti sa fit. Vhodné krmivo pre labradora obsahuje aj psylium a jačmeň. Tie umocnia pocit sýtosti, takže labrador bude spokojný i po podaní menšieho množstva krmiva,“ vysvetľuje MVDr. Lucia Repová z Royal Canin.


Výcvik a odovzdanie psa

Psi vo výcviku sú umiestnené v domácnosti trénera. Ten psa postupne učí cviky potrebné k vodeniu nevidiaceho. Výcvik trvá zhruba 6-8 mesiacov a posledná tretina výcviku ako aj záverečná skúška prebieha tak, že tréner má na očiach nepriehľadné okuliare. Po úspešne zloženej skúške nasleduje najťažšia časť celého procesu -  odovzdanie psa klientovi. Je to najťažšia časť z toho dôvodu, že jednoducho v priebehu týždňa sa človek, ktorý nemá zrakovú kontrolu, a často nemá kynologické vedomosti, musí naučiť nielen kompletnú starostlivosť o psa – od česania, návštevy veterinára až po správne kŕmenie a výživu psa, ale samozrejme aj samotné prvky potrebné k vodeniu a ovládaniu psa, jednoducho k správnej komunikácii so psom. Čiže je to veľmi náročný týždeň aj pre nás, aj pre psa, aj pre klienta,“ uviedla Katarína Kubišová. Po tomto celom procese môže byť pes odovzdaný do skúšobnej doby človeku so zrakovým postihnutím. „Po skúšobnej dobe, môže klient povedať, či mu pes vyhovuje alebo nevyhovuje, my môžeme zhodnotiť, či im to funguje alebo nie, či je to vhodná dvojica a môže sa tento psík ešte vrátiť eventuálne k nám do školy, ale málokedy sa toto stáva,“ uzavrela Katarína Kubišová z Výcvikovej školy pre vodiace a asistenčné psy.

Poslaním Výcvikovej školy pre vodiace a asistenčné psy je pomoc zrakovo postihnutým ľuďom pri integrácii, prostredníctvom špeciálne vycvičeného vodiaceho psa. Samostatný a bezpečný pohyb prostredníctvom vodiaceho psa v porovnaní s chôdzou pomocou bielej palice, oslobodzuje zrakovo postihnutého od psychického napätia, dodáva mu pocit istoty, sebadôvery a poskytuje nezávislosť od vidiacich sprievodcov. „Mať vodiaceho psa je veľká starosť, ešte väčšia radosť a najväčší krok k samostatnosti,“ hovorí PeadDr. Imrich Bartaloš, zakladateľ výcvikovej školy pre vodiacich psov a používateľ vodiaceho psa.

Výcviková škola pre vodiace a asistenčné psy má dlhoročných podporovateľov - adoptívnych rodičov.

„Prispievame vo forme sponzorského a ešte dávame každý rok 2%. Ja som si povedala perspektívne, manžel má dosť silné okuliare, dcéry majú okuliare, že možno jedenkrát v živote bude niekto z nás niečo také potrebovať, tak sme sa snažili tie peniažky niekde  rozumne umiestniť. Povedali sme si, že to má zmysel. A pokiaľ nám to práca a finančné možnosti dovolia, budeme dlhodobými sponzormi naďalej.“ povedala dlhoročná adoptívna „mama“ vodiacich psíkov z Nitry.


Výcviková škola pre vodiace a asistenčné psy (VŠVAP) v Bratislave zabezpečuje účelový chov, výchovu, výcvik, odovzdanie psa klientovi a tyflokynologický servis (pomoc a poradenstvo v oblasti kynológie vodiacich psov). Za 20 rokov existencie (od roku 1995) tu vycvičili a odovzdali klientom 117 vodiacich a 2 asistenčné psy, 35 z nich je v súčasnosti v aktívnej službe.

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