Venus Jahanpour

"Iránky sa realizujú predovšetkým v rodine, ale sú v nej skutočnými "vládkyňami"; určujú celý chod domácnosti, rozhodujú o peniazoch aj o výchove detí."

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femme: Pani Venus, vašim rodiskom je Irán, študovali ste vo Švédsku a už viac ako trinásť rokov žijete na Slovensku...
V. Jahanpour: Začiatkom deväťdesiatych rokov som bola na "študentskej výmene" v Olomouci. Tam som stretla svojho manžela, ktorý je britským občanom a v tom čase sa v Čechách a na Slovensku venoval umeleckej práci. Ocitli sme sa teda na Slovensku a dnes je to už trinásť rokov, čo tu žijeme aj so svojimi tromi dcérami. Obaja tu máme prácu a vyzerá to tak, že sme (neplánovane) zapustili hlbšie korene... Zatiaľ bývame v prenajatom domčeku v Stupave, no chystáme sa postaviť si vlastné bývanie.

femme: Pochádzate z moslimskej krajiny. Môžete porovnať spoločenské postavenie iránskej a slovenskej ženy?
V. Jahanpour: Asi nemusím popisovať rozdiely v obliekaní a správaní sa žien na verejnosti, to je všeobecne známe... Zaujímavejšie je, že existuje "niečo", čo pri porovnávaní postavenia slovenskej a iránskej ženy vyznieva v prospech moslimského "spôsobu života": Na Slovensku majú ženy síce ústavne zabezpečené všetky práva, ale v praxi majú oveľa menšiu "moc" ako ženy v Iráne. Iránky sa realizujú predovšetkým v rodine, ale sú v nej skutočnými "vládkyňami"; určujú celý chod domácnosti, rozhodujú o peniazoch aj o výchove detí. Slovenské ženy sa starajú o rodinu a zároveň chodia do práce, pretože obyčajne musia; a hoci ťažké bremeno domácich prác a ostatných rodinných povinností leží hlavne na ich pleciach, o rodinných záležitostiach samostatne nerozhodujú.

femme: Ako je to vo Švédsku?
V. Jahanpour: Rozdiely v postavení žien v Iráne a Škandinávii sú veľké. Niečo je podľa môjho názoru lepšie, niečo horšie. V Iráne, tak ako na Slovensku, žije rodina zomknutejšie. V Iráne žijú dcéry a synovia v rodičovskom dome až kým si nezaložia vlastné rodiny a rodičia im hradia všetky výdavky (bývanie, jedlo, ošatenie, štúdium...). Vo Švédsku odchádza väčšina mladých ľudí hneď po skončení strednej školy z domu a usilujú o maximálnu samostatnosť. Keďže sú tu dostupné študentské pôžičky, mnoho mladých ľudí študuje. Rodinné väzby sú vo Švédsku pomerne voľné a dôsledkom toho je, že množstvo starších ľudí žije veľmi osamelo. Švédsko je však bohatá krajina a môže poskytovať rôzne sociálne vymoženosti. Napríklad slobodná matka je v tejto krajine bežnou, spoločensky akceptovanou skutočnosťou. Všetky zákony tu myslia na úlohu ženy-matky a spoločenské postavenie matky je rovnocenné spoločenskému postaveniu zamestnanej ženy či muža. So ženami sa vo Švédsku všade počíta.

femme: Ste matkou troch dcér a na Slovensku ste založili anglickú materskú škôlku; s výchovnými problémami sa teda stretávate každý deň... Môžete jednotlivé krajiny porovnať z tohto hľadiska?
V. Jahanpour: Chlapci sú v Iráne vychovávaní v duchu ich budúceho postavenia v spoločnosti. Voči ženám sa teda cítia byť nadradení, zároveň však vedia, že sa musia postarať o prosperitu všetkých členov rodiny. Celkovo sa však život vo väčších iránskych mestách približuje k európskemu modelu.
Švédsko je krajina "voľnosti", čo sa prejavuje aj pri výchove detí: obe pohlavia sú vedené k samostatnosti a odlišnosti sa nezdôrazňujú. Má to paušálnu platnosť: od výberu hračiek, cez správanie až po výber povolania. Aj materskú dovolenku si vo Švédsku veľmi často berú "na výmenu" obaja rodičia, niekedy je dokonca na materskej dovolenke len otec. Na Slovensku sa podľa mojich skúseností robia vo výchove veľké rozdiely: chlapcom sa priveľa vecí toleruje, nekrotí sa ich nevhodná agresivita a sú rozmaznávaní; dievčatá sú príliš zavčasu vedené k zodpovednosti a starostlivosti. V dospelosti sa to prejavuje tak, že slovenské ženy žijú akoby pre mužov a nemajú svoj vlastný život; napriek tomu, že väčšina dievčat študuje a Slovensko má veľmi vysokú zamestnanosť žien. Pri spomínanom trende vo výchove však nemôžu z dievčat vyrásť samostatné, sebavedomé bytosti. Nesprávna výchova spôsobuje, že sa ženy snažia uspokojiť predovšetkým predstavy a potreby mužov, nech už je ich ekonomická situácia akákoľvek.

Ďakujeme za rozhovor.

 

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