Najväčšie mýty o zajakavosti: Ozaj ju spôsobuje nervozita?

Napísal Kristína Chudá 23. november 2022

Zajakáva sa váš drobec? Koktanie je porucha reči, pri ktorej je plynulosť reči nechtiac a neúmyselne prerušovaná opakovaním, predlžovaním, prípadne neschopnosťou vysloviť hlásky, slabiky či časti slov. O tejto vade koluje celý rad omylov, poloprávd a čudujte sa svetu, aj záhad.

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Zdroj foto: Freepik.com

Ľudia po stáročia považovali koktanie za „pomätenosť“, a tak ako pri mnohých záhadách, tak aj tu sa to snažili vysvetliť folklórom. Kedysi ľudia v niektorých kultúrach verili, že dieťa sa zajakávalo pretože jeho matka videla hada počas tehotenstva. Aj keď žijeme v 21. storočí a vieme, že koktanie je pravdepodobne neurologického alebo genetického pôvodu, stále existujú mýty o zajakávaní. Aká je teda skutočnosť?

Mýtus č.1: Koktanie spôsobuje nervozita.

Skutočnosť: Dieťa, ktoré sa zajakáva, nemusí byť vôbec nervózne, v strese alebo úzkostné či ostýchavé. Nervozita teda nie je príčinou.

Mýtus č.2: Deti, ktoré koktajú, sú plaché a s nízkym sebavedomím.

Skutočnosť:  Deti, ktoré sa zajakávajú, síce nechcú hovoriť na verejnosti, ale inak to nie sú hanblivé deti. Postupom času, keď sa drobci so zajakávaním vyrovnajú, môžu z nich vyrásť asertívni, otvorení a sebavedomí ľudia. Mnohí uspeli vo vedúcich pozíciách, ktoré si vyžadujú umenie reči.

Mýtus č.3: Koktavosť je psychická porucha.

Skutočnosť: Zajakávanie často sprevádzajú emocionálne faktory, ale v prvom rade to nie je psychický stav a ani porucha. Liečba zajakávania často zahŕňa poradenstvo, ktoré má pomôcť so zajakávaním, s postojmi a strachmi, ktoré môžu byť výsledkom zajakávania sa.

Mýtus č.4: Deti, ktoré sa zajakávajú, sú menej inteligentné alebo schopné.

Skutočnosť: Deti, ktoré sa zajakávajú, tento mýtus doslova vyvracajú. Je mnoho známych vedcov, spisovateľov a vysokoškolských profesorov, ktorí sa zajakávali, no dosiahli úspech v každej profesii, ktorú si viete predstaviť.

Mýtus č.5: Zajakávanie je spôsobené emočnou traumou.

Skutočnosť:  Vedci tvrdia, že trauma síce môže spôsobiť zajakávanie u dieťaťa, ale len vtedy, ktoré už je na zajakávanie náchylné. No všeobecne vedecký konsenzus je taký, že trauma zvyčajne nie je hlavnou príčinou poruchy. 

Mýtus č.6: Koktavosť je spôsobená zlým rodičovstvom.

Skutočnosť:  Keď sa dieťa zajakáva, nie je to chyba rodičov. Stres v rodine síce môže zhoršovať koktanie, ale nie je príčinou.

Mýtus č.7: Deti, ktoré koktajú napodobňujú príbuzného, ktorý sa zajakáva.

Skutočnosť: Koktavosť nie je nákazlivá. Na vine sú gény. Je veľká pravdepodobnosť, že ak máte v rodine človeka, ktorý sa zajakáva, postretne to aj vašu ratolesť.

Mýtus č.8: Koktanie vzniká preučením ľaváka na praváka.

Skutočnosť:  Pred rokmi sa k tomuto názoru prikláňalo veľa odborníkov, no súčasné štúdie túto domnienku úplne vyvracajú. Nevylučuje sa však, že stres a nervové vypätie spôsobené násilnou snahou o preučené dieťaťa môže koktanie zhoršovať.


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