Európske štátiky (II.)

Európske "mini-štáty" sú nielen významnou turistickou atrakciou starého kontinentu, ale aj príkladom prosperity a "fungovania v malom".

Monako

Hlavné mesto: Monaco. Rozloha: 1,95 km štvorcových. Počet obyvateľov: 31.900. Mena: francúzsky frank. Úradný jazyk: francúzština. Forma štátu: konštitučná dedičná monarchia. Náboženstvo: katolícke (90 %).

Sedem storočí toto malé kniežatsvo pri francúzsko-talianskych hraniciach ovláda starý janovský rod Grimaldiovcov; a vyzerá to tak, že ho bude ovládať i naďalej. Zjavne totiž nehrozí, že by sa Monacké kniežatstvo stalo francúzskym protektorátom - ako to vyplýva zo zmluvy s Francúzskom z roku 1918, podľa ktorej po vymretí rodu Grimaldiovcov prechádza Monako pod francúzsku kuratelu. Monacké kniežatstvo je dnes rozkošný bohatý malý štátik disponujúci morom, slnkom, palmami, kasínami, automobilovými pretekmi a rôznymi spoločenskými udalosťami, vďaka čomu sa stáva vyhľadávaným cieľom mnohých celebrít a boháčov.


San Maríno

Hlavné mesto: San Marino. Rozloha: 61 km štvorcových. Počet obyvateľov: 25.600. Mena: talianska líra. Úradný jazyk: taliančina. Forma štátu: parlamentná republika. Náboženstvo: katolícke (99 %).

Hornaté San Maríno nachádzajúce sa na výbežku talianskych Apenín dokázalo stáročia úspešne uzatvárať veľmi výhodné spojenectvá, v záujme zachovania si samostatnosti. Francúzsky cisár Napoleon I. dokonca v roku 1797 ponúkol San Marínu (jednej z najstarších republík) zväčšenie územia. San Maríno založil podľa legendy v 4. storočí svätý Marinus, ktorý odviedol do neprístupných apeninských vrchov prenasledovaných kresťanov. Dnes San Maríno naplno kooperuje s okolitým Talianskom a zdrojom jeho príjmov sú predovšetkým turisti, ľahký priemysel a poštové známky.


Vatikán

Hlavné mesto: Vatikán. Rozloha: 0,44 km štvorcových. Počet obyvateľov: 850. Mena: talianska líra. Úradný jazyk: latinčina, taliančina. Forma štátu: monarchia. Náboženstvo: katolícke.

Malá enkláva Vatikán, nachádzajúca sa uprostred Ríma, je mestským cirkevným štátom vo forme monarchie, na čele ktorej stojí pápež, hlava rímskokatolíckej cirkvi. Vatikánu patria kultúrne poklady sveta ako Chrám svätého Petra, Sixtínska kaplnka, pápežský palác, Veľká obrazáreň a niekoľko múzeí, na ktorých výzdobe sa podieľali najväčší umelci svojej doby. Celkovo vlastní Vatikán obrovské majetky, ktoré sú od čias pápeža Gregora Veľkého (590-604) pod systematickou správou; pričom za ich skutočného vlastníka je tradične pokladaný apoštol Peter (Patrimonium Petra - majetky Petra).

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  • Komentár Filomena %PM, %02 %775 %2025 %17:%máj napísal Filomena

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