Opotrebovanosť pneumatík a hrozba aquaplaningu

Silné letné dažde ohrozujú vodičov nielen z dôvodu výrazne zníženej viditeľnosti, ale aj kvôli zhoršenej priľnavosti pneumatík k vozovke. V extrémnych prípadoch dochádza k aquaplaningu, pri ktorom pneumatika pri jazde nestihne dostatočne rýchlo odviesť hromadiacu sa vodu. 

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Voda sa následne dostane medzi povrch vozovky a behúň pneumatiky, ktorá tak stráca s povrchom priamy kontakt a automobil sa stáva neovládateľným. Aby sa vodiči tomuto javu vyhli, musia jazdu prispôsobiť aktuálnemu počasiu, pri extrémnych situáciách dokonca zastaviť. Veľmi dôležitými atribútmi, ktoré majú vplyv na možnosť výskytu aquaplaningu, sú stav pneumatiky, jej správna hustota a miera opotrebovania dezénu. Riziko aquaplaningu sa zvyšuje v spojitosti s nekvalitným povrchom komunikácie, keď sa vytvárajú súvislé vodné vrstvy napríklad vo vyjazdených koľajach. Aquaplaning hrozí najmä v úsekoch, kde sa vodiči pohybujú rýchlosťou vyššou ako 70 km/h.

Ako predchádzať aquaplaningu

Predovšetkým je vhodné sledovať vozovku a prispôsobiť jej stavu štýl a rýchlosť jazdy. Ak sa blíži úsek viditeľne tvorený veľkými kalužami či súvislou vrstvou vody, je potrebné postupne spomaľovať, ale len do chvíle, kým vodič do tohto miesta vbehne. Pri samotnom prejazde takýmto miestom by mal vodič viest automobil priamym smerom, spevniť držanie volantu a nebrzdiť. Pokiaľ má vodič dojem, že došlo k strate kontaktu pneumatík s vozovkou, potom vyšliapne spojkový pedál a vedie automobil v priamom smere. Behom jednej až dvoch sekúnd by malo dôjsť k opätovnému kontaktu medzi vozovkou a automobilom. V žiadnom prípade sa v tejto situácii nesmie brzdiť či manévrovať s automobilom.

Súčasná dopravná legislatíva povoľuje letné pneumatiky s hĺbkou dezénu iba 1,6 mm, v praxi je však pre vodičov taká pneumatika pomerne nebezpečná, pretože takmer nie je schopná zvládnuť stabilný prejazd i minimálnu súvislosť s vodnou vrstvou. Oddelené drážky a rebrá na behúni pneumatiky sú rozhodujúce, pokiaľ ide o trakciu. Čím sú výraznejšie a hlbšie, tým lepšiu priľnavosť majú vaše pneumatiky. Za optimálnu bezpečnú jazdu sa považuje hĺbka dezénu 4 – 8 mm.

Zaujímavosťou je, že prvú pneumatiku, ktorá pomohla pri predchádzaní aquaplaningu, predstavila značka Dunlop v roku 1964. Jej inžinier Tom French nechal patentovať prielomový postup v dezéne pneumatík. Radiálna pneumatika Dunlop SP 41 tak vďaka systému mikrodrážok, ktoré nasávali vodu z povrchu vozovky ako špongia a neskôr ju vypúšťali, poskytla vodičom ochranu pred aquaplaningom ako prvá.

Zdroj foto: Freepik

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