Osa, po ktorej túžia všetci...

Hovoríme o skútri Vespa, ktorý už vyše 70 rokov dotvára dopravný kolorit talianskych miest a podmanil si aj celý svet. Ako prišiel k svojmu názvu skúter Vespa  (osa) a ďalšie zaujímavosti zo sveta talianských skútrov sa dočítate v tomto článku.

vespa moto18

Z histórie...

Po druhej svetovej vojne Taliansko stálo na strane  porazených. Pri oslobodzovaní Apeninského poloostrova boli bombardované spojeneckými vojskami mnohé továrne a cestné komunikácie. Zničené hospodárstvo a deštrukcia továrni, mnohokrát neumožňovala pokračovať v pôvodnej výrobe. Pred takýmto rozhodnutím stál aj Enrico Piaggio, ktorý sa rozhodol opustiť výrobu pre letecký priemysel a uspokojiť hlad po jednostopových dopravných prostriedkoch v devastovanej krajine.

Inšpiráciu pre konštrukciu motocyklov hľadali návrhári v amerických skútroch Cushman. Prototyp MP5 (Moto Piaggio Sb.5) nazývaný aj „Paperino“ však nespĺňal požiadavky Enrica Piaggiho. Túto predstavu naplnil až model MP6 od  fenomenálneho konštruktéra Corradina D’Ascania.

Traduje sa, že pri prvom pohľade na model MP6 Enrico Piaggio zvolal: „Sembra una vespa!“ („Vyzerá ako osa!“). Riaditká pripomínali tykadlá, zadná silnejšia časť bola pripojená úzkym rámom a prenikavý hluk evokoval bzučiace osy. Predaj prvých modelov začal v roku 1947.

Typické dizajnové prvky pre motocykle Vespa boli patentované (1946) a umožnili, nový a rýchly rozvoj do budúcnosti. Charakteristický je aerodynamický tvar, hlavne v zadnej časti skútra, celkové kapotovanie, spojená konštrukcia podvozku s kapotou, moderné úložne priestory a pohodlné sedenie pre dve osoby. Po technickej stránke motocykel tiež prešiel vývojom a mnohými výkonnostnými zmenami.

Vespa sa stala už v 70. rokoch „imidžovým“  osobným dopravným prostriedkom, ktorý v posledných rokoch opäť ožíva. Vo filme Prázdniny v Ríme na skútre jazdila Audrey Hepburnová s Gregory Peckom a obľúbili si ich v súkromí aj iní  herci Dean Martin, Marlon Brando, John Wayne a ďalší. V roku 2003 stála firma Piaggio na pokraji bankrotu. Záchrana prišla v osobe Róberta Colaninna, ktorý napriek japonskej konkurencii, dokázal vybudovať novú a väčšiu spoločnosť skútrov a motocyklov spojením Piaggio a Aprilia, v úspešnú Piaggio & Co. Značka Piaggio je pojem, má aj svoje múzea po celom svete. Navštívíť ich môžete v centre Guggenheim v New Yorku, v Paríži Pompidou centre a doma v Taliansku v Pise.

Lambretta versus Vespa

V povojnovom období sa rozhodol aj Ferdinand Innocenti, využiť nedostatok dopravných prostriedkov v zničenej krajine. Enrico Piaggi sa stal jeho veľkým inšpirátorom a konkurentom súčasne, ale na rozdiel od neho, Innocentiho výroba skútrov bola len doplnková. Skúter dostal názov po riečke Lambretta, ktorá tiekla za továrňou. Tým konštruktérov vytvoril rám v kombinácii plechov a oceľových trubiek  z vlastnej produkcie. Prvé modely A vyzerali dosť bizarne, napriek tomu sa v prvom roku výroby 1947 predalo až 10 000 skútrov. Do roku 1956 prešli vývojom ešte ďalšie tri  odkryté modely Lambretty a súčasne bežala výroba úplne kapotovaného skútra radu LC. Skútre Lambretta pútali technickými kvalitami, ktoré sa odrážali hlavne v rýchlostných rekordoch a inovatívnych prvkoch. Spoločnosť ako prvá v 50. rokoch zaviedla prednú kotúčovú brzdu na skútroch a v roku 1954 elektrický spúšťač.

Nový atraktívnejší vzhľad navrhol známy dizajnér Berton, ktorý pozmenil prvotný zvláštny dizajn Lambretty. Ferdinando Innocenti vyrobil na 24 miliónov skútrov a trojkoliek značky Lambretta, vrátane licenčných, a prispel k rozvoju motocyklizmu vo svete.  Počas 60. rokov opadal záujem o jednostopové vozidlá a úmrtím Ferdinanda Innocentiho v roku 1966,  sa naštartoval začiatok konca výroby skútrov Lambretta, ktorý sa v Taliansku ukončil v roku 1971.

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