Čo je raw food a prečo nie je pre každého?

Napísal Kristína Chudá 08. apríl 2021

Určite už ste už počuli o názve „raw food“. Čo raw food znamená a aké prináša výhody pre organizmus?Príroda dala každému jedlu jedinečný dokonalý mix a tieto životne dôležité enzýmy umožňujú človeku úplne stráviť svoje jedlo. Iba surové potraviny sú preto „živými“ potravinami.

vegan_raw_shutterstock

Raw food čiže surová strava

Raw food potraviny sa konzumujú v ich najpôvodnejšej podobe, neprechádzajú tepelnou úpravou, teda nezohrievajú sa vysokou teplotou, nepečú sa, nevaria, nepražia ani sa nepasterizujú. Niektoré zdroje hovoria, že pri dodržaní tejto diéty by surové potraviny mali tvoriť tri štvrtiny stravy.

Raw food pokrmy sú pripravované buď úplne za studena, alebo pri nízkych teplotách 40 až 48°C. Pri týchto teplotách nedochádza k modifikácii výživných látok a potraviny sú potom maximálne vstrebateľné a využiteľné pre ľudský organizmus.

Strava vyznávačov raw food zahŕňa predovšetkým zeleninu, ovocie, oriešky a rôzne semienka. Korene raw food sú striktne vegánskej, to znamená, stravovanie bez živočíšnych zložiek, avšak niektorí vyznávači pijú aj nepasterizované mlieko alebo si pochutia na tataráčiku. Ľudia, ktorí dodržiavajú raw stravu, sa domnievajú, že konzumácia surových potravín môže zlepšiť ich zdravie, pohodu a prípadne znížiť riziko zdravotných problémov.

Existujú tri všeobecné druhy surovej stravy:

-        surová vegánska strava vylučuje všetky živočíšne výrobky so zameraním iba na rastlinné potraviny

-        surová vegetariánska strava zahŕňa rastlinné potraviny plus surové vajcia a nespracované mliečne výrobky

-        surová všežravá strava zahŕňa rastlinné potraviny, surové živočíšne výrobky a surové alebo sušené mäso

Odporcovia tejto stravy zasa väčšinou argumentujú, že vylúčením radu surovín a obmedzením spracovávanie sa jedálniček stáva nezdravým a fádnym. Priaznivci však zasa namietajú, že tepelne upravená jedla strácajú potrebné vitamíny a minerály a tak narúšajú prirodzenú rovnováhu tela a zaťažujú vylučovacie orgány.

Ako možno potraviny upraviť

Populárnymi spôsobmi úpravy je sušenie, klíčenie či mixovanie. Samotná príprava raw pokrmov nie je zložitá, väčšinou postačí kvalitný mixér, s ktorým spracujete aj všetku koreňovú zeleninu a oriešky.

S kešu oriešky je problém

Oriešky sú typickou surovinou pre raw pokrmy, ale vedeli ste, že nie všetky oriešky možno považovať za raw potravinu? Je tomu tak pri kešu orieškoch, ktoré sa v procese spracovania dosušujú pri vyššej teplote, ktorá je pre raw food hraničná.

Výhody raw stravovania

-        Vysoký obsah živín - surová strava má vysoký obsah ovocia, zeleniny, orechov a strukovín, z ktorých všetky sú základmi zdravej výživy. Jesť celý rad týchto potravín poskytne dostatok vitamínov, minerálov a zdravých tukov a bielkovín.

-        Varením sa ničia niektoré živiny, napríklad vo vode rozpustný vitamín B a vitamín C, takže ich konzumácia jedla v surovom stave je výživnejšia. 

-        Spracované potraviny majú zvyčajne vyšší obsah soli, pridaných cukrov a nezdravých nasýtených tukov. Môžu viesť k zápalu krvných ciev a kardiovaskulárnym chorobám. Zníženie alebo vylúčenie spracovaných potravín môže mať preto významný zdravotný prínos.

-        Strata váhy - ak chcete schudnúť, surová strava je ideálna. Dôvodom je skutočnosť, že surové potraviny majú zvyčajne nízky obsah kalórií a rastlinné potraviny majú vysoký obsah vlákniny, vďaka čomu sa človek po dlhšiu dobu cíti plný.

-        Zachovanie enzýmov v potravinách- podľa niektorých zdrojov môže proces varenia ničiť alebo meniť prírodné enzýmy v potravinách, ako aj niektoré základné vitamíny.

Aké sú riziká?

Niektoré potraviny nie je bezpečné jesť tepelne neupravené. Podľa Centier pre kontrolu chorôb (CDC) nespracované živočíšne produkty s najväčšou pravdepodobnosťou spôsobujú otravu jedlom ako napríklad:

-        surové a tepelne neupravené mäso vrátane kurčiat

-        surové alebo ľahko uvarené vajcia

-        surové (nepasterizované) mlieko a výrobky z neho vyrobené

-        surové mäkkýše

Odborníci na výživu a dietológovia teda navrhujú, aby ľudia, ktorí dodržiavajú raw stravu, konzumovali tieto potraviny opatrne:

-        Pohanka zelená môže byť v surovom stave toxická, hoci existuje len malý výskum o jej vplyve na ľudí. Odšťavovanie alebo konzumácia pohánky vo veľkých množstvách môže spôsobiť toxické účinky, ako je citlivosť na slnko alebo fotosenzibilizácia.

-        Surová fazuľa a klíčky z fazule môžu byť toxické. Väčšina strukovín obsahuje kyselinu fytovú, ktorá môže blokovať absorpciu niektorých základných minerálov v tele. Varenie znižuje hladinu kyseliny fytovej.

-        Klíčiace semená, ako napríklad klíčky lucerny a klíčky fazule môžu obsahovať baktérie Salmonella , E. coli alebo Listeria a spôsobiť otravu jedlom.

-        Cassava, tiež známa ako yucca alebo gaplek, môže byť v surovom stave toxická. Ľudia by mali túto zeleninu olúpať, nakrájať na plátky a uvariť ju, aby bola zaistená bezpečnosť.

-        Surové vajcia môžu obsahovať baktérie Salmonella, ktoré môžu spôsobiť vážne ochorenie alebo dokonca smrť. Varenie vajec tieto baktérie zabíja.

-        Surové morské plody a mäkkýše môžu prenášať škodlivé baktérie. CDC odporúča, aby sa ľudia vyhli surovým morský plodom.

-        Surové mlieko môže obsahovať baktériu Listeria, ktorá môže spôsobiť vážne infekcie a má súvislosť s tehotenskými komplikáciami. Podľa CDC obsahuje pasterizované mlieko rovnaké zdravotné prínosy ale bez rizika.

Surová strava pomáha telo detoxikovať a pomôže naštartovať ozdravné procesy. Preto je vhodná pre tých, ktorí chcú zlepšiť svoju fyzickú kondíciu, pri redukcii váhy, vysokom tlaku a cholesterolu, či pre odstránenie dlhodobé únavy. Neznamená to ale, že raw food sa nutne hodí pre všetkých.

Každý človek má totiž iné trávenie, čo jednému vyhovuje, druhý stráviť nemusí. Ak sa pre raw food rozhodnete, neznamená to, že ihneď vylúčite všetky tepelne upravené potraviny. Majte na pamäti, že k prechodu na túto stravu by malo dochádzať postupne.

Sprvu zo svojho jedálnička vyraďte jednu položku, napr. údeniny, a všímajte si, čo to robí s vaším telom. Jedzte viac ovocia a zeleniny, mnohým ľuďom pomáhajú v začiatkoch smoothie a chlebík nahraďte sušenými plackami.

Zdroj foto: Shutterstock


https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7381#video-how-to-start

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/raw-food-diet#section2

261 komentárov

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