Z histórie účesov I.

Nie vždy platilo, že vlasy sú korunou krásy. Napríklad v období gotiky, si zadané ženy vlasy dôkladne ukrývali pod veľký čepiec - henin.


V iných obdobiach sa na hlavách panovníkov, šľachty ako aj mešťanov objavovali rôzne extravagantné vlasové kreácie. Dobové trendy veľakrát ovplyvňovala cirkevná doktrína ako aj politické cítenie.


Gotika (polovica 12. storočia až polovica 15. storočia)

Okolo 12. storočia v období gotiky, si muži aj ženy obľúbili skôr strohý štýl. Na rozdiel od vydatých žien, muži uprednosťňovali jemné vlny, ktoré šľachticom vytvárali  sluhovia. Mladé a slobodné devy i ženy, nosili hladké alebo mierne zvlnené vlasy, ktoré si zväčša zapletali do vrkočov či chvostov.  Na okrasu aj praktické prichytenie používali obruče, čelenky a venčeky, ktoré boli symbolom panenskej nevinnosti. Vydaté ženy si ukrývali vlasy aj krk na verejnosti pod šatky.

Henin

Medzi urodzenými ženami bol módny čepiec, ktorý poznáme pod názvom henin. Henin bol kúželovitá čapica s jedným alebo dvoma špicami, z ktorých splýval  závoj ako znak čistoty. Pre dobre držanie na hlave, sa tvaroval na temene hlavy a k jeho uchyteniu sa používali kovové spony. V prípade, že sa všetky vlasy pod henin nezmestili, urodzené dámy si vlasy vyholili. Dvorným dámam tak zostal len malý trojuholník vlasov na bielej časti čela. Podľa výšky čepca, ktorý niekedy dosahoval až meter,  a dĺžky závoja bolo možné rozpoznať spoločenské postavenie jej nositeľky.



Renesancia
(14. storočie až 16. storočie)

Aj v tomto období , ktoré je sprevádzané k návratu antického ponímania života, voľnosti a k podpore umenia , stále pretrvávajú niektoré štýly z predchádzajúceho obdobia. Vysoké čelo bolo v renesancii považované za symbol krásy, preto si ho ženy zväčšovali vyholením.  Obľúbené boli nadýchané,  zvlnené vlasy vysoko načesané ako aj, pletence vlasov zatočené do uzlíka, ktorý bol ozdobený perličkami.  Muži si nechávajú rásť dlhé vlasy, ktoré mali zvlnené. V tomto období sa Európou šíril účes z Benátok a la corona – pozostával z pletencov vytvarovaných do rožkov nad čelom.

Nástup farbenia vlasov a prvých parochní

Prirodzene ryšavé vlasy Alžbety I.,  podnietili na anglickom  dvore obľubu farbenia vlasov. Neskôr, keď už anglická kráľovná stratila na prirodzenosti svojich nádherných vlasov, užíva si  honosné parochne a príčesky,  ktoré boli zdobené polodrahokamami aj drahokamami, a ich počet vraj dosahoval  až 80 kusov.

V Európe  sa do popredia dostávajú aj účesové kreácie ovplyvnené antickými účesmi a zlatistou farbou dlhých lokní. Talianky mali na to osvedčený spôsob. Nechávali si vytiahnuť vlasy od slnka pomocou  upraveného klobúka. Robili tak na lodžiách, ktoré boli k tomu špeciálne postavené v záhradách.



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