"Cnostné cudzoložstvo"a "venušin pás"

Rozpadom feudálneho systému, koncom stredoveku, nadobudli kniežatá a bohatí mešťania väčšiu moc na úkor panovníkov a vyššej šľachty. Na vonok zostávalo všetko po starom, len vo vnútri spoločnosti došlo k zmene. 

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Stredoveká pretvárka a rytierska morálka

Obraz stredovekého života a politiky, bol založený na vernosti vazala k lennému pánovi a rodinný život na manželskej vernosti.
O stredoveku sa hovorí ako aj o období  temna. V otázkach sexuality a s ňou spojenou morálkou, bol však tolerantnejší ako v nasledujúcich storočiach. Potlačovanie sexuálnych pudov sa vyžadovalo len od cirkevného klérusu – kňazov, mníchov a mníšok. Ostatní ho mali „len skrývať“. Vďaka proklamovanej čistej morálke, sa manželská nevera stala vo všetkých vrstvách spoločenským športom.

Rytier musel mať „dámu“, ktorú zbožňoval, ktorej sa zasvätil,  a táto dáma musela byť vydatá a pokiaľ možno z vyšších vrstiev než bol on. Nikoho v tej dobe nenapadlo spájať tieto "milostné vzťahy“ s diablom či dokonca s čarodejníctvom. Bola by to najväčšia urážka rytierovej hrdosti a „ženinej počestnosti“.... Láska k rytierovi zbavovala ženu povinnosti  byť vernou manželkou. Rozhodovala sexuálna náklonnosť a v žiadnom prípade manželská zmluva, rodina či deti. 

Morálny stav a pretvárka cirkvi sa prejavil aj v tomto postoji k cudzoložnému „ rytierskému vzťahu“, keďže ho tolerovala. Paradoxom celej situácie bolo, že títo „gavalieri“ niekedy zaťahovali do srdečných záležitostí aj náboženstvo. K dobrému bontónu patrilo zvoliť si pre milostné dobrodružstvá morálnu záštitu, ktorá by nad ich „láskou“ dohliadala. Vrcholom drzosti a rúhania rytierov bolo, prijať za svoju patrónku Pannu Máriu, ktorá sa stala nechtiac symbolom organizovaného cudzoložstva.

Napriek úpadku stále dochádzalo k zakladaniu rytierských rádov, ktoré v skutočnosti plnili funkciu aristokratického (pánskeho) klubu, v ktorom muži debatovali o literatúre, vymieňali si milostné skúsenosti, plánovali slávnosti a robili politiku. Slávny „Cour d’Amor“– „Milostný dvor“, v Paríži založil burgundský vojvoda Filip Smelý v roku 1400 a jeho členmi sa stala duchovná elita európskych kniežacích dvorov. Bol predchodcom známych akadémii, ktoré sa zakladali v období renesancie v Taliansku.

„Venušin pás“

Na vonok zostávalo všetko po starom, len vo vnútri spoločnosti došlo k zmene. Manželské zväzky sa uvoľnili a žena dosiahla takú moc, akú dosiaľ nemala.
Zchudobnelí šľachtici sa pokúsili využiť kult ženy v stavovské privilégium a zároveň výnosné povolanie. V tejto dobe sociálnych prevratov sa prejavilo meštianstvo ako bašta morálky. Meštianstvo v snahe vyrovnať sa „schudobnelej šľachte“,  bránilo nielen svoj majetok ale  aj vlastné ženy. Nepotrebovali k tomu meč, vymysleli si ponižujúci pás cudnosti, ktorý mal zmierniť ich žiarlivosť. Traduje sa, že ako prví ho použili Florenťania, keďže zvesť o ich neverných manželkách bola všeobecne známa. Hrozný „florentský pás“  sa v 15. a 16.storočí  rozšíril po celej Európe. Bol technicky  stále dokonalejší a bohatí mešťania ho dávali bohato dekorovať. Ale ani tento „výmysel“ nedosiahol na sto percent svoj účel. Vynaliezavé ženy sa ho dokázali zbaviť  a vtipy o náhradných kľúčoch k „Venušinmu pásu“ patrili k stálemu repertoáru satirikov.... Preto je poburujúce, že v Španielsku sa pás dochoval až do 19.storočia!

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  • Komentár www.giveawayoftheday.Com %AM, %24 %427 %2025 %09:%mar napísal www.giveawayoftheday.Com

    Pull the bar down towards your chest, focusing on squeezing your shoulder blades collectively as you contract
    your back muscular tissues. Lat pulldowns are
    a preferred different to the bent-over row, focusing on the back muscular tissues and
    promoting general again well being. This train, often performed on a pulldown machine or with resistance bands, lets
    you effectively engage your latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, and different
    major back muscular tissues. What units T-bar rows other than traditional bent-over rows is the vary
    of motion and muscle recruitment. The mounted level of the T-bar
    machine allows for a more secure and controlled motion, lowering the risk of lower again pressure.

    If you haven’t tried this train earlier than, load the barbell with an affordable amount of weight, prioritizing an quantity that allows you to
    stick with proper type quite than attempting to carry heavy.
    Think About you would possibly be pulling a weight in course of
    your torso while keeping your elbows flared out to the sides.
    At the highest of the movement, focus on squeezing your shoulder blades collectively for optimum rear delt activation. The barbell row
    is a more technical rowing motion that can show to be beneficial in promoting core muscle activation and difficult postural stabilization.
    Incorporating inverted rows into your exercise routine can help add selection and problem your back muscles in new ways.

    As with any exercise, it’s necessary to take care of correct form and method to minimize the risk
    of harm. If you’re new to inverted rows, begin with the
    next bar or greater strap place to make the exercise simpler.
    As you acquire energy and proficiency, you'll have the ability to steadily decrease
    the bar or straps to increase the problem degree.
    The Smith machine row is a wonderful variation to use instead of the barbell row as a
    end result of the Smith machine offers additional stability
    that may allow you to carry heavier. You can vary the incline of the bench
    and your grip to target the muscles in your back
    from completely different angles. Decreasing the incline and tucking the elbows
    in will emphasize your lats. Sitting extra upright
    and allowing the elbows to flare will target the upper again. This video offers a useful visible information for performing single-arm bent-over
    dumbbell rows. This can be a more challenging variation, as you have to stability the weight together
    with your physique.
    Doing rows unilaterally helps to address muscular imbalances by specializing
    in one facet at a time. Dumbbells are accessible to most lifters and permit
    you to range your grip to tailor the train to your biomechanics and individual objectives.
    Free weights are a good better different to the resistance training rowing machine.
    You can do a standing bent-over row, a row together with your chest supported by an incline bench, a row with one knee on a weight bench, and so forth.
    Another bodyweight-based variation of the row, inverted bar rows are just like
    TRX rows, but are a bit more secure. You will perform these inverted,
    like TRX rows, however you’ll use a barbell in a squat rack.

    If you join now you’ll additionally obtain my
    28 day body recomp program utterly Free. Even should you currently don’t have a pull-up bar or fitness center subscription, doorway pull-up bars are relatively cheap.

    Of these two choices, the stationary bike is the alternative that comes closest to utilizing a rowing machine.
    One potential downside of the vertical climber in comparison with the rowing machine is
    that you just do not have the choice to watch your favorite tv-show
    throughout your exercise. The DB row will emphasize the lats
    slightly, and you’ll need to use a impartial (palms in) grip.
    The seal row does a fantastic job of isolating the lats by
    removing the lower body from the equation and therefore eliminating any likelihood of utilizing
    momentum.
    Not only are you performing a squat with
    this train, however you’re also working your higher physique by pushing the dumbbells above you.
    This might help you focus more on building higher back muscle in comparison with the seated cable row.
    Opting for dumbbells over a barbell throws in an extra balance problem,
    upping the ante on total stability for your again, core,
    and shoulders. The motion stays true to its barbell sibling, however the magnificence right here lies within the equal alternative training for each side
    of your body.
    If that's the case you can start with some of the other choices on this listing to strengthen your
    muscular tissues. It is true that you need one thing
    to do the pull-up on but even if you presently don’t have one thing like this, a doorway pull-up bar is comparatively inexpensive.
    For a lat-centric showdown, grab the neutral grip handles (yeah,
    those the place your palms face each other) and hold these elbows snug to your torso as you row.
    This train supplies folks with shoulder issues with an exercise
    to profit from rows. Also, you can do both an overhand or
    an underhand grip to make this train goal the back differently.

    Additionally, Meadows rows is normally a appropriate alternative
    for individuals who could discover the bent-over row uncomfortable or have decrease again issues.
    To carry out suspension trainer rows appropriately,
    start by facing the anchor level together with your ft hip-width
    aside. Lean again, extending your arms totally, and maintain a straight line from your head to your heels.
    Maintaining your core engaged, pull your chest in path of the handles, squeezing your shoulder blades together as you accomplish that.
    Control the movement on the way again to the beginning position, resisting the extension of your arms.
    To perform Pendlay rows, start by organising with a barbell on the floor in entrance
    of you.
    If you’re fortunate enough to have access to a T-Bar Row machine
    this is ready to be considered one of my first suggestions to switch a
    Chest Supported Dumbbell Row. If you want to crush PRs, add slabs of muscle, or
    shed pounds, KIZEN has the proper program for you. Evaluating each variable based
    mostly on individual needs/preferences is key to finding the
    ideal T-Bar Row substitute that gives an efficient again workout at residence.
    Health Club machines often try to simulate some real-life exercise and the vertical climber is
    not any completely different. Prepare to maximise your gains with our exclusive 12-week hypertrophy
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    It is an excellent train that can let you transfer a lot of weight and develop some severe again density.
    The half-kneeling high-band row does an excellent job of moving the lats by way of
    its full range of natural motion, from the totally extended arm position down and towards the
    hip. It’s additionally a unilateral move, permitting
    you to target each lat muscle individually.
    Supplementing the bent-over row with these alternate options can help you're employed out particular back muscular tissues.

    They could not incorporate as many muscle groups because the bent-over row, allowing you to
    perform extra reps in a set without fatigue. As
    the name suggests, the ability rack row is carried out using
    a barbell and an influence rack. Energy athletes and advanced lifters often incorporate
    power rack row to develop monstrous pulling strength.
    A Number Of grips can be used to perform the bent-over row, every
    little thing from the overhand grips to underhand
    grips. I advocate using the overhand grip as it takes stress off the wrists and forearms, especially for individuals who are new
    to weight coaching.
    Many because of bodybuilding.com for their extensive exercise picture & video assortment.

    Make positive to all the time use weight clips whenever you use a barbell,
    to stop the plates from sliding off. It is widest in the
    middle, forming a diamond form that connects the middle of your back to both of your shoulder blades and the higher
    portion of your neck. Discover out which of them work best for you,
    and consider implementing them in your exercise routines.
    When experiment with completely different hand positions,
    I’ve found that if you keep your elbows tucked, you’ll get extra lat activation, making it extra a back train. Some will debate that this is more
    of a chest train, while others will say
    it’s a again motion. For an train that requires more core power and steadiness, the chook dog row is a great choice.


    Guarantee you prioritize proper kind above all else to totally harness
    the benefits that include performing bar row workouts
    effectively. T-Bar rows put less pressure on the decrease lumbar backbone and require less
    core power to carry out correctly. T-Bar rows are an excellent choice for lifters eager to isolate their back and lats.

    Yes, the inverted row is a good alternative to the barbell row, especially if you’re training in a home
    gym with limited gear. It targets the same muscle tissue within the
    higher again, but with less load on the spine. If you
    find inverted body weight rows too easy, you can make the exercise tougher by moving your body closer to the floor and/or wearing a
    weighted vest.
    And, of course, you’ll want someplace to do that train – like a home pull-up
    bar, a tree department, or a monkey fitness center bar.
    However, neglecting this small but necessary muscle may
    have a major impact on not just the looks of your shoulders but in addition how they perform.

    Underdeveloped rear deltoids can contribute to shoulder ache, which is
    something that every lifter must avoid.
    By utilizing dumbbells instead of a barbell,
    all sides of the back is engaged independently, serving to to
    appropriate any imbalances and enhance general energy.
    Dumbbells target your muscles from totally different angles than a barbell,
    however you'll still get a great again and lat exercise.

    Variations like single-arm dumbbell rows help you balance the
    energy in your left and proper side.
    You also can move them through various angles with out being restricted to a machine’s movement path.
    Hammer Strength machines allow you to work
    with weight plates through varied angles that you simply can't do with free
    weights. They additionally provide a safe seating
    position that removes any momentum from the movement. This is a minor muscle
    group that aids in the external rotation of the humerus.
    Not solely does that enhance your risk for harm, but it’s additionally not advantageous for hypertrophy.

    Having your chest supported by the bench allows you to goal the back
    without involving the core and erectors and makes it so much harder to
    cheat the motion. If you battle with feeling your again working during a row, try an incline dumbbell row to see when you can create a greater mind-muscle connection.
    The single-arm dumbbell row can be performed by standing with your arm supported in opposition to a bench or dumbbell
    rack. The farther you pull the dumbbell back towards your hip, the more
    you’ll hit your lat.
    There is nothing incorrect with this, however, for selection, it’s sometimes helpful to coach one aspect at a time – a unilateral exercise.
    Whereas this is more of a variation than an alternate, it’s nonetheless a sound train.
    That stated, if you are capable of do pull-ups or chin-ups,
    they're each nice lat pulldown different workouts.

    This model provides the most effective lower again help while additionally permitting for a horizontal row through the total vary of motion. The resistance band seated row makes use of a
    cheap loop resistance band to simulate a seated cable row.
    With a band, the train gets harder as you pull,
    offering probably the most intense effect at full
    contraction. Rack pulls are a deadlift variation the place you raise the bar from the pins of a power rack.
    Starting with the bar off the floor means much less low
    again stress and never a lot lower body
    work. Deadlifts might not look a lot like bent-over rows, however they work nearly all the identical muscular tissues.

    Novices should embark on their journey with lighter weights and
    incrementally add more as they develop stronger. This technique helps prevent injuries
    while guaranteeing that correct form is maintained throughout.
    This different targets the higher back muscle tissue and might help build total upper body strength for different pulling and even pushing
    exercises just like the bench press. Not to mention that the
    resistance band is flexible and straightforward to use, making it an excellent option for lifters of all fitness levels.
    To carry out T-bar rows effectively, begin with a weight that challenges you
    but permits for correct type.
    Decrease the burden back down in a controlled method, and repeat for the desired variety of reps.
    The single-arm dumbbell row is a bent-over row different for the lats and biceps for bodybuilders and gym rats with limited tools or lower again issues.
    The single-arm dumbbell row is basically one other name for the one-arm dumbbell row.
    The inverted row is a safer different to the barbell row that also helps you construct core energy, as it’s a bodyweight exercise.
    The reverse grip row with a barbell is a bent-over row different that
    focuses on the lats for bodybuilders and powerlifters.

    It entails utilizing an underhand grip versus an overhand grip
    when rowing.
    Although they don’t generate the facility or measurement of conventional weights, they're a great addition to any back
    routine, and can allow you to correct your form, and humility,
    in no time. The seal row has emerged as a preferred variation of the row that can function a close to excellent substitute to the cable row.
    You perform this lying face down on a bench, which
    takes nearly all the tension off the decrease again,
    and maximizes tension on the higher back, notably the traps and rear delts.
    The dumbbell row is an efficient way to isolate all sides
    of the again whereas also keeping the load heavy. The dumbbell single arm row is an isolateral movement, that means
    you can control the vary of motion and pressure on either side.


    As a private coach, I’ve trained dozens of individuals of their residence gyms.
    Pairing one arm dumbbell row alternate options with vertical pull actions,
    corresponding to pulldowns or pull-ups will make for
    an efficient back exercise. Many powerlifters and cross-fitters are
    on the lookout for barbell row alternate options,
    as the barbell row may be powerful on your lower back if not carried out correctly.
    I'm going to offer you the 9 greatest barbell row alternative workouts that I hit whenever
    I really feel like altering my back and core workout.

    The pendlay row is a superb t-bar row different for
    powerlifters because it targets the exact reverse muscles of the bench press, which
    permits for higher stability when performing heavy presses.
    Some lifters expertise decrease again pain when doing traditional bent-over rows.

    The landmine row is very comparable to the T-bar row, in the sense that one end of the bar is anchored in place, whilst you
    row the opposite finish of the bar in path of your torso.

    The impartial grip lat-focused row is usually the more shoulder-friendly variation of the 2.

    If you want to focus extra on the lats, use the neutral grip handles
    (i.e. your palms face every other), and maintain your elbows close to
    your torso as you row.

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