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Ako finančne zvládnuť chod vašej domácnosti?

Napísal KČ 28. január 2021

Viete, koľko mesačne zarobíte a zároveň aj miniete? Možno vám to príde na prvý dojem nepodstatné, no tieto údaje sú kľúčové, pokiaľ chcete vedieť, či vaše každomesačné hospodárenie je naozaj efektívne. Neraz môže totiž dôjsť takýmto nevedomým konaním k vytvoreniu manka, na ktoré môžeme neskôr doplatiť.

Správne hospodárenie vám pomôže byť v zelených číslach každý mesiac, čo však k tomu potrebujete?

Zdá sa aj vám, že máte slušný príjem, no peňaženka či bankový účet to nijako neodzrkadľujú a ešte pred príchodom ďalšej výplaty nejaký čas zívajú prázdnotou? Ak je zostatok na vašom účte rovný nule, v takom prípade by ste si mali prejsť svoje financie a pozrieť sa aj na to, ako každý mesiac hospodárite. S takýmto prehľadom budete presne vedieť, kam idú vaše financie, v čom by sa mohli urobiť prípadné zmeny a aj to, či zvládnete splácať mini pôžičku, nad ktorou možno uvažujete.

shutterstock_kalkulacka21

Zdroj obrázka: kitzcorner / Shutterstock.com

Porozumieť rodinnému rozpočtu je kľúčové

Mnohé rodiny aj naďalej fungujú bez toho, aby mali aký-taký prehľad o svojom rodinnom rozpočte. Evidovať si pravidelne svoje príjmy aj výdavky je však rovnako dôležité, ako pravidelná kontrola aktuálneho stavu na vašom bankovom účte. Spôsobov, ako si môžete zaznamenávať nákupy, splátky či rôzne úhrady, je hneď niekoľko. Či už preferujete štandardnú evidenciu pomocou tabuliek, zvolíte papierový zápis alebo uvítate praktický program či aplikáciu, čo vám takéto vedenie výdavkov len uľahčia, všetky tieto spôsoby sú efektívne a je len na vašich preferenciách, ako sa rozhodnete.

Pri zápise treba myslieť aj na poplatky či splátky

Prvým nevyhnutným krokom je spísanie si všetkých príjmov aj výdavkov, ktoré prebehnú počas daného mesiaca. Avšak nestačí zapisovať si len úhrady nákupov, dôležité je rovnako viesť do tohto zoznamu výdavkov aj poplatky (napr. mesačný poplatok za vedenie účtu, za platby kartou či výber z bankomatu). Máte uzatvorenú pôžičku, splácate auto či ste požiadali o hypotéku? Na toto všetko nezabúdajte a mesačne si rozrátajte, koľko reálne splácate. Výdavky za energie, rôzne splátky či faktúry za mobilné služby, toto všetko by malo byť taktiež súčasťou rodinného rozpočtu a vašich záznamov.

shutterstock_ucty_par21

Zdroj obrázka: fizkes / Shutterstock.com

Treba klásť dôraz na pravidelné zhodnotenie

To, že skutočne máte prehľad o príjmoch a výdavkoch, ešte nestačí. Treba aj zrátať, koľko ste v danom mesiaci boli do plusu, respektíve, či ste sa náhodou neocitli v červených číslach a aké veľké bolo vaše manko. Len vtedy budete mať skutočnú predstavu, či príjmy stačia na pokrytie vašich výdavkov a koľko si môžete mesačne odkladať. Takto budete vedieť, ako mesačne rastie vaša rezerva alebo aké veľké budú pri takomto hospodárení vaše úspory po určitom čase.

Myslieť dopredu sa vypláca

Blíži sa štvrťročná splátka poistky či úhrada PZP? Plánujte a zapisujte si tieto výdavky dopredu. Budete tak s nimi predčasne rátať a môžete podľa toho upraviť aktuálny rozpočet v danom mesiaci. V blížiacom sa období budete tak napríklad menej objednávať donáškové jedlo, čím ušetríte a v ďalšom mesiaci bez akýchkoľvek problémov splatíte očakávanú úhradu. Veľkou výhodou môže byť teda aj rozdelenie výdavkov na tie primárne, a teda tie, ktorých splatenie je nevyhnutné, a tie, čo možno vynechať. V rámci takýchto výdavkov možno hovoriť napríklad o športových aktivitách, výletoch, stravovaní sa mimo domova a podobne.

Rovnako možno postupovať aj v prípade blížiacich sa sviatkov, narodenín či akýchkoľvek udalostí, čo sa dotknú nejakým spôsobom vašich financií. Nie je na škodu, zapísať si aj tie a rátať s nepravidelnými výdavkami včas.

Šetriť sa dá rôzne

Šetrenie energií v domácnosti, menšie výdavky, ale aj refinancovanie. Možností, ako šetriť a zmenšiť vaše výdavky, je viacero. Pri nákupoch je v súčasnosti pomerne preferované porovnávanie produktov na internete. Tie isté výrobky môžu mať u rozličných predajcov inú obstarávaciu cenu, často tak volíme ten najvýhodnejší. Rovnaké šetrenie pomocou porovnávača však možno v dnešnej dobe aplikovať aj pri finančných produktoch. Prečo platiť zbytočne veľa za vedenie účtu, mať vysoké poplatky či úroky, alebo si nevhodným výberom predlžiť dobu splácania pôžičky, keď sa to dá aj lepšie? Finančné portály vás v tomto nasmerujú, príkladom môže byť napríklad aj web Hyperfinancie.sk.

shutterstock_sporenie_rodina21

Zdroj obrázka: Evgeny Atamanenko / Shutterstock.com

Ak zvažujete pôžičku, vždy by ste mali mať ujasnených niekoľko vecí:

●      Koľko by vás takáto pôžička v konečnej fáze stála pri úrokoch a celkovom splácaní.

●      Rátať s týmito výdavkami v rámci rodinného rozpočtu.

●      Mať presne ujasnený účel jej využitia.

Veľakrát sa totiž stáva, že akonáhle sú takéto financie k dispozícii, často sa minú bez rozumného uváženia. Pokiaľ teda tieto peniaze boli určené na rekonštrukciu bytu a predstavovali aj určitú rezervu, no v skutočnosti by ste ich využili inak, takéto zadlženie by sa vám nemuselo vôbec vyplatiť. Naopak, je viac ako pravdepodobné, že vás vyjde ešte drahšie, nakoľko budete míňať viac a potrebné financie sa budú musieť zohnať odinakiaľ.

Majte financie pod kontrolou. Správne nastavený finančný plán vám objasní vaše mesačné hospodárenie a pomôže zostať v pluse. Nezabúdajme však aj na úspory, ktorých dôležitosť je obzvlášť v tomto nepriaznivom stave veľmi podstatná.

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