Mnohopočetný myelóm

Nevieme prečo tento zvláštny druh rakoviny vzniká, neviem ani to, ako mu možno predísť. Vieme ho však liečiť a zabezpečiť si aj s tak vážnym ochorením dlhý a kvalitný život.


Neprehliadajme to, čo dokážeme riešiť!

Jedným z ochorení, ktoré postihuje najmä starších ľudí a spôsobuje vrásky lekárom po celej Európe, je ochorenie s názvom mnohopočetný myelóm.
Nevieme prečo tento zvláštny druh rakoviny vzniká, neviem ani to, ako mu možno predísť. Vieme ho však liečiť a zabezpečiť si aj s tak vážnym ochorením dlhý a kvalitný život.
To čo viacerých odborníkov trápi, je fakt, že verejnosť a mnohokrát aj lekári prvého kontaktu ochorenie prehliadajú a k pomoci dochádza neraz pozde. Aj preto sa rozhodli spojiť sily a tento celoeurópsky zdravotnícky problém riešiť.


Čo je to mnohopočetný myelóm a prečo o je potrebné o ňom vedieť?

Mnohopočetný myelóm je zriedkavý, predstavuje zhruba 1% všetkých rakovín. Avšak toto číslo mu nedáva dôvod na to, aby sa mu venovala menšia pozornosť. Podľa informácií Slovenskej myelómovej spoločnosti v súčasnosti týmto ochorením trpí 84 000 ľudí v Európe, pričom až 600 prípadov ochorenia pochádza zo Slovenska. Odborníci sa domnievajú, že toto číslo môže byť v skutočnosti oveľa vyššie. Zdôrazňujú, že za jeho neskorým odhalením je práve nedostatočná informovanosť o jeho existencii a možných príznakoch. Aj preto bol spustený program, ktorý má zabezpečiť väčšiu informovanosť nie len lekárov prvého kontaktu, ale i širokej verejnosti.


MUDr. Katarína Masárová - 
hematologička z Univerzitnej nemocnice Bratislava - Nemocnica sv. Cyrila a Metoda

„Mnohopočetný myelóm je zhubné lymfoproliferatívne ochorenie. Mnohí si jeho pomenovanie uľahčujú a jednoducho ho len zaradia medzi nádorové ochorenie kostnej drene. Mnohopočetný myelóm je však o niečo špecifickejšie ochorenie, pri ktorom sa určitý druh bielych krviniek, ktoré voláme plazmatické bunky, začnú v kostnej dreni množiť vo veľkom počte a tým pádom sa začnú vytvárať osteolytické ložiská  v kostiach“, začína vysvetľovať zákernosť choroby hematologička MUDr. Katarína Masárová.

Na rozdiel od mnohých iných druhov rakoviny, mnohopočetný myelóm nemá formu hrčky alebo nádoru. Namiesto toho sa myelómové bunky vytvárajú a šíria práve v rámci kostnej drene a čo je zaujímavé, ochorenie postihuje prevažne staršie generácie. „Najviac pacientov máme vo veku 55-70 rokov, ale výnimkou nie sú ani štyridsiatnici, ba dokonca evidujeme aj malú skupinku tridsiatnikov“, potvrdzuje európske štatistiky slovenská odborníčka.


Symptómy

Medzi najčastejšie symptómy a vedľajšie účinky mnohopočetného myelómu patria bolesť kostí, zlomeniny kostí, únava, opakované alebo pretrvávajúce infekcie, zápaly, poškodenie obličiekhyperkalcémia. Tohto ochorenia sa nemožno úplne zbaviť, no ako hovorí MUDr. Masárová, dá sa s ním naučiť žiť. „Mnohopočetný myelóm sa ráta medzi chronické, nevyliečiteľné ochorenia, ale na druhej strane dobre liečiteľné. To znamená, že dobre reaguje na liečbu. Choroba sa môže vracať, ale pacienti s ňou môžu prežiť skutočne kvalitný život ešte ďalších dvadsať rokov“, ubezpečuje Katarína Masárová.

V súčasnosti sa tento celoeurópsky zdravotnícky problém dostal do popredia a prijímajú sa potrebné riešenia. Slovenská myelómová spoločnosť a teda i množstvo slovenských odborníkov a lekárov koná po celom Slovensku aj pre obvodných lekárov raz do mesiaca prednášky, kde sa dozvedia všetky potrebné informácie, s ktorými pacient môže prísť a ktoré môžu pomôcť k včasnému odhaleniu mnohopočetného myelómu. „Stávalo sa, že k nám prišiel pacient už na vozíčku. Tvrdil, že prišiel k obvodnému lekárovi s bolesťami chrbtice a odchádzal z vyšetrenia s vyhodnotením, že veď koho dnes nebolí chrbtica,“ spomína s pohoršením vyhľadávaná hematologička a vzápätí potvrdzuje, že potreba väčšej informovanosti nie len lekárov prvého kontaktu, ale i širokej verejnosti sa ukázala pri liečbe mnohopočetného myelómu ako kľúčová: „Po tom, ako sa rozbehlo toto vzdelávanie, narástol aj prísun pacientov, ktorým bolo možne včas podať potrebnú liečbu. Tí, ktorým bola diagnóza stanovená už v neskoršom štádiu, to znamená, že už boli na vozíku alebo na lôžku, sa majú dnes dobre, znovu chodia, poniektorí dokonca športujú,“ dodáva Katarína Masárová. 

Základné informácie o ochorení:

• Mnohopočetný myelóm je zriedkavý druh rakoviny kostnej drene prameniaci z plazmatických buniek v kostnej dreni.

• Nie je vyliečiteľný. Cieľom liečby je zabrániť rozvoju choroby, navodiť remisiu a zlepšiť kvalitu života.

• Obvykle ním trpia ľudia starší ako 60 rokov a postihuje viac mužov ako ženy.

• Najčastejšími symptómami a vedľajšími účinkami sú bolesť kostí, zlomeniny kostí, únava, opakované alebo pretrvávajúce infekcie, poškodenie obličiek a hyperkalcémia, čiže zvýšená hladina vápnika v krvi.

Viac informácií o ochorení pre laickú verejnosť, pacientov a ich rodinných príslušníkov, taktiež pre lekárov sa možno dočítať na www.myelom.sk

Foto:  MUDr. Katarína Masárová

11 komentárov

  • Komentár Chanel %AM, %24 %538 %2025 %11:%mar napísal Chanel

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