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Zaujímavosti o koži. Koža je najväčší telesný orgán. U dospelého človeka by plošne rozložená pokryla takmer 2 m2 .


koža váži približne 3 kg, respektíve asi jednu dvadsatinu celkovej hmotnosti ľudského tela
- na ploche 2,5 cm2 sa nachádza vyše 19 miliónov  kožných buniek

hrúbka kože sa pohybuje od 0,5 mm do 5 mm. Tenšia je na miestach, ktoré nie sú príliš vystavované odreniam alebo tlaku, hrubšia na viac namáhaných plochách

najtenšia je koža na viečkach a najhrubšia na chodidlách

podkožné väzivo je 2-krát hrubšie u žien ako u mužov

- koža plní niekoľko funkcií - izoluje od vonkajšieho prostredia, reguluje telesnú teplotu, chráni pred škodlivým pôsobením mikróbov, toxínov, alergénov, UV žiarenia. Udržuje rovnováhu tekutín, zabezpečuje výmenu plynov (dýchanie), vylučovanie škodlivých látok a reguluje teplotu tela.

- vďaka tisícom drobných receptorov je koža veľmi citlivý orgán, ktorý rozpozná aj ten najslabší dotyk, tlak, teplotu i bolesť

- koža má tri vrstvy. Vrchná vrstva je pokožka, ktorá sa ako jediná dokáže neustále obnovovať.

umývaním sa ochranný film kože narušuje a obnoví sa až za 1 – 2 hodiny, na celom tele i po 5 hodinách

- hlavnými produktmi kože sú maz, pot, keratín a melanín

- z  pohľadu vývojovej biológie je koža pomerne mladou a sofistikovanou súčasťou organizmov

poznáme vyše 300 kožných chorôb a ochorení , ktoré sa prejavujú aj na koži

- prvé dochované písomné zmienky o kožných chorobách pochádzajú z obdobia starovekého Egypta

- francúzsky chirurg Guy de Chauliac popísal v 14. storočí červené škvrny na tvári a zdurený nos, teda ochorenie známe pod názvom ružovka. Veľa prejavov kožných ochorení je popísaných aj v diele anglického dramatika Williama Shakespeara.

- v roku 1572 Talian Geronimo Mercurializ napísal dielo „O chorobách kože“, ktoré sa považuje za prvú vedeckú prácu z odboru dermatológia



11 komentárov

  • Komentár Shinhwaspodium.Com %PM, %14 %678 %2025 %15:%mar napísal Shinhwaspodium.Com

    Supplementing with creatine phosphate can help replenish these stores, doubtlessly
    resulting in improved performance and faster restoration between units or sprints.
    Whether Or Not you are a seasoned athlete or simply starting your health
    journey, creatine monohydrate presents a well-researched, dependable,
    and reasonably priced method to improve your performance and support your coaching routine.
    Touted as the method ahead for creatine supplementation,
    it consists of a molecule of esterified creatine monohydrate,
    i.e., creatine linked to an alcohol (ethanol) molecule.
    While regular creatine molecules have positive and adverse charges,
    the ester sure to this molecule neutralises these charges.

    It incorporates 82.4% creatine, which means it theoretically offers 8.2g of active creatine per dosage of 10g.

    Moreover, some analysis has reported that it can enhance sprinting and swimming performance, but other research has
    failed to show consistent advantages (12, 18,
    19, 20). That’s because it’s concerned within the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is a major source of cellular vitality.
    Taking it earlier than a workout provides you more vitality and energy in your workout and improves
    your efficiency. Creatine HCL is shaped by binding of creatine with the hydrochloride molecule.
    This formulation is filled with tons of beneficial ingredients including nutritional vitamins & amino acids and is
    designed for speedy outcomes. Not simply your common creatine; it's
    infused with a nitrate group, boosting solubility and absorption.
    Every additive to your fitness regime one way or the other delivers optimistic as properly as negative elements.
    Whereas evaluating creatine monohydrate vs creatine nitrate, here are some of the possible unwanted side effects
    you would possibly need to know about each. Additionally,
    there are very restricted brands that supply creatine nitrate which somehow costs
    more.
    Adding to the above-mentioned protective results of Creatine during a hypoxic
    scenario, special advantages of creatine on the CNS have been proven. The time
    period excitotoxicity describes the destruction of neuronal cells as a outcome of pathological activation of its excitatory receptors [202].
    Research was in a place to present that excitatory amino acids,
    similar to Glutamate, turn into extra neurotoxic when the cell’s power levels are decreased by hypoxia [211].

    Activation of the glutamate NMDA receptor correlates with lowered ATP
    and PCr ranges [212].
    Though there is not any such vegetable source with high creatine in comparison, consumption of meals wealthy in arginine, glycine,
    and methionine, which are the three amino acids that help produce
    creatine by the physique, are available. Creatine ranges
    can be increased naturally by together with more creatine wealthy meals in your food plan. A 3.5
    ounce serving of salmon a minimum of twice a week will provide the physique with sufficient creatine to boost the energy degree in your
    body. It is doubtless considered one of the most complete
    dietary sources of protein with an amino acid profile nearly similar to your muscles.

    The antidepressant effect of creatine in the TST is blocked by compounds that inhibit serotonin synthesis [38], and enhanced by co-administration with
    SSRIs like fluoxetine [38]. We’re a staff of athletes,
    vitamin coaches, and registered dieticians who love to share our passion for figuring out and eating healthy.
    HCL is meant to provide the same advantages as monohydrate however at lower doses of one to 2 grams.
    However, analysis doesn’t assist these claims, and you should take
    the standard dose of three to 5 grams to see results. As A Result Of of that, it’s difficult to say that
    it doesn’t result in the identical side effects.
    The neatest thing to do is check yourself and see which kind feels higher, especially if you expertise GI
    discomfort from monohydrate. Even if creatine causes mild GI discomfort that can have an result on workout performance,
    merely take it several hours earlier than or after working out to reduce risks and avoid taking it on an empty
    abdomen.
    In this text, we’ll discover the benefits of creatine and
    compare creatine monohydrate vs. HCL. Kre-Alkalyn is made utilizing an alkaline buffering process somewhat than conventional acidification. This
    prevents the formation of creatinine, which
    can trigger abdomen distress and scale back absorption throughout your exercises.
    Let’s differentiate the two creatine primarily based
    on the unwanted effects, solubility, absorption, creating loading, and value.
    Once ingested, it's transported into the muscle
    cell and combines with other compounds to form phosphocreatine,
    a source of stored energy used during quick periods of intense exercise.

    It comes in many types including creatine malate, monohydrate, and Kre-Alkalyn, making it hard to know the
    distinction amongst them, the best one for you, and their advantages.

    Maternal creatine supplementation has been reported to improve neonatal survival and organ function following birth asphyxia in animals [277,278,279,281,282,283,285].
    In humans, there could be proof that the creatine needs
    of the mom enhance during being pregnant [7,280].
    Consequently, there was curiosity in figuring out the role of creatine
    throughout being pregnant on fetal progress, improvement, and
    health of the mother and baby [7,280,286,287,288].
    Obtainable literature suggests that creatine metabolism could play an essential function within the bioenergetics of successful replica and that creatine supplementation could improve reproductive and/or perinatal outcomes [7,277,278,279,280,283,284,286,288].


    Intravenous in vivo administration of phosphocreatine was capable of confer significant myocardial
    protection after bypass surgical procedure [188], leading to a reduction within the incidence of ventricular fibrillation and myocardial infarction in addition to arrhythmias [189].

    The newly developed particular form of creatine, cyclo-creatine, deserves particular attention. After an oral loading phase prior to elective cardiac interventions (PCI,
    ACVB, HTX), cyclo-creatine has an identical protective impact in opposition to deadly occasions [183,187,one hundred ninety,191].

    You’re ready to take your coaching to the following level and
    that additional little kick is all you want. J.R.S.

    has conducted industry-sponsored research on creatine and other nutraceuticals over the past 25 years.
    Further, J.R.S. has additionally received monetary help for presenting on the science of varied nutraceuticals, besides creatine, at industry-sponsored
    scientific conferences. Keep In Mind, what’s necessary is discovering what
    works best for you and aligns along with your values. It’s a
    prime pick for athletes who can’t threat banned substances and for anybody who cares in regards to the safety and efficacy of what they’re putting in their bodies.
    The European Meals Security Authority (EFSA) recommends
    that DHT levels mustn't exceed three mg/kg.

    All information that help the findings of this study can be found from the corresponding creator on cheap
    request. Creatine (Creapure®) and placebo (maltodextrin) have been offered by Alzchem Trostberg GmbH (Trostberg, Germany)
    free of cost. Alzchem Trostberg GmbH and its workers had no affect on the examine protocol, statistical analysis, interpretation of results, and
    writing of this manuscript. Measurements of oxidative
    and phosphagen vitality contribution measured by gas change might enable for additional insights into this matter however
    was unavailable at the time in the required measurement frequency [7].
    A decrease in ΔLa signifies that phosphagen power contribution replaces glycolysis in the course of the sprint check,
    altering the sprint metabolism.
    Additional, the added solubility and potential advantages of Creatine Nitrate may justify the higher
    price for some users, however it’s essential
    to contemplate your price range when making a alternative.

    While evaluating Creatine Nitrate and Creatine Monohydrate based on performance and
    efficacy, it’s certainly to address the function of
    each supplements. Possibly the available scientific evidence and user experiences assure the efficacy.
    The affect of nitrate on creatine absorption might vary from individual to individual, making it much less predictable
    when it comes to bioavailability when compared to Creatine Monohydrate.
    While some research suggest that it takes less time to soak up, extra proof is required for this.

    Creatinol-O-phosphate was originally designed to work as a cardioprotective drug
    that was additionally used to deal with irregular heartbeats as a
    end result of it helps enhance heart efficiency and ionic balance.
    Toxicological studies confirmed that creatinol-O-phosphate is well-tolerated, lacks unwanted effects
    and has a positive therapeutic index (x). Creatinol-O-phosphate prolongs the method of anaerobic glycolysis by acting as a buffer between cells.
    The complement thus permits the muscle tissue to contract past the purpose at
    which the protecting measures would usually
    kick in and shut down activity. Now I’ve been harping on about loading phases and by now you’re pondering,
    "Do I actually need to load up on creatine earlier than I begin seeing results? Since it’s composed of creatine molecules and a water molecule, it’s about 90% pure creatine by weight. That’s proper, while each are superior for muscle development and athletic efficiency, they’ve obtained some key differences.
    Tarnopolsky et al. selected patients portraying this diagnosis and measured skeletal muscle CreaT protein in addition to sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase protein content material (mtCK) [18]. These results indicate that lower levels of CreaT protein is the most important contributor to decreased total creatine and PCr ranges in myopathies, and that creatine supplementation may provide a beneficial treatment to restore these stores. Taking creatine dietary supplements will increase your phosphocreatine stores, permitting your physique to supply extra ATP and repeatedly gasoline your muscular tissues. This can enhance athletic performance and permit you to push through high-intensity train. Athletes and bodybuilders use creatine Kre-Alkalyn and monohydrate supplements to extend muscle mass, strength, and athletic performance. Cornelissen et al [80] analyzed the results of 1 week loading protocol (3 X 5 g/d CM) followed by a three month maintenance period (5 g/d) on cardiac patients involved in an endurance and resistance coaching program. Though CM supplementation didn't considerably improve efficiency, markers of renal and liver function were within normal ranges indicating the safety of the utilized creatine supplementation protocol.
    This type of mutation usually leads to just about complete creatine depletion within the mind, although noticed musculoskeletal and cardiac function remain as normal. A muscle biopsy was excised from the affected person following surgery for scoliosis and in comparability with three different archived samples to function a control. It was concluded that muscle was not affected by the CreaT mutation since no abnormalities have been seen in creatine focus, muscle histology, and electron transport chain activity.
    Depressed mood, which might happen in the context of major depressive dysfunction, bipolar disorder, and other situations, represents a severe risk to public well being and wellness. Typical treatments usually are not efficient for a significant proportion of patients and interventions that are typically helpful for treatment-refractory depression usually are not widely obtainable. There is, due to this fact, an immense need to identify novel antidepressant strategies, particularly methods that concentrate on physiological pathways that are distinct from those addressed by conventional remedies. There is rising evidence from human neuroimaging, genetics, epidemiology, and animal studies that disruptions in mind vitality production, storage, and utilization are implicated within the improvement and maintenance of depression. Creatine, a extensively available dietary supplement, has the potential to enhance these disruptions in some sufferers, and early clinical trials point out that it could have efficacy as an antidepressant agent. Murphy et al. examined how CreaT mRNA, CreaT protein, and total creatine (TCr) content material varies between oxidative and glycolytic muscle fibers [11]. Muscle sampling, enzymatic assays, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR have been utilized to gather the info.
    The AC[La-]+EPOCfast was assumed because the sum of ePCr and e[La-] estimated through the supramaximal effort (Bertuzzi et al., 2010; Zagatto et al., 2016, 2017a; Miyagi et al., 2017; Redkva et al., 2018). The oxidative pathway (eOXID) was assumed as the V˙O2 integral underneath the curve (i.e., V˙O2 area) subtracting the baseline V˙O2 space. The GXT was designed to final ∼8–12 min, in accordance with pointers to assess the V˙O2max and iV˙O2max (Howley et al., 1995). The GXT started at eight km⋅h-1, with 1.5 km⋅h-1 increments every 2 min until exhaustion (Brisola et al., 2015; de Poli et al., 2016; Zagatto et al., 2016). The alternative between Creatine Nitrate and Creatine Monohydrate based mostly on dosage and usage primarily is decided by your private preferences and targets. When evaluating Creatine Nitrate with Creatine Monohydrate, it tends to be dearer than the other one. It includes a quantity of factors, that include the worth of production, the addition of nitrate molecules, and the novelty of the product.
    But regardless of whether you select creatine hcl, monohydrate, or when you decide to take creatine (pre/post workout), do not forget that high quality matters. Both way, whether or not you take creatine monohydrate or hcl, you're more than more likely to see faster progress towards your objectives. This is why we use creatine monohydrate in Naked Creatine, in addition to in our pre exercise complement, Naked Vitality.
    In the past, there were issues about the risks of taking a creatine supplement. There had been claims that it worked like a steroid and triggered numerous unfavorable side effects like weight gain, hair loss and kidney problems. If you've got spent some time perfecting your complement regime, you already know that including creatine to the combo is a no brainer.
    It is stored in muscular tissues as phosphocreatine, the place it helps the manufacturing of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the first power foreign money of cells. This perform makes creatine important for high-intensity, short-duration activities like weightlifting and sprinting. Creatine is extremely efficient for aiding muscle progress and quickly growing muscle mass. Research reveals that athletes taking creatine for as few as 5 to seven days have proven significantly increased lean physique mass and muscle size.
    Utilizing creatinine, a healthcare supplier can be taught more about your kidney health. You can enhance its levels in your body by eating meals with plenty of creatine. Animal-based foods like purple meat and fish offer creatine, however plant-based meals sometimes do not. Analysis says creatine from food is absorbed most effectively compared to supplements.
    Its ability to increase muscle mass, energy, and train efficiency has made it a staple within the health and bodybuilding communities. Creatine hydrochloride (HCL) is a type of creatine in which the creatine molecule is certain to a hydrochloric acid. This form of creatine is marketed because it's x50 more soluble in water compared to creatine monohydrate.
    It was additionally discovered that after electroconvulsive remedy patients with MDD exhibited increases in [tCr] within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and subgenual ACC. The literature mentioned thus far dealt primarily with how the CreaT is regulated after creatine has been absorbed into the bloodstream. Peral et al. took a unique approach by examining intestinal CreaT activity following supplementation [13]. Results from this research point out that not only is the CreaT sodium dependent, however additionally it is partially chloride dependent.

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