História holenia ako to celé začalo...

Napísal Jana Naščáková 04. apríl 2024

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Páni so svojimi fúzmi bojujú po tisíce rokov, a tak niet divu, že sa techniky a nástroje holenia výrazne zmenili. Podľa jaskynných malieb z doby kamennej si muži upravovali plnofúz pomocou lastúr. Prvý holiaci nástroj sa objavil približne pred tridsiatimi tisíckami rokov. Tušíte, o ktorý šlo?

history_shaving_24

Faraónska briadka či rímsky clean shave: vývoj holenia v čase

Holenie bolo pre odvážnych

Úprava fúzov rozhodne nepatrila na denný poriadok, ako je to dneska. Plnofúz muži nosili predovšetkým z praktického hľadiska. Dôvodom, prečo zostávali zarastení bola ochrana pred veľkými mrazmi. Pokiaľ sa do holenia predsa len niekto pustil, najprv použil lastúry, ktoré fungovali na princípe pinzety alebo klieští. Neskôr to boli pazúrikové čepieľky, ktoré sú dodnes vnímané ako prvý holiaci nástroj.

Pazúriky nahradil módny hit

Obrovský zlom v holení jednoznačne predstavovali medené britvy v Mezopotámii, Indii a Egypte zhruba 3 000 rokov pred naším letopočtom. Postupne sa menil nielen tvar britvy, ale aj materiál. S rozvojom spracovávania kovov sa začali vyrábať britvy z oceli, čo znamenalo ďalšiu evolúciu v podobe priamych a skalpovacích britiev. „Jednalo sa v podstate o predchodcu dnešnej japonskej oceli, ktorá sa v holiacich strojčekoch často vyskytuje,“ popisuje Monika Kovačovská za firmu BaByliss. Viac sa začali využívať aj z estetických dôvodov, keďže upravené fúzy určitým spôsobom kastovali spoločenské vrstvy. Napríklad Alexander Veľký holenie veľmi presadzoval a veril, že muži vyzerajú úhľadnejšie a čistejšie.

Prvá skalpovacia britva pochádza z britského Sheffieldu, centra nožiarskeho remesla z 18. a 19. storočia. Známa oceľ, prezívaná ako strieborná, bola vyrobená v roku 1740 Benjaminem Huntsmanem pomocou špeciálneho procesu tavenia. Veľmi rýchle sa z nej stal prémiový a vyhľadávaný materiál pre výrobu britiev. Bol však natoľko tvrdý, že ho britskí remeselníci odmietali ďalej spracovávať a z toho dôvodu sa zo začiatku musel vyvážať do Francúzska.

Obrovská rivalita vyústila v prvý holiaci strojček

To vzbudilo medzi týmito veľmocami obrovskú rivalitu, ktorá nakoniec donútila aj Britov používať sheffieldskú striebornú oceľ. Tá bola vyhľadávaná (a je aj dodnes) pre svoj dokonalý lesk a prvotriednu kvalitu. Víťazný koniec bol na konci 18. storočia jednoznačne na strane Francúzska. Postaral sa o to Jean Jacques Perret so svojím prvým holiacim strojčekom. Geniálnu myšlienku tohto experta na holenie rozvinul K. C. Gilette a v roku 1902 predstavil jednorazový holiaci strojček s výmennými čepieľkami, ktorý sa stal okamžitým úspechom! V roku 1928 bol patentovaný elektrický holiaci strojček a spolu s žiletkami postupne vytlačil z trhu klasické britvy.

Záruka kvality: japonská oceľ

Ak sa budeme baviť o súčasnosti, určite by sme mali spomenúť japonskú oceľ, ktorá hrá významnú úlohu v kaderníckom remesle. Nejde pritom o žiadnu novinku, pretože bola používaná k výrobe nožov v Japonku už v staroveku. „Poskytuje lepšiu ostrosť než obyčajná nerezová oceľ. Je to prémiový druh oceli, ktorá sa môže pochváliť veľmi vysokým obsahom uhlíku. Je ťažšia než nemecká oceľ a rovnako udržuje ostrie dlhšie ako iné materiály s nižším obsahom uhlíku. Poskytuje jednoducho najlepšiu ostrosť a strih je vďaka nej maximálne precízny. Aj preto s ňou nielen my pracujeme,“ vysvetľuje Monika Kovačovská za firmu Babyliss.

Zaujímavosti na záver:

Babylončania, Asýrčania a Peržania nosili svoje fúzy bezchybne upravené, stočené do roliek. Niektoré boli dokonca posypané zlatým práškom.
Holenie na briadku pochádza zo starovekého Egypta, kde ju nazývali faraónska briadka. Bola buď pestovaná alebo umelo nalepená. Z tejto doby zároveň pochádzajú prvé zmienky o kúpeľníkoch a kúpelníckych školách.
Gréci a Rimania nosili naopak dohladka oholenú tvár. Návšteva kúpeľov bola spoločenskou udalosťou, vďaka ktorej sa muži stretávali a rozoberali napríklad politiku.

TIP: 15v1 – Vytvorte si zostrih ako od barbera

S luxusným multifunkčným zastrihávačom BaByliss MT991E budete vyzerať akoby ste práve vyšli z barbershopu. Je bezdrôtový, vodovzdorný a vhodný na každodenné používanie. Čepele z odolného titanu vám vďaka svojej presnosti poskytnú to najlepšie kontúrovanie a detailné zastrihávanie. Zvoliť si môžete jednu zo 4 magnetických vymeniteľných hlavíc pre úpravu vlasov, fúzov alebo chlpov na tele a vytvoriť si look presne podľa vašich predstáv! A to doslova, pretože k dispozícii máte celkom 15 nástavcov. Navyše, v kúpeľni si môžete prístroj pohodlne umiestniť do nabíjacieho stojana s USB konektorom. Výkonná lithium-iontová batéria sa postará až o 5 hodín zastrihávania pri 3 hodinách nabitia. Jej stav si kedykoľvek skontrolujete na digitálnom displeji.

V časovom sklze určite oceníte funkciu rýchleho nabíjania, kedy po 20 minútach na nabíjačke získate až 40 minút strihania. Strojček ponúka 6 polôh nastavenia vedenia hrebeňa na strnisko 1–3,5 mm. Sada jednoducho upevniteľných magnetických hlavíc obsahuje široký titanový zastrihávač pre dlhšie a husté vlasy, titanový zastrihávač na fúzy, zastrihávač nosných a ušných chĺpkov so systémom skosených čepelí pre šetrné strihanie a holiace hlavice pre hladké a precízne oholenie. V balení nájdete aj olej, čistiacu kefku a ochranné puzdro.

babyliss_man_030424

Zastrihávač BaByliss MT991E má trojročnú záruku a je dostupný na www.bodylovers.sk

Zdroj foto: https://commons.wikimedia.org/

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Status	Duration
Starting	0.09 ms
checking permissions	0.01 ms
Opening tables	0.02 ms
After opening tables	0.00 ms
System lock	0.00 ms
table lock	0.01 ms
init	0.03 ms
Optimizing	0.02 ms
Statistics	0.06 ms
Preparing	0.02 ms
Sorting result	0.01 ms
Executing	0.00 ms
Sending data	0.01 ms
Creating sort index	0.30 ms
End of update loop	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Commit	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Unlocking tables	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Starting cleanup	0.00 ms
Freeing items	0.01 ms
Updating status	0.01 ms
Reset for next command	0.03 ms

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	s	ref	idx_template,idx_client_id,idx_client_id_home	idx_client_id	1	const	2
1	SIMPLE	e	ref	element_clientid,element_folder_clientid,extension	element_clientid	303	yy039000db.s.template,const	1	Using index condition; Using where

#	Volacia funkcia	Súbor a číslo riadku
25	JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1662
24	JDatabaseDriver->loadObject()	JROOT/libraries/src/Helper/LibraryHelper.php:167
23	Joomla\CMS\Helper\LibraryHelper::Joomla\CMS\Helper\{closure}()	Rovnaké, ako volanie o riadok nižšie.
22	call_user_func_array()	JROOT/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/CallbackController.php:173
21	Joomla\CMS\Cache\Controller\CallbackController->get()	JROOT/libraries/src/Helper/LibraryHelper.php:175
20	Joomla\CMS\Helper\LibraryHelper::loadLibrary()	JROOT/libraries/src/Helper/LibraryHelper.php:43
19	Joomla\CMS\Helper\LibraryHelper::getLibrary()	JROOT/libraries/src/Helper/LibraryHelper.php:90
18	Joomla\CMS\Helper\LibraryHelper::getParams()	JROOT/libraries/src/Version.php:321
17	Joomla\CMS\Version->getMediaVersion()	JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:778
16	Joomla\CMS\Factory::createDocument()	JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:234
15	Joomla\CMS\Factory::getDocument()	JROOT/libraries/gantry5/classes/Gantry/Framework/Theme.php:116
14	Gantry\Framework\Theme->init()	JROOT/libraries/gantry5/classes/Gantry/Component/Theme/AbstractTheme.php:67
13	Gantry\Component\Theme\AbstractTheme->__construct()	JROOT/templates/g5_hydrogen/includes/theme.php:28
12	plgSystemGantry5->{closure}()	JROOT/libraries/gantry5/vendor/pimple/pimple/src/Pimple/Container.php:113
11	Pimple\Container->offsetGet()	JROOT/plugins/system/gantry5/gantry5.php:139
10	plgSystemGantry5->onAfterRouteSite()	JROOT/plugins/system/gantry5/gantry5.php:57
9	plgSystemGantry5->onAfterRoute()	Rovnaké, ako volanie o riadok nižšie.
8	call_user_func_array()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70
7	JEvent->update()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160
6	JEventDispatcher->trigger()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108
5	Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:1190
4	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->route()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:796
3	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->route()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:218
2	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225
1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

#	Volacia funkcia	Súbor a číslo riadku
20	JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Helper/LibraryHelper.php:117
19	Joomla\CMS\Helper\LibraryHelper::saveParams()	JROOT/libraries/src/Version.php:372
18	Joomla\CMS\Version->setMediaVersion()	JROOT/libraries/src/Version.php:331
17	Joomla\CMS\Version->getMediaVersion()	JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:778
16	Joomla\CMS\Factory::createDocument()	JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:234
15	Joomla\CMS\Factory::getDocument()	JROOT/libraries/gantry5/classes/Gantry/Framework/Theme.php:116
14	Gantry\Framework\Theme->init()	JROOT/libraries/gantry5/classes/Gantry/Component/Theme/AbstractTheme.php:67
13	Gantry\Component\Theme\AbstractTheme->__construct()	JROOT/templates/g5_hydrogen/includes/theme.php:28
12	plgSystemGantry5->{closure}()	JROOT/libraries/gantry5/vendor/pimple/pimple/src/Pimple/Container.php:113
11	Pimple\Container->offsetGet()	JROOT/plugins/system/gantry5/gantry5.php:139
10	plgSystemGantry5->onAfterRouteSite()	JROOT/plugins/system/gantry5/gantry5.php:57
9	plgSystemGantry5->onAfterRoute()	Rovnaké, ako volanie o riadok nižšie.
8	call_user_func_array()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70
7	JEvent->update()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160
6	JEventDispatcher->trigger()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108
5	Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:1190
4	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->route()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:796
3	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->route()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:218
2	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225
1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	xref	ref	tagID,itemID	itemID	4	const	1	Using where
1	SIMPLE	tag	eq_ref	PRIMARY,published	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.xref.tagID	1	Using where

#	Volacia funkcia	Súbor a číslo riadku
14	JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1740
13	JDatabaseDriver->loadResult()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/PlatformInfo/Joomla.php:31
12	RokCommon_PlatformInfo_Joomla->getDefaultTemplate()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/PlatformInfo/Joomla.php:105
11	RokCommon_PlatformInfo_Joomla->setPlatformParameters()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/Service.php:71
10	RokCommon_Service::getContainer()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/include.php:38
9	require_once JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/include.php	JROOT/plugins/system/rokcommon/rokcommon.php:96
8	plgSystemRokCommon->loadCommonLib()	JROOT/plugins/system/rokcommon/rokcommon.php:54
7	plgSystemRokCommon->__construct()	JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:280
6	Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::import()	JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:182
5	Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::importPlugin()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:667
4	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->initialiseApp()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:686
3	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->initialiseApp()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:212
2	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225
1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

#	Volacia funkcia	Súbor a číslo riadku
15	JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1740
14	JDatabaseDriver->loadResult()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/PlatformInfo/Joomla.php:31
13	RokCommon_PlatformInfo_Joomla->getDefaultTemplate()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/PlatformInfo/Joomla.php:67
12	RokCommon_PlatformInfo_Joomla->getDefaultTemplatePath()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/PlatformInfo/Joomla.php:106
11	RokCommon_PlatformInfo_Joomla->setPlatformParameters()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/Service.php:71
10	RokCommon_Service::getContainer()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/include.php:38
9	require_once JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/include.php	JROOT/plugins/system/rokcommon/rokcommon.php:96
8	plgSystemRokCommon->loadCommonLib()	JROOT/plugins/system/rokcommon/rokcommon.php:54
7	plgSystemRokCommon->__construct()	JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:280
6	Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::import()	JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:182
5	Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::importPlugin()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:667
4	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->initialiseApp()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:686
3	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->initialiseApp()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:212
2	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225
1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	a	ref	idx_state,idx_access,idx_context	idx_state	1	const	1	Using where; Using temporary; Pomocou filesort
1	SIMPLE	l	eq_ref	idx_langcode	idx_langcode	21	yy039000db.a.language	1	Using where
1	SIMPLE	uc	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.a.checked_out	1
1	SIMPLE	ag	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.a.access	1	Using where
1	SIMPLE	ua	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.a.created_user_id	1	Using where
1	SIMPLE	g	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.a.group_id	1	Using where

Status	Duration
Starting	0.04 ms
checking permissions	0.00 ms
Opening tables	0.01 ms
After opening tables	0.00 ms
System lock	0.00 ms
table lock	0.00 ms
init	0.02 ms
Optimizing	0.02 ms
Statistics	0.05 ms
Preparing	0.02 ms
Creating tmp table	0.02 ms
Sorting result	0.02 ms
Executing	0.00 ms
Sending data	0.07 ms
Creating sort index	0.01 ms
Removing tmp table	0.02 ms
Creating sort index	0.00 ms
End of update loop	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Commit	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Unlocking tables	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Starting cleanup	0.00 ms
Freeing items	0.00 ms
Updating status	0.02 ms
Reset for next command	0.01 ms

#	Volacia funkcia	Súbor a číslo riadku
14	JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:1264
13	Joomla\CMS\Table\Table->hit()	JROOT/components/com_k2/models/item.php:833
12	K2ModelItem->hit()	JROOT/components/com_k2/views/item/view.html.php:146
11	K2ViewItem->display()	JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php:664
10	Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController->display()	JROOT/components/com_k2/controllers/controller.php:20
9	K2Controller->display()	JROOT/components/com_k2/controllers/item.php:78
8	K2ControllerItem->display()	JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php:702
7	Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController->execute()	JROOT/components/com_k2/k2.php:64
6	require_once JROOT/components/com_k2/k2.php	JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:402
5	Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::executeComponent()	JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:377
4	Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::renderComponent()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:194
3	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->dispatch()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:233
2	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225
1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	PRIMARY	c	range	PRIMARY,category,published,access,trash	category	8	NULL	75	Using index condition; Using temporary; Pomocou filesort
1	PRIMARY	i	ref\|filter	PRIMARY,catid,idx_item	catid\|idx_item	4\|7	yy039000db.c.id	64 (50%)	Using index condition; Using where; Using rowid filter
1	PRIMARY	<derived3>	ref	key0	key0	4	yy039000db.i.id	10	FirstMatch(i)
3	DERIVED	NULL	NULL	NULL	NEMÔŽE BYŤ POUŽITÝ KĽÚČOVÝ INDEX	NULL	NULL	NULL	No tables used

Status	Duration
Starting	2.46 ms
checking permissions	0.00 ms
Opening tables	0.01 ms
After opening tables	0.00 ms
System lock	0.00 ms
table lock	0.00 ms
init	0.99 ms
Optimizing	0.80 ms
Statistics	0.11 ms
Preparing	0.02 ms
Creating tmp table	0.02 ms
Sorting result	0.01 ms
Executing	0.00 ms
Sending data	8.96 ms
Removing tmp table	0.00 ms
Sending data	128.65 ms
Creating sort index	10.08 ms
Removing tmp table	0.68 ms
Creating sort index	0.01 ms
End of update loop	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Commit	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Removing tmp table	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Unlocking tables	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Starting cleanup	0.00 ms
Freeing items	0.14 ms
Updating status	0.03 ms
Reset for next command	0.02 ms

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	m	ref	PRIMARY,published,newsfeeds	published	1	const	25	Using index condition; Using where; Pomocou filesort
1	SIMPLE	mm	ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.m.id	1	Using where; Using index
1	SIMPLE	e	ref	element_clientid,element_folder_clientid	element_clientid	303	yy039000db.m.module,const	1	Using index condition; Using where