Nová novela stavebného zákona a možné riziká

Napísal Tomáš Chramosta 02. október 2024

Česká cesta upozorňuje na zásadné riziká, tvrdí odborník. Koniec čiernych stavieb, rýchlejšie konanie a koniec zdĺhavej byrokracie. To všetko sľubuje návrh nového stavebného zákona, ktorý je momentálne v medzirezortnom pripomienkovom konaní.

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Ilustračné foto: Shutterstock

To všetko sľubuje návrh nového stavebného zákona, ktorý je momentálne v medzirezortnom pripomienkovom konaní. Výstavba nových domov, bytov či iných budov by sa tak na Slovensku mohla výrazne zrýchliť – územné rozhodovanie a stavebné povolenie by po novom mali byť vybavené v rámci jediného procesu. Problémy však môžu nastať s uvedením digitalizovaného konania do praxe. Podobnou zmenou prešlo nedávno Česko, kde nepodarená implementácia nového systému spôsobila stratu za stovky miliónov korún.

Návrh na dlho očakávanú zmenu stavebného zákona predložilo ministerstvo dopravy na konci tohto júla. Medzi hlavné body patrí zlúčenie územného plánovania a stavebného povolenia do jedného jediného konania. Upúšťa sa tak od doterajších dvojstupňových procesov. „V mnohých prípadoch sa dotknuté orgány a účastníci konania vyjadrovali k predmetu veci duplicitne, čím sa zjednoduší a skráti schvaľovací proces stavieb,“ uviedlo ministerstvo dopravy v predkladacej správe.

Nová legislatíva zároveň upravuje postupy pri nelegálnych stavbách. Budovy postavené nepovolenými stavebnými prácami už podľa nového zákona nebude možné dodatočne povoliť. „Návrh tým presne určuje postup stavebného úradu pri nepovolených stavebných prácach a ich odstraňovaní. Zároveň sa rozširuje okruh osôb, ktoré budú v prípade porušenia zákona postihnuté, napríklad stavebný dozor alebo zhotoviteľ stavby vrátane stavbyvedúcich,“ upresňuje Marek Hošek zo spoločnosti Lomax, ktorá sa na Slovensku venuje výrobe garážových vrát, okien a dverí.

Rezort chce docieliť to, aby tieto stavby nefigurovali ako trvale nepovolené, neskolaudované, ale roky bezproblémovo užívané. Finálna podoba bude musieť prejsť vládou a parlamentom, nové predpisy v takom prípade začnú platiť od apríla budúceho roku.

Komplikácie s digitalizáciou stoja českú vládu milióny eur denne

Zástupcovia vlády vo svojom návrhu počítajú s účinnosťou nového stavebného zákona od 1. apríla 2025. Dovtedy majú mať stavbári aj úradníci k dispozícii plne funkčný informačný systém a platformu na elektronickú komunikáciu. Tak rýchly postup podľa odborníkov nie je realistický. „Spracovať funkčný softvér pre tisíce fyzických aj právnických osôb zaberie určite viac než rok. Vláda by mala premýšľať o preklenovacom období, v ktorom sa všetky zúčastnené osoby naučia pracovať s novým rozhraním,“ navrhuje Hošek.

V opačnom prípade podľa nej hrozí, že sa na Slovensku bude opakovať tzv. česká cesta. Na začiatku júla totiž u našich západných susedov došlo k reštrukturalizácii stavebného zákona spoločne s digitalizáciou stavebného konania, ktoré spôsobili značný rozruch. „Ukázalo sa totiž, že nové informačné systémy nie sú ani funkčné, ani navzájom prepojené. Úradníkom aj stavebníkom chýbajú základné funkcie, ktorými disponovali predchádzajúce programy, niekedy dokonca nový systém znemožňuje aj také základné operácie, ako je napríklad odoslanie dokumentácie,“ vysvetľuje Hošek a dodáva, že súčasný stav stavebného konania v Českej republike je vo výrazných problémoch. Miestni úradníci dokonca priznávajú, že sa musia pri práci v novom rozhraní spoliehať na metódu pokus-omyl.

Komplikácie spojené s novým stavebným zákonom v Česku priniesli miliónové straty, podľa niektorých analytikov dokonca v hodnote 770 miliónov korún denne – to je v prepočte zhruba tridsať miliónov eur. To všetko z dôvodu prelínania agendy, ktorá sa vybavuje podľa nového aj starého stavebného zákona súčasne. „Miestne stavebné úrady sú od júla zahltené sledovaním zmien, dodržiavaním priebežných termínov a vybavovaním starej agendy. Neistota zasahuje aj do vykonávania kolaudácií, ktoré sú možné iba za podmienok nového zákona. Podobné predlžovanie stavebného konania môže ohroziť termíny realizácií, tým pádom aj čerpanie dotácií pri veľkom množstve budúcich stavieb,“ opisuje Hošek.

Digitalizácia mala podľa odhadov českého ministerstva pre miestny rozvoj skrátiť priemerný čas, ktorý je potrebný na vydanie stavebného povolenia. V prípade bytového domu by to malo byť 60 kalendárnych dní, v prípade jednoduchej stavby polovica. Hlavný prínos novely sa však úplne minul účinkom. „Stal sa presný opak – miesto zjednodušenia procesov došlo k výrazne dlhším prieťahom. Výrazné straty pre tieto komplikácie zatiaľ nepociťujeme, je to však iba otázka času, kedy táto situácia kriticky doľahne na výrobcov a predajcov. Trh vždy reaguje s oneskorením,“ varuje Hošek.

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    ### Read Next

    Anavar For Women - Female Steroids for Muscle Growth (Before And After
    Weight Loss Result)

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