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dTest: Pozor na sociálne siete

Napísal Miroslava Boškovičová 25. júl 2023

Dnešný svet si nedokážeme bez online prostredia ani predstaviť. Denne používame sociálne siete, prostredníctvom ktorých zdieľame svoje zážitky, komunikujeme s priateľmi či s rodinou. Avšak ani tento zdanlivo bezpečný priestor nie je bez rizík. 

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Na čo by si mali spotrebitelia dávať pozor a ako môžu zabrániť prípadným problémom?

Nakupovanie cez sociálne siete

Samotné nákupy nemusia byť vôbec ničím rizikovým. Máte doma prebytočné oblečenie, ktorého sa chcete zbaviť a ideálne si privyrobiť pár eur? Predaj je skvelou možnosťou, pričom množstvo sociálnych sietí ponúka možnosť predaja prostredníctvom pár klikov. Ak ste na opačnej strane a tovar nakupujete, môže sa vám stať, že tovar nepríde v poriadku, prípadne vôbec. Výnimkou však nie sú ani prípady, kedy spotrebitelia (či už na strane kupujúceho, alebo predávajúceho) prídu prostredníctvom premyslených podvodov o veľkú sumu peňazí. O tejto problematike nájdete bližšie informácie na webovej stránke dTest.

Podozrivé odkazy

Ďalším veľkým rizikom sú podozrivé odkazy. Na tie môžu spotrebitelia naraziť pri nákupe, predaji, ale aj pri bežnej komunikácii. Väčšina používateľov sociálnych sietí sa už stretla so situáciou, keď im prišiel odkaz od kamaráta, príbuzného alebo kolegu z práce, pri ktorom bol napríklad text: „Si to ty?“ Používatelia často na takéto odkazy klikajú. Správa však často nepríde od kamaráta, ale z profilu, ktorý kamaráta pripomína, prípadne z jeho napadnutého účtu.

Obrana pred týmito praktikami nie je jednoduchá. Ideálne je na žiadne odkazy neklikať, avšak v bežnej komunikácii sú často užitočnými pomocníkmi. Odporúčame preto kamaráta spätne kontaktovať a požiadať ho o bližší popis odkazu, pretože napadnuté účty spravidla pošlú len túto správu s odkazom a následne už nereagujú. Ak potom odosielateľ správy nebude vedieť, že odkaz poslal, ide pravdepodobne o napadnutý účet.

Ak bol odkaz odoslaný z vášho profilu, odporúčame sa ihneď odhlásiť zo všetkých zariadení (väčšina sociálnych sietí ponúka túto možnosť na jedno kliknutie) a zmeniť heslo na bezpečnejší variant. Rovnako odporúčame zmeniť heslá aj na pridružených účtoch, teda napríklad na prihlasovacom e-maile.

V prípade, že máte problém zapamätať si rôzne heslá, môžete využiť služby manažéra hesiel. Niekoľko rád nájdete aj v našom článku.

Súťaže

Časté problémy sú spojené aj s rôznymi súťažami na sociálnych sieťach. Najväčším problémom je to, že mnoho súťaží je skutočných a nie vždy je tak jednoduché rozpoznať, či nejde o podvod. Dôležitým bodom je kontrola profilu, ktorý súťaž zdieľa. Ak ide o celosvetovú spoločnosť a na týchto stránkach je iba pár sto sledujúcich, je pravdepodobné, že ide len o napodobeninu týchto stránok. Je tiež dobré sledovať URL adresu, s pomocou ktorej je možné podvod v niektorých prípadoch odhaliť. Časté sú aj „preklepy“ v názvoch stránok, prípadne nahradenie písmen inými znakmi (napríklad znak | namiesto písmena I alebo číslo 0 namiesto písmena O).

Zároveň je dobré zamyslieť sa nad súťažou aj kriticky. Vyplatí sa spoločnosti rozdať všetkým súťažiacim vouchery v hodnote 200 EUR? Hoci súťaže často vyvolávajú dojem, že spoločnosť „utráca“ na spotrebiteľov, oveľa častejšie ide o premyslené marketingové stratégie, ktoré spoločnostiam vo výsledku zarobia omnoho viac.

V neposlednom rade spotrebiteľom odporúčame, aby si súťaže overili priamo na stránkach danej spoločnosti. Vo väčšine prípadov bude táto súťaž propagovaná aj mimo sociálnej siete, aby ju našiel čo najvyšší počet potenciálnych súťažiacich. „Ak je akcia propagovaná len na jednej sociálnej sieti, odporúčame zvýšiť obozretnosť a starostlivo zvážiť, či sa do nej zapojiť,“ upozorňuje Eduarda Hekšová, riaditeľka spotrebiteľskej organizácie dTest.

Výsledkom týchto podvodných súťaží býva často správa, prípadne odpoveď na komentár, ktorý obsahuje odkaz. Ten môže byť už sám o sebe škodlivý a napadnúť účet. V iných prípadoch si podvodník prostredníctvom neho vyžiada údaje, ktoré potom môže zneužiť. „Môže ísť napríklad o číslo platobnej karty,“ upresňuje Hekšová.  

Sľubovaný dar

Z času na čas sa stane, že sa na sociálnych sieťach objaví úplne cudzia osoba, ktorá tvrdí, že má prístup k väčšej sume peňazí (napr. dedičstvo), ale potrebuje najskôr zaplatiť poplatok, aby s financiami mohla disponovať. „Môže ísť o osoby, ktoré sa vydávajú za zahraničných vojakov, prípadne doktorov na misách,“ dopĺňa Eduarda Hekšová. Spravidla však tieto osoby po zaslaní požadovanej čiastky úplne zmiznú a nedajú sa nájsť, v iných prípadoch môžu požadovať ešte ďalší doplatok. Spotrebitelia by si však mali uvedomiť, že úplne cudzia osoba nebude mať záujem deliť sa o peniaze s náhodným človekom, na ktorého narazila na sociálnych sieťach.

V podobnom duchu sa nesú aj podvody, pri ktorých sa dotyčný „zamiluje“ a potrebuje požičať peniaze na cestu na Slovensko. Spotrebitelia by preto mali byť veľmi obozretní a na podobné správy ideálne vôbec nereagovať.

Problematikou podvodných schém na internete sme sa v minulosti zaoberali aj v našom článku.

Výhodné investície

Menej časté, ale rozhodne nie výnimočné, sú ponuky výhodných investícií. Môže ísť o investície do kryptomien, kedy spoločnosť zaručuje istý výnos. Medzi športovými nadšencami sa však môžeme stretnúť aj s tipmi na stávky, ktoré „zaručene znásobia vklad“. Je dôležité upozorniť, že žiadna investícia nie je zárukou zárobku a peniaze spotrebiteľov sú tak v nebezpečenstve. Investície samotné, samozrejme, nie sú zlé, ale mali by sa uskutočňovať u overených spoločností a s peniazmi, o ktoré si spotrebitelia môžu dovoliť prísť.

Zneužitie údajov zo sociálnych sietí

Záverom je vhodné spotrebiteľov upozorniť, že údaje na sociálnych sieťach môžu byť využívané aj inde. V poslednom čase sme sa stretli s niekoľkými prípadmi, keď podvodníci využili údaje (meno, priezvisko a dátum narodenia), ktoré potom zaslali spotrebiteľom na overenie formou SMS, pričom sa vydávali za štátne inštitúcie. „V jednej SMS žiadali podvodníci registráciu na podvodnej stránke kliknutím na odkaz. Údajným odosielateľom bolo Ministerstvo financií SR a účelom malo byť vyplatenie príspevku na energie,“ uvádza Hekšová konkrétny prípad. Ľudia by však aj tu mali spozornieť a skontrolovať si priamo na stránkach danej inštitúcie, či žiadosti o takýto príspevok vôbec prebiehajú. Zároveň je veľmi nepravdepodobné, že by sa podobné príspevky žiadali formou SMS.

Predísť týmto problémom je možné aj pomocou obmedzenia viditeľnosti týchto údajov. Väčšina sociálnych sietí požaduje iba zverejnenie mena – dátum narodenia a ďalšie údaje možno potom obmedziť tak, aby ich nevidel nikto nepovolaný.

Ako sa vyvarovať problémom

Všeobecná rada pre tieto prípady je neklikať na odkazy, pri ktorých si spotrebiteľ nie je úplne istý, kam vedú. Ani odkaz, ktorý príde z profilu známeho, nie je bezpečný a je dobré si overiť, či ho skutočne odoslala práve táto osoba.

Pri ostatných prípadoch je dôležité si dobre premyslieť, či je reálne, aby bola určitá ponuka (či istý zárobok) skutočná. Prípadne môžete prebrať situáciu s blízkou osobou, ktorá môže celú vec zhodnotiť s určitým odstupom a pomôcť tak predísť strate financií či zneužitiu osobných údajov. Len čo spotrebiteľ peniaze pošle, je potom veľmi ťažké získať ich späť. Pri vyplnení osobných údajov je zároveň prakticky nemožné zamedziť ich ďalšiemu šíreniu.

Pomôcť zlepšiť bezpečnosť na internete vám môže aj naša brožúra Bezpečne na internete.

Zdroj foto: Freepik

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