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Ako poznáte angínu? Je nepríjemná a deti doslova „odrovná“.

Napísal femme 07. február 2024

Angína patrí k najčastejším detským ochoreniam a v niektorých prípadoch sa opakovane vracia. Spôsobujú ju streptokokové baktérie, ktoré sa šíria vzduchom. Ako sa lieči? Prečo by ste určite mali vyraziť k lekárovi? A sú vždy nutná antibiotiká?

dievca_teplomer

Hlavná "sezóna" ochorenie angínou je v období od novembra do apríla. Nahráva tomu sychravé a premenlivé počasie a tiež fakt, že trávime väčšinu času v uzavretých priestoroch, kde sa baktérie ľahšie šíria.

Angína, spoločne s bronchitídou, čiže zápalom priedušiek a zápalom stredného ucha (ktorý síce spôsobujú baktérie, ale prepuká v nadväznosti na vírusové ochorenie, najčastejšie nádchu), patrí medzi najčastejšie bakteriálne infekcie, ktoré postihujú deti predškolského a školského veku.

Čo túto nepríjemnú a pomerne bolestivú chorobu spôsobuje a prečo niektoré deti postihuje doslova každú chvíľu? Problémy sa vracajú spravidla z dôvodu oslabenej imunity alebo jednoducho preto, že choroba nebola dôsledne doliečená. Nikdy preto nepodceňujte dobu liečenia, ktorú má malý pacient dodržiavať v pokoji a vo svojej posteli.

Angínu spôsobujú baktérie aj vírusy. Ide teda o akútny infekčný zápal krčných mandlí, ktorý je spôsobený najčastejšie streptokokovú baktériou, niekedy táto infekcia býva aj vírusového, zriedkavejšie mykotického (plesňového) pôvodu. Oproti tomu "bežné" prechladnutie je akútnym vírusovým zápalom horných dýchacích ciest.

Ako teda spoznať, kedy ide skutočne o angínu? Hlavné klinické príznaky bakteriálnej aj vírusovej angíny sú zvyčajne silná bolesť v krku, bolesť pri prehĺtaní a teplota alebo horúčka. Sliznica býva začervenaná, mandle môžu byť zväčšené a sprevádzané bielymi povlakmi. Pri bakteriálnej angíne pozorujeme častejšie zväčšené krčné uzliny, vírusová angína je zase viac spojená s kašľom, nádchou a zápalom spojiviek.

Príznaky angíny:

-        horúčka nad 38 stupňov

-        zimnica a potenie

-        kašeľ

-        silná bolesť v krku

-        biely povlak na krčných mandliach

-        problémy s prehĺtaním

-        začervenanie mäkkého podnebia a zadnej steny hltanu

Lekár pozná angínu podľa vyššie spomínaných klinických príznakov, ku ktorým môžeme pridať ešte zväčšenie lymfatických uzlín, chrapot, bolesti hlavy alebo bruška či celkovú únavu. Často sa rodičia v ordinácii pediatra pýtajú na tzv. CRP test. Ten dokáže odlíšiť bakteriálnu infekciu od vírusovej, najpresnejší (až 90%). No diagnostikovať angínu dokáže pediater aj z mikrobiologického vyšetrenia (ster zo sliznice a kultivácia vzorky) alebo pomocou rýchleho diagnostického ambulantného testu.

Angína sa lieči antibiotikami

Ochorenie je potrebné liečiť včas, pri prechodení totiž môžu vzniknúť vážne komplikácie. Pri angíne musí zvyčajne lekár nasadiť liečbu pomocou antibiotík. Hneď ako sa objaví neznesiteľná bolesť v krku a horúčka, je potrebné vyhľadať praktického lekára, pediatra, ktorý dieťa vyšetrí a určí vhodný spôsob liečby. Neliečená angína spôsobená streptokokom môže poškodiť srdce, obličky alebo kĺby.

Dodržujte pokyny lekára!

Ak vášmu dieťaťu antibiotiká boli predpísané, dôsledne sa riaďte pokynmi lekára. Lieky je potrebné užívať pravidelne, dodržujte presne intervaly medzi jednotlivými dávkami a nevysádzajte ich ihneď, ako sa drobcovi uľaví.


https://www.mottchildren.org/health-library/hw82738

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/symptoms-causes/syc-20350338

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