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Ukrajinská kuchyňa

Napísal femme 01. marec 2022

Ukrajina v týchto dňoch prechádza veľmi ťažkým obdobím. Veríme, že čoskoro pominie a budeme môcť jej územie, pamiatky a kuchyňu spoznávať priamo tam. Nedá sa povedať, že je to "najzdravšia kuchyňa", ale zato je veľmi chutná. Skúste si pripraviť ukrajinský obed z našich receptov.

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Ukrajina je náš východný sused a vždy bola bohatou obilnicou už počas Sovietskeho Ruska čo si zachovala až do dnešných dní. Vplyv ukrajinskej kuchyne badať hlavne na východnom Slovensku, kde sa pravidelne varia plnené pirohy na slano či sladko a strukovinovo-zeleninové polievky na spôsob východných susedov.
Na Ukrajine sa veľmi darí pšenici, žitu, ovsu, jačmeňu, kukurici a slnečnici. Okrem obilnín dopestujú Ukrajinci kapustu, sóju, zemiaky a ostatnú zeleninu. V kuchyni je bohato zastúpená aj živočíšna zložka. V obľube majú všetky druhy rýb, hydinu, bravčové, hovädzie mäso ako aj baranie a jahňacie mäso.

Ukrajinci sú družní a radi sa stretávajú za účelom kulinárskeho zážitku. Počas sviatkov dbajú, aby vždy bol prestretý bohatý stôl. Sobota je v podstate prípravou na nedeľu, kedy sa spravidla po obede známi a priatelia navštevujú. Klasické sviatočné menu predstavuje polievka so slížmi, zemiakový šalát s fašírkami alebo sekanou. Ako druhý variant sa zvykne podávať tzv. tušonka. Tušonka je smotanovo-bravčová omáčka s knedľami alebo zemiakovou kašou. Ako aj u nás po dobrom obede nasleduje niečo sladké, na Ukrajine sa podávajú koláče s kávou.

Polievky

Podobne ako v bulharskej kuchyni aj v ukrajinskej je obľúbenou polievkou boršč, ktorý sa prípravou mierne líši od regiónu. Rovnako je to aj pri strukovinových polievkach. Tradičnou delikatesou je rybacia polievka nazývaná soljanka, ktorá sa môže obmeniť, keď rybu nahradíte mäsom.

Múčne jedlá

Vzhľadom na spomínanú skutočnosť, že Ukrajina je bohatou obilnicou, prejavuje sa to v širokej škále múčnych jedál. Množstvo múky sa spotrebuje na výrobu buchtičiek, knedlí, pirôžkov, rôznych slížov a pečiva. Peľmene sú varené taštičky z múky, ktoré môžu mať slanú mäsovú, kapustovú alebo zemiakovú plnku. Navrch sa polievajú smotanou a výpekom. Knedle sú buď ako príloha v našej kuchyni alebo môžu byť plnené mäsom, údeninou a zeleninou.
Medovník je múčnikom číslo jeden na Ukrajine a nájdete ho v každej cukrárni. Varjenniky sú sladké taštičky plnené ovocím a tvarohom, ktoré sa varia vo vode. Počas Vianoc sa pripravuje sladká kuťa, ktorá je uvarená z pšenice, maku a orieškov.

Šašlík

Názov pochádza asi od Kozákov, ktorý ho prevzali od krymských Tatárov na začiatku 16. storočia. Ide o marinované mäso, ktoré sa podáva grilované na špízoch. Pripravuje sa z jahňacieho prípadne kozieho mäsa. Najlepšie je nechať mäso cez noc marinovať v zmesi červeného vína, oleja, octu a korenia. Mäso sa prekladá cibuľou, zeleninou alebo aj ovocím.

Zaujímavosťou je, že Ukrajinci s obľubou zavárajú ovocie ale tiež papriky, ktoré nakladajú do sladkokyslého nálevu z octu a medu. Tradičným nápoj je domáce víno, ďalej sa pije silná vodka a pivo, ktoré je až 16%. Obľúbeným nealkoholickým nápojom je kvas, ktorý je vyrobený kvaseného chleba, ktorý svojou chuťou a farbou pripomína pivo.

Skúste si pripraviť ukrajinský obed z našich receptov: peľmene, ľahká zeleninová polievka, jablkové palacinky na ukrajinský spôsob.

Ukrajinské peľmene (4 osoby)

Potrebujete: 300 g mletého mäsa ( 1/2 bravčového a 1/2 hovädzieho), 1 cibuľu, 100 g kyslej smotany, 1 kocku polievkového korenia, mleté čierne korenie a soľCesto: 300 g hladkej múky, voda podľa potreby a soľ

Postup: Z múky a vodu si pripravíte cesto, ktoré rozvaľkáte na pomúčenej doske a nakoniec vykrajujete štvorčeky 4x 4 cm.- do misy dáte mleté mäso, pridáte nadrobno nakrájanú cibuľu, soľ a korenie a dôkladne premiešate- na každý diel cesta dajte čajovú lyžičku mäsovej zmesi, zabaľte a varte vo vriacej vody s kockou polievkového korenia- asi po troch minútach varu peľmene vyberte, nechajte odkvapkať a podávajte s kyslou smotanou alebo rozpusteným maslom ochuteným s octom

Zeleninová polievka

Potrebujete: 2 mladé póry, 2 karotky, 1 menší karfiol, 4 listy bielej kapusty, 1 menšiu cibuľu, 2 lyžice posekaného petržlenu, 1,5 l zeleninového vývaru, 1 lyžička masla

Postup: Zeleninu nakrájate na tenké slíže, z póru použite jen bielu časť. V hrnci rozpustite maslo, vložte všetku zeleninu, osoľte a zeleninu osmažte do zlata. Potom prilejte vývar a varte pomalým varom 12-15 minút. Podávajte s posekaným petržlenom.

Bravčová pečeň po ukrajinsky

Potrebujete: 500 g bravčového pliecka, 20 g bravčovej masti, 3 cibule, 5 ks nového a čierneho korenia, tvrdý chlieb na zahustenie, za hrsť sekaného petržlenu, 200 g červené repy

Postup: Ako prvé si pripravíte tri dni pred pečením kvas z červenej repy: repu nastrúhate, prelejete vriacou vodou a 3 dny necháte v teple, nakoniec scedíte a nálev uschováte. Bravčové pliecko nakrájate na kocky, vložíte na rozpálenú masť a opečiete. Pridajte 3 pokrájané cibule, nového korenie a čierne korenie, osoľte a prelejte kvasom z repy. Poduste domäkka. Nakoniec posypte mäso posekaným petržlenom.

Jablkové palacinky na ukrajinský spôsob

Potrebujete: 250 g múky, 10 vajec, 250 ml sladkej smotany, 200 g masla, 200 g cukru, 500g jabĺk, 2 ČL citrónovej kôry

Postup: Žĺtky, smotanu, cukor a časť masla vymiešajte do hladkej hmoty, pridajte polohrubú múku a sneh z 3 bielkov. Jablká ošúpte, nastrúhajte, poduste spolu s cukrom na masle. Vznikne vám pyré, ktoré rozotriete na väčšie palacinky, ktoré upečiete z cesta. Stočíte ich, vložíte do zapekacej misky, zakryjete tuhým snehom zo 7 bielkov a dáte zapiecť do rúry. Palacinky zapekáte pri 170°C do zlata.

Dobrú chuť!

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