Chrípka, prechladnutie a závislosť: Trojica problémov, ktorým musíme čeliť.

Napísal Mgr. Alexandra Štullerová 08. február 2025

Trojica problémov, ktorým musíme čeliť. Odpovedá Mgr. Ondřej Pleskot, lekárnik z MojaLekáreň.sk Chrípka obvykle útočí v dvoch fázach na začiatku zimy a na jar. Ide o vírusové ochorenie, ktoré spôsobuje vírus (Orthomyxoviridae), ktorý má niekoľko typov A,B,C, pričom najbežnejší je typ A vyskytujúci sa u ľudí aj zvierat. 

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V období chrípok a prechladnutí ľudia často siahnu po voľnopredajných liekoch. Môže sa stať, že sa na nich stanú závislými?
Áno, aj voľnopredajné lieky môžu vyvolať závislosť, hoci riziko je vo všeobecnosti nižšie ako pri liekoch na predpis. Najrizikovejšie sú lieky proti bolesti s obsahom kodeínu alebo tramadolu, ktoré však u nás bez predpisu dostupné nie sú. Avšak aj bežné lieky proti bolesti, ako je ibuprofén alebo paracetamol, majú svoje riziká pri dlhodobom užívaní. Ďalej je potrebné spomenúť lieky na spanie a upokojenie, ktoré sú viazané na lekársky predpis. Pri doplnkoch stravy na upokojenie a spánok môže byť problémom obsah ľubovníka bodkovaného, ktorý je síce na tieto ťažkosti vhodný, ale môže znižovať účinnosť iných liekov. V neposlednom rade nesmieme zabudnúť na nosné spreje a kvapky s obsahom dekongestív, teda liekov proti opuchu nosovej sliznice, a preháňadlá.

Prečo sú práve nosné spreje tak problematické?
Dlhodobé používanie nosných sprejov s obsahom látok, ako je xylometazolín alebo oxymetazolín, mení nosnú sliznicu. Táto zmena môže byť trvalá - sliznica môže opuchnúť natrvalo bez ohľadu na nádchu. Vzniká tak začarovaný kruh, keď sa človek bez spreja nezaobíde. Problémy s nosnými sprejmi sú, bohužiaľ, jedným z najčastejších problémov, s ktorými sa stretávame.

Aké sú prvé varovné príznaky závislosti na nosných sprejoch?
Neschopnosť prestať užívať liek, zvyšovanie dávok, abstinenčné príznaky po vysadení – v prípade nosných sprejov je to neustále upchatý nos a potreba čoraz častejšej aplikácie.

Dá sa tejto závislosti zbaviť?
Je potrebné postupne znižovať dávku a frekvenciu užívania. Môžete skúsiť používať sprej len do jednej nosnej dierky a do druhej aplikovať sprej s morskou vodou. Dôležité je vyskúšať alternatívy, ako sú nosné výplachy s fyziologickým roztokom, alebo inhalácie. Ich účinky sa však s nosnými dekongestívami nemôžu porovnávať. V prípade problémov je nutné vyhľadať lekársku pomoc, ideálne ORL špecialistu.

Existujú alternatívy k nosným sprejom, ktoré nespôsobujú závislosť?
Áno, existujú. Napríklad nosné spreje s morskou soľou, ktoré zvlhčujú sliznicu a pomáhajú uvoľniť upchatý nos. Ďalej inhalácie s esenciálnymi olejmi, ktoré uvoľňujú dýchacie cesty a zmierňujú zápal. Pri esenciálnych olejoch je však potrebná opatrnosť a je nutné si overiť, či na ne nemáte alergickú reakciu. Vhodné sú aj nosné výplachy s fyziologickým roztokom, ktoré odstraňujú hlien a nečistoty z nosných dutín.

Očkovanie proti chrípke – je to efektívny spôsob, ako sa chrániť?
Očkovanie proti chrípke je spôsob, ako sa chrániť pred týmto ochorením a jeho komplikáciami. Je dôležité si uvedomiť, že chrípka nie je len „chrípočka“, ale môže mať vážne následky, najmä u seniorov, detí a ľudí s chronickými ochoreniami. Očkovanie je bezpečné, účinné a každoročne ho odporúčajú lekári aj lekárnici. Aj my v MojaLekáreň.sk radi pomôžeme s výberom vhodnej vakcíny s ohľadom na vek a zdravotný stav.

Stretávate sa v online poradni MojaLekáreň.sk s ľuďmi, ktorí potrebujú pomoc s odvykaním od voľne predajných liekov?
Najčastejšie sa v našej odbornej poradni stretávame so závislosťou na kvapkách do nosa. Spolu s tímom kolegov v online poradni máme na každého zákazníka čas, aby sme mu poradili na mieru, podľa individuálnej potreby. Napríklad odporúčame vhodné prípravky na liečbu závislosti, vysvetľujeme, ako postupne vysadzovať nosné kvapky, alebo nasmerujeme pacienta na ďalších odborníkov.

Myslíte si, že je legislatíva týkajúca sa predaja voľnopredajných liekov dostatočne prísna?
Mali by sme chcieť vyššiu zodpovednosť každého z nás, nie prísnejšie zákony a nariadenia. Vyššiu zodpovednosť môžeme kultivovať predovšetkým vzdelávaním verejnosti. Alebo si občas osviežiť informácie o účinkoch a dávkovaní liekov v príbalovom letáku – na MojaLekáreň.sk ich preto nájdete pri každom produkte. Aj tento rozhovor by mohol byť príkladom takéhoto úsilia.

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    "You should be a wonderful clean and jerker and snatcher to drag this motion off, so it really is not for novices,"
    he says. One Other aspect we see with high-rep snatches is a better hip place
    throughout the motion, with the shoulders extra aggressively over the bar.
    This allows the athlete to save some time by not
    resetting each time into the low-butt, high-chest place that's frequent with heavy snatches.
    From this traditional energy snatch, we will begin tweaking it and working on different techniques and methods that can be utilized to shave seconds from WOD occasions.
    The squat snatch is a highly technical and highly effective motion that is
    a staple in CrossFit and Olympic weightlifting.
    This is fine for folks learning the movement to catch in the quarter squat and
    then journey the motion down into the hole. One of the most important aspects behind educating a progression is the goal of getting the athlete to understand the
    technique. When somebody first starts beginning and learning to snatch they have zero
    clue of what goes into it. In Olympic weightlifting and
    power coaching there's a normal form of writing planned load.
    Coach give a prescribtion that athletes must do on the each coaching
    in particular way. Decide up an empty barbell (or a PVC pipe) and practice transferring little or no weight with good form.

    "It Is tough, certain, however that is part of what makes it so rewarding."
    The power you construct in a squat will carry over into the deadlift.
    The similar will be true for carryover from a deadlift to a squat, but not to the identical extent.
    The glutes and hamstrings are the principle
    drivers in pushing to extend the hips.
    It’s a two-part motion that might be accomplished quick or with a break on the
    grasp position, which permits for some recovery, both mentally and
    bodily. This is probably the most typical technique for decrease weight
    snatches at excessive reps. A Lot attention has been paid to the
    technique of the snatch, and good method is crucial to maximizing the loads moved in any given set.
    If the barbell strikes outside the base of help, the body’s positioning is suboptimal and
    lifts are often missed.
    Usually, it's faster to go for 2 units of 3-2 than making an attempt
    to go unbroken, fail on last rep after which resting longer as you want
    to recover from that failed rep. Snatches are
    unique as a end result of they use muscles
    all around the body. The muscles that work hardest during a snatch are the quadriceps, deltoids, trapezius, and glutes.
    Dane Miller is the proprietor and founding father of Storage Strength Sports
    Activities Efficiency. He works with a choose handful of purchasers on constructing complete programs for health and nutrition. Several occasions a 12 months he leads a workshop for coaches,
    trainers, and health lovers. A lateral squat movement
    that deeply engages the inner thighs and promotes
    hip mobility.
    By following this guide and working towards constantly, you’ll build the strength, power, and coordination wanted to perform this spectacular
    movement with confidence and precision. What is the Benefit of The Hanging Squat
    Snatch Technique? The hanging squat snatch helps improve
    your pulling strength and method from a better place. It focuses
    on the explosive part of the lift and may improve your overall snatch
    efficiency. The snatch — which can be accomplished with
    a barbell, dumbbell, or kettlebell — includes flinging weight from the
    ground all the greatest way overhead in a single fluid
    motion.
    "It's tough, positive, but that is a part of what makes it so rewarding," he provides.
    The kettlebell snatch requires extra talent than the dumbbell snatch.
    As A Result Of of the place of the deal with when you punch the burden toward the sky,
    you need to do it just so in order to avoid the bell crashing down onto your wrist.
    It may take a little trial and error to figure out the timing,
    says Wickham.
    If an athlete is very strong with this motion this
    can be unnecessarily time consuming. In the video below, both Josh Everett and Adrian Bozman move their toes to the landing position, then reset them to the pulling
    place whereas the bar is overhead. For establishing your 1RM snatch, the squat snatch is essentially the most environment friendly movement.
    It is arguably additionally some of the technically challenging actions we do with a barbell.

    The stance is about shoulder width, with the chest excessive.

    Full snatches, however, provide you with extra room to speed up the bar.
    Because of that, "most people are able to carry more weight with a full snatch," says Milgram.
    "In CrossFit, full snatches are usually the sort of snatch programmed in the course of the weightlifting portion of class, when the goal is to lift heavy," he says.
    Because of the place of the handle when you punch the burden in direction of the sky,
    you need to do it ~just so~ to avoid the bell crashing
    down onto your wrist. It may take slightly trial and error to determine
    the timing, according to Wickham. Do a few of these high-rep workouts in weightlifting shoes and some in running
    shoes. Combine it up and see the difference in platform
    you get by snatching in less-than-optimal shoes.
    These high-rep workouts give the athlete some options in how
    he chooses to do the snatch. Here is where we are in a
    position to get creative and resolve on a pre-workout technique to get the
    work done as quick as attainable. "In the lengthy run, for strength and physique balance, you'll wish to grasp and dominate both of those moves," Samuel says.


    Your huge again muscle tissue (lats, rhomboids, and traps) also play a major function, as
    you stabilize the backbone through the movement.

    In CrossFit competitions, the squat snatch must be performed with the
    barbell lifted from the ground to overhead in one motion. The athlete must reach full lockout with the barbell overhead and present control earlier
    than reducing the bar. If you’re shifting nicely, add weight via the final 10 minutes, but the aim is to haven't any missed lifts.

    D. Straighten legs whereas pulling the barbell up along the front of the physique with
    straight arms.
    Well, as fitness whores and not technique snobs, this implies we ought to
    always discover non-traditional techniques for high-rep workouts.
    G. Stand up earlier than returning the load again to the starting position. F.
    Proceed to press the burden upward until arm is totally
    straight and locked out over proper shoulder. C. Grip the bell with an overhand grip, then shift hips up toward the ceiling so that chest is over the weight.

    What ends up occurring, if the athlete has the mobility, the bar will go precisely where it
    must be when they press and go overhead. If you'll do multiple reps and keep your grip the whole time,
    learn to loosen your grip at completely different points
    of the motion to save tons of your grip power.
    Instead of just hook-gripping it and squeezing it the entire time, take into consideration pure
    points to loosen up the grip. You can back off on your grip when the bar is overhead as you stand to extension and as you bring the
    weight again down. If you rest the bar at the grasp place, that’s another
    area to ease up the tension.
    The big factor is teaching athletes to know the change of course, coordinating the finish into the
    catch. Some coaches spend ten to fifteen minutes doing this.

    A third approach to set up the grip, especially with giant teams of athletes, is to just tell them to
    put their ring fingers on the rings after which
    adjust from there. Alter the pace of your reps to emphasize totally different phases of the lift.
    For instance, a tempo means 4 seconds down, no pause, and 1 second
    up. By alternating between energy, power, and method drills, this program guarantees to invigorate your squat game.

    As Quickly As you're a grasp snatcher and ready to try out the cut up snatch, watch this CrossFit cut up
    snatch video.
    For instance, 3 units where weights improve and then decrease.
    This can confuse the muscles, spurring growth and strength.
    E) When the bell passes chest top, drop underneath the load
    to land in a quarter squat, elbow utterly locked
    out. A) Begin with the loaded barbell on the ground with bar over
    ft. Toes ought to be about hip-width apart, toes slightly turned out.
    If your objective is glute, hamstring, and again gains, the deadlift ought to take the
    highest spot. Yes, the squat utilizes these muscle teams too, but the deadlift places more of an emphasis through
    the posterior chain than the squat does.
    The barbell snatch is likely one of the most technically complicated weight-training actions and one of the two lifts in Olympic weightlifting competitions.
    The squat snatch is good for maximizing the hundreds
    handled. Many track-and-field and ball-sports
    athletes practice the facility snatch and energy clear completely
    to give attention to the pulling phases without as much concern for the receiving part.
    Historically, the snatch has been used in very low-repetition units.
    CrossFit, although, has seen nice profit from high-repetition snatch (and clean) units.

    Upon concluding his illustrious profession, Oleksiy dedicated himself to coaching.
    By 2022, he had performed over 200 weightlifting seminars worldwide.
    E) When the bell passes chest peak and your proper elbow is pointed straight
    towards the ceiling, rotate hand so palm/inner wrist
    faces forward, punching the weight in the direction of the
    ceiling. Catch the bell so that it is resting along right
    forearm. D) Concurrently pull the bell straight up alongside
    your physique whereas explosively opening hips and knees
    to stand.
    In exercises which have gentle snatches (relative to strength), it might be
    finest to make use of muscle snatches. In the muscle snatch you continue to
    create speed on the bar, however as an alternative of re-dipping as you
    would in an influence or squat snatch, your knees and hips do not shut once more after extension.
    The muscle snatch requires more upper-body energy and is usually done as a skill-transfer exercise for weightlifters.
    The other key aspect of high-rep muscle snatches is rarely shifting your
    ft away from their beginning place, normally hip width.

    If you aren’t going to put on lifting sneakers, you've different options.

    Chuck Taylors are a favourite of many CrossFitters, and a few trail-running shoes with
    more durable soles (like Salomons) also provide a good choice
    for a workout that entails running and snatching. If you may have a small window of time
    in the fitness center however you wish to get higher at each exercises, prioritize the squat.
    The squat trains the identical muscular tissues you use
    within the deadlift, however through a higher vary of motion, based on Samuel.

    This method can really be very fast in execution,
    and also you save vitality by eradicating the eccentric phase of the raise (bringing the load down).
    If you plan on doing a high-rep snatch exercise
    and you'll drop every rep, consider which bumper plates you use (if you've options).

    Colored Kraiburg plates have rather more bounce than Hi-Temp bumpers (the
    recycled rubber ones), and you don’t need to
    worry about chasing the bar around. Strong metallic plates would have the least bounce, however I don’t really helpful using them.

    F) End the motion by straightening knees and
    hips fully earlier than initiating another repetition. "Anybody who is prepared to put within the work to study the snatch can reap the mobility and power advantages of the second," he says.
    Arguably probably the most technical movement in CrossFit,
    the snatch requires a little finesse to tug (pun absolutely intended!) off.

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