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Alergiu môžeme zdediť. Spúšťačom môže byť aj nezdravý životný štýl

Napísal Viktória Hudáková 11. marec 2024

Hoci by sa nám mal príchod jari spájať s kvitnúcimi kvetmi, štebotaním vtákov, teplejším počasím a dlhšími dňami, mnohým sa spája so zaslzenými očami, plným nosom, nádchou či kašľom. S teplým počasím a prebúdzaním prírody sa totiž prebúdzajú aj alergie, ktoré sú každým rokom čoraz častejšie.

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Ich počet podľa imunoalergologičky MUDr. Veroniky Mundokovej Csibovej každým rokom narastá.

POČET ALERGIKOV STÚPA

Alergia je prirodzená reakcia organizmu, kedy imunita identifikuje alergén ako hrozbu a reaguje naň, čo vedie k rôznym symptómom ako je nádcha, zatekanie hlienov, výtok z nosa, opuch nosnej sliznice, svrbenie, opuch očí, kašeľ, dušnosť, pískanie na hrudníku, ekzémy či kožný výsev. Podľa MUDr. Veroniky Mundokovej Csibovej počet diagnostikovaných alergikov s takýmito reakciami každý rok stúpa. Najčastejšie sa podľa nej vyskytujú inhalačné alergie, najmä na pele stromov, tráv, burín, alergie na roztoče či plesne. Nárast alergikov potvrdzuje aj Národné centrum zdravotníckych informácií, ktoré v roku 2022 evidovalo o 7,3 % viac návštev ambulancií imunológie a alergológie. Podľa najaktuálnejších dát bolo najviac sledovaných pacientov vo veku 6 až 18 rokov, následne 1 až 5 rokov a najmenej sledovanými boli ľudia starší ako 19 rokov. Medziročne však najviac narástol počet pacientov, respektíve detí vo veku do 1 roka. „V poslednej dobe stúpa aj počet reakcií na jed hmyzu a rôzne lieky,“ upozorňuje imunoalergologička laboratória synlab slovakia.

ZA ALERGIAMI STOJÍ GENETIKA AJ ŽIVOTNÝ ŠTÝL

S alergiou sa môžeme narodiť, no môžeme si ju aj privodiť. Všeobecne platí, že ak je jeden z rodičov alergik, je 25 % pravdepodobnosť rozvoja alergie u dieťaťa. Ak sú alergickí obaja rodičia, pravdepodobnosť sa zvyšuje na 50 %. Hoci každý z nás zdedí istú genetickú predispozíciu, alergiu si vieme aj privodiť. Za ich rozvojom totiž často stojí stres, nedostatok spánku, nedostatočná fyzická aktivita, nadmerná konzumácia alkoholu, fajčenie, nesprávne stravovanie, deficit vitamínov, stopových prvkov, časté infekcie, ale aj užívanie niektorých liekov. Rovnako ako pri rôznych iných chorobách, aj v tomto prípade nám nezdravý životný štýl môže privodiť množstvo zdravotných komplikácií.

NAJČASTEJŠIE SÚ INHALAČNÉ ALERGIE

Podľa MUDr. Veroniky Mundokovej Csibovej sú pacienti alergickí najmä na pele stromov – brezy, jelše, liesky, na trávy a buriny, hlavne na ambróziu a palinu. Zároveň však dodáva, že častá je aj alergia na roztoče. „Ak má pacient alergiu na roztoče, mal by vetrať častejšie, používať čističku vzduchu, pravidelne upratovať. Vhodné sú vysávače so špeciálnym filtrom, častejšie vymieňanie posteľných obliečok či špeciálnu bielizeň na posteľ, ktoré neprepúšťa roztoče. Podľa možností odstrániť koberce a závesy. Alergické deti by nemali mať plyšové hračky,“ upozorňuje odborníčka laboratória synlab slovakia.

Príznaky inhalačných alergií sú podobné prechladnutiu. Pacient má číry výtok z nosa, opuchnutú nosnú sliznicu, kašeľ, hlieny, dokonca i zvýšenú teplotu. Odlíšiť sa však dajú dĺžkou trvania. „V prípade prechladnutia trvajú príznaky približne týždeň. V prípade alergie ťažkosti trvajú dlhšie a majú časovú súvislosť s peľovým obdobím, kontaktom so zvieratami alebo prachom,“ vysvetľuje imunoalergologička.

POTRAVINOVÁ ALERGIA VS. POTRAVINOVÁ INTOLERANCIA

Bolesti brucha, nafukovanie, plynatosť či akné. Všetko patrí medzi príznaky potravinovej alergie i intolerancie. Aj keď sa nám môže zdať, že sme na potravinu alergickí, nemusí to byť tak. Možné je, že máme intoleranciu. „Alergia je reakcia imunitného systému sprostredkovaná protilátkami na niektorý alergén. Na to, aby sme zareagovali alergickou reakciou často stačí konzumovať malé množstvo danej potraviny. Reakcia sa vo väčšine prípade objaví rýchlo, v priebehu niekoľkých minút, maximálne hodín. Potravinové intolerancie sú ochorením tráviaceho traktu. Do tejto skupiny patria napríklad enzýmové poruchy, ktoré sú dôsledkom nedostatočnej tvorby niektorých tráviacich enzýmov, ako napr. laktózová intolerancia alebo histamínová intolerancia. Klinické príznaky sa objavia neskôr po konzumácii danej potraviny, niekedy za niekoľko hodín, alebo až dní,“ vysvetľuje MUDr. Veronika Mundoková Csibová a dodáva, že počet pacientov s potravinovou alergiou a intoleranciou je približne rovnaký. Podľa nej sú ľudia najviac alergickí na mlieko, vajíčka, orechy, ryby či morské plody. Zo zeleniny na paradajku, mrkvu, zeler a z ovocia na citrusy, jahody a jablko. Z intolerancií je najčastejšia histamínová intolerancia.

ALERGIE SA MÔŽETE ZBAVIŤ ZA 5 ROKOV

Základom pri liečbe alergií je symptomatická liečba, ktorá pozostáva z potláčania klinických príznakov. Najčastejšie ide o antihistaminiká, ktoré potláčajú alergiu blokovaním histamínu, teda látky, ktorá sa uvoľňuje pri alergickej reakcii. Zvyčajne sa podáva v tabletkovej forme, no existujú aj vo forme kvapiek či sprejov do nosa. Pri ťažkých alergiách liečba pozostáva z podávania kortikoidov. „Dôležitú úlohu má aj alergénová imunoterapia, alebo desenzibilizácia. Pomocou tejto liečby nepotláčame symptómy, ale liečime príčinu alergie,“ zdôrazňuje imunoalergologička a zároveň približuje, že  alergénová imunoterapia sa podáva 5 až 7 rokov. Symptomatická liečba je celoživotná.

Na nastavenie správnej liečby je však dôležitá dôkladná a včasná diagnostika. Pri alergiách sa odporúča kožný test, ale aj rozsiahly krvný test, ktorý môže odhaliť potravinové a inhalačné alergie, no rovnako aj alergiu na bodnutie hmyzom.

RADY NAD ZLATO

Liečba alergií je nevyhnutná, pretože jej dlhodobé zanedbávanie môže spôsobiť rozvoj bronchiálnej astmy, nosných polypov a v prípade potravinových alergií a intolerancií môže zvýšiť riziko rozvoja inej intolerancie či alergií na ďalšie potraviny. Okrem liečby je však potrebné aj disciplinované správanie sa a minimalizovanie sprievodných príznakov alergie. Alergikom sa tak najmä počas peľovej sezóny odporúča[1]:

-              vyhýbať sa lúkam, lesom a všeobecne miestam, kde kvitnú peľové alergény,

-              použité oblečenie každý deň prať a použitú obuv si vyčistiť vlhkou handrou,

-              často vymieňať posteľnú bielizeň a po vypratí ju sušiť výlučne vo vnútri,

-              umývať si vlasy každý večer,

-              na prechádzky chodiť skoro ráno, neskoro večer a po daždi,

-              pravidelne vymieňať peľový filter v aute a počas jazdy zapnúť klimatizáciu.

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    Every variation adjustments the train to focus on a special part of the physique.
    This is a standard mistake when athletes are bench urgent too much weight.
    Throughout a dumbbell bench press, the weights should stay above the athlete’s chest
    and move straight up and down. Using an excessive quantity of weight can stop an athlete
    from using typical dumbbell bench press kind, but it may also be harmful.

    Since the incline bench press continues to be a demanding exercise, it’s ideal
    to perform it close to the beginning of the workout.

    For most compound actions, a great amount of time to rest between units is anyplace
    from 2-3 minutes, relying on how heavy you’re lifting. The
    broad grip barbell bench press shifts emphasis to your pectoralis major, specifically the decrease, middle and outer area of your
    pec main.
    These three form cues will assist you to to carry more weight, develop a stronger bench press, and build bigger pectorals utilizing
    your dumbbells. Drive your toes into the bottom for the whole
    period of the dumbbell press. This supplies the majority of the steadiness required to bench
    press heavy dumbbells. I have a question concerning the flat bench press vs a bench press with dumbells.
    The stability ball bench press increases core and rotator cuff
    activation. You’ll need to focus on keeping each
    the weights and your physique steady. Keep one weight down on your chest and press the opposite weight as much as arms’ size.

    The pectoralis main is a big muscle that covers the chest from the clavicle, the whole size of the sternum and the
    cartliages of the first six ribs close to the
    sternum. The fibers converge and connect to the humerus virtually in the same place as the
    deltoid. In the shoulder girdle, the pectoralis minor and serratus anterior
    are the major muscles concerned. The pectoralis
    minor is a small muscle located on the higher chest and is roofed by the
    pectoralis major. The serratus anterior lies on the outer floor of the ribs on the sides (just under the armpits) and is covered by
    the scapula at the rear and the pectoralis main in entrance.
    In the elbow joint, the triceps brachii, a large muscle which covers the whole
    again facet of the arm, is the only main muscle involved.

    It has three sections, the lateral head on the outer surface
    on the again of the higher arm, the medial head on the inside aspect of the
    again of the upper arm, and the lengthy head within the rear
    of the higher arm.
    You can do a one rep max with barbell bench press
    (as you presumably can with barbell squats, deadlifts, and OHP).

    Total, if you need a muscular higher
    body, the bench press is a should. The bench press is like 1/3 the battle
    for higher body hypertrophy. This makes it an extremely efficient train, as most massive compound workout routines are.
    If you might have extra questions about the flat, incline, and decline bench press, drop a comment beneath or attain out through Instagram (@jake_boly or @that_fit_friend).
    If your objectives revolve around constructing well-rounded urgent energy and pec mass, then it’s a good idea
    to follow and make the most of all three of these variations.

    Whether your aim is to build muscle, improve energy, or improve general
    upper-body performance, the flat dumbbell press is an invaluable addition to your coaching routine.
    By progressively growing the load, the flat bench press stimulates
    hypertrophy, leading to muscle development. It’s
    a key train for anybody aiming to construct an even bigger and
    stronger chest. Sure you want to mix in both dumbbell press and barbell
    bench press. This will help improve your strength total and be succesful of break via plateaus when wanted.
    Now when you solely have dumbbells it is fine to stick with them until you attain a plateau then change it up and work in those barbell
    presses.
    Lifters interact the delts at totally different angles throughout the raise to enhance energy.
    While the pectorals deal with the lion’s share of the work,
    lifters depend on the triceps to offer stability
    all through the raise and to complete the lockout.
    With dumbbells, it’s attainable to change the grip, which
    engages the triceps more to reinforce definition. The anterior deltoids are
    situated on the front facet of your shoulder. They work with the pectoralis main to flex and
    rotate your shoulders.
    An Incline barbell bench press will be at an angle of about
    30-45˚. With incline bench press, you are capable
    of do completely different variations of grip, identical to you presumably can a flat bench, but we'll
    just go over what the overall function of the incline bench is.

    Beneath are 10 barbell bench press variations plus another strategies you
    must use to increase your energy. After we undergo the barbell bench presses,
    we are going to look at some dumbbell bench press variations.

    Here are 5 widespread the cause why you might discover it tough to do the bench press using dumbbells, and why
    your weight standards are below common. The weight
    standards on this submit will help you decide what is a respectable weight to be lifting based mostly in your gender,
    physique weight, and coaching experience. 1– Lie on the floor along with your legs bent, ft
    flat on the floor. This exercise could be carried out using a flat, incline, or decline bench as most well-liked.
    A good stretch on the bottom of each rep
    makes this exercise tougher and more productive.
    Control the tempo of the movement (e.g., three seconds to decrease, 1 second to press up)
    to increase time underneath pressure. When lifting heavy,
    at all times use a spotter or security pins on the
    bench rack for added security. No matter which one you do, make certain to
    good the form earlier than stacking on the load. Skilled coaches advocate for 7-9 hours of sleep
    for athletes to ensure recovery and enchancment in pressing workouts.

    As A Substitute of overlifting, scale back the
    burden you're lifting until you possibly can full the train without any bouncing.

    Choosing a weight that's too heavy usually leads
    to different common mistakes, which can undercut your efforts or lead to harm.
    If you start with the proper weight for you, you'll
    be less likely to encounter the other points mentioned beneath.

    She was born in Colorado, raised in northern Michigan, and at present resides
    in Pennsylvania. Heather's main goal is to assist
    others obtain their well being and fitness goals via training,
    motivation, and inspiration. If you're competing in powerlifting,
    it’s a good idea to practice the bench press, squat, and deadlift on the identical day
    as a result of that’s what you will do on meet day.
    It is important to have a powerful foundation when completing a dumbbell bench press.
    The proper form will maximize your strength when pressing the load away from you.
    If you fail to make use of an applicable kind, your features from the dumbbell bench press shall be restricted.
    In conclusion, the Flat Dumbbell Bench Press is a versatile
    and effective train for growing strength and muscle mass within the higher body.
    Correct kind, respiration, and weight selection are crucial for maximizing the advantages and minimizing the
    chance of harm.
    With that mentioned, you’re sometimes stronger on the flat bench press than on an incline bench press.
    Not to say, a flat bench press is doubtless one of the three
    workouts that are used in various competitions, such as powerlifting and strongman,
    to assess most energy. The major difference
    between a flat bench press and an incline bench press is that the incline bench press targets the upper chest and front deltoid to a larger extent.

    The flat bench press targets the higher, middle, and lower
    chest extra evenly, making it better for general chest improvement.
    The dumbbell press permits for a versatile approach, targeting stabilizer muscle tissue,
    providing unilateral training, and promoting muscle symmetry.

    For probably the most part, these muscles
    shall be activated through isometric contraction,
    which suggests they will all get stronger when performing bench press.

    One Other wonderful thing about barbell bench press is you presumably can increase in smaller increments.

    You might add as little as 1.25lbs to every side, which is essentially 1.25lbs per side.

    With dumbbells, the smallest increment shall be 5lbs whenever you get
    to the heavier sizes. The barbell bench press is nice because
    it allows you to carry the heaviest load potential.
    Plant your feet firmly on the floor and brace your abs onerous
    to keep your physique tight. Nonetheless, regardless of its popularity,
    the barbell bench press is not with out disadvantages.
    Lifting a bar with each hands means it’s all too easy
    to press more with one arm than the other, and a failed rep could leave you badly injured.
    Due to the angle of your physique, incline presses are significantly
    more durable to do then flat presses. This means you’ll likely not have the flexibility to raise as a lot
    weight in an inclined position. Flat dumbbell presses
    are performed mendacity face-up in your back with your physique parallel to the ground.
    But, before we present you the dumbbell bench press workout routines,
    we want to make notice of the key differences with using dumbbells.


    Your chest or the pectoral area consists of four muscles- pectoralis main, pectoralis minor,
    subclavius, and serratus anterior. These muscular tissues are answerable for rotating
    and flexing the upper limb and sustaining its vary of motion and adaptability.

    I really have seen folks that bench press 300+ lbs but can't even get up 100lb dumbbells throughout their
    press. If you might be only doing dumbbell presses
    you should definitely combine in bench press at some point and nonetheless do your dumbbell
    presses. There isn't any exact conversion for dumbbells to barbell bench press nonetheless you will get a somewhat tough
    number to begin with and it could be fun to try and predict
    your max just start gentle to be safe. Learn further as we focus
    on the method to make extreme features on your bench press coming
    from dumbbell presses. Maintain the dumbbells with a parallel grip,
    palms dealing with forward.three.
    Over time you will discover a cheerful medium between undertraining and overtraining/overreaching.
    If you're feeling you would be doing extra, then add another
    day of bench press to your routine. Use deload weeks well and frequently (i.e.
    each 4-8 weeks) and you shouldn’t have any issue with doing bench
    press twice a week (if your routine requires it). This is as a outcome of not everyone’s our bodies and joints are structured the same.

    This applies to each maximizing energy and preserving your joints
    free of harm. Pause reps are used to implement isometric training into your lifts.
    Mainly you just pause for a pair or several seconds at the center range or simply
    before it reaches your chest then proceed as normal.
    Right Here is the diagram from earlier once more, but this time with anterior deltoid muscle exercise added.
    Make sure the path of the bar isn't too low—over the mouth and neck
    region—when racking or unracking. Transfer the burden to and from the rack together with your arms
    prolonged, not low across the neck and face. Once you've
    finished your required reps, place the bar on the rack.


    However sooner or later you could hit a plateau that is when you wish to switch it up and perhaps begin with dumbbell flat
    presses then maybe do barbell incline press and decline press.
    Each the incline dumbbell press and the flat bench press are efficient exercises for building a powerful,
    muscular chest. By understanding the benefits
    and disadvantages of each exercise, you possibly can select the
    one that best aligns with your individual objectives and skills.
    The incline dumbbell press is designed to extend chest energy and size,
    so it is typically included in a well-rounded, intermediate power
    training program. If you cut up up your weekly workouts by body part,
    embody this chest exercise on your higher body or chest
    day, after workout routines like pushups or the flat bench press.
    The flat bench press is a cornerstone exercise in weight training and bodybuilding, famend for building higher body strength and
    muscle mass.
    Be that as it could, you may be following a program that solely has you hitting
    bench press as soon as a week and in addition overhead press once every week.
    You may be at a extra advanced stage the place you need extra time
    for restoration between sessions, so training bench press once
    per week is greatest. Overall, the identical is true for alternating dumbbell
    chest presses as properly. Keeping your legs up like it will considerably improve the demand in your core stability, which in flip allows
    for higher levels of energy. That mentioned, because you can’t drive drive out of your toes, you won’t
    be able to lift as a lot.
    Remember, your progress is earned rep by rep, so press on with confidence and dedication.
    Each are appropriate for novices, however dumbbell presses might offer a larger vary of
    motion and help in balancing power between arms. The incline dumbbell press
    could be modified in varied methods or made more challenging to swimsuit particular person needs
    and fitness goals. The elbow tuck is an essential kind cue that can help to
    blow up your bench press, whether or not you’re lifting dumbbells or a barbell.

    Your arms must be absolutely extended, and the dumbbells
    should be over your chest. The Flat Dumbbell Bench
    Press is a flexible exercise that can be tailor-made
    to your health journey, whether or not you’re seeking
    to construct muscle, improve energy, or improve endurance.
    To maximize the effectiveness of this exercise, it’s crucial
    to determine a exercise regimen that aligns with your specific goals.
    While having a spotter provides an additional layer of safety,
    you'll be able to still carry out the flat bench press with out one by utilizing security bars
    or a Smith machine, which provide built-in safety
    mechanisms. Yes, warming up is essential to arrange your muscular tissues and joints
    for the exercise. Perform dynamic stretches and lightweight units earlier than beginning your working units.

    Talking of partial reps...partial reps could be accomplished with a bench too, to
    work on particular segments of the bench press.

    With that, significantly heavier masses can be utilized,
    since it’s the bottom range of movement that is the harder when it comes to bench
    press. While the usual bench press lowers the bar down to
    nipple stage, you'll be able to play around with totally different lowering targets.

    One variation is to lower the bar right down to the neck
    on a flat bench. These stabilizer muscles assist to decelerate the bar and limit inefficient
    motion mechanics.

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