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Sliezsky Manchester, český brokát aj Moravská gobelínka

Napísal CzechTourism 19. január 2024

Klobúky Hückel, hodvábne kravaty Schiel, gobelíny alebo nádherne zdobené brokáty z Jeseníkov poznal celý svet. Pozná ich vlastne aj dnes, len pod inými názvami – aj vám určite niečo hovoria mená spoločností Tonak alebo Hedva Český Brokát.

Vydajte sa s nami po stopách zlatej éry českého textilu

Moravský Manchester

Poznáte výraz rakúsky alebo moravský Manchester? V 19. storočí sa tak hovorilo  Brnu, ktoré vtedy objemom textilnej výroby, množstvom podnikov a exportnými možnosťami patrilo k najpriemyselnejším centrám rakúskej monarchie. Rýchlym tempom rozvoja vlnárskeho priemyslu pripomínalo britský Manchester, mesto, ktoré tiež prežilo svoj najväčší rozvoj v období priemyselnej revolúcie v 19. storočí. Opozitom fabrík, industriálnych štvrtí a robotníckych kolónií boli luxusné vily rodín majiteľov textilných tovární. K najznámejším patrí slávna vila Tugendhat, pamiatka UNESCO, vila Löw-Beer či vila vila Stiassni.

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 Foto: Brno, Spilberk, Brněnsko z.s.

Sliezsky Manchester

Tak sa zasa zvyklo zasa hovorievať trojici miest Rýmařov, Krnov a  Bruntál v podhorí Jeseníkov. O ich slávu a rozmach sa postarala nenápadná modrá rastlinka - ľan. Ľanové výrobky boli trvanlivé a lacné, výroba plátna patrila k tradičným miestnym remeslám a z ľanu sa vyrábalo takmer všetko, od šiat, šatiek, bielizne, vriec až po plachty na furmanské vozy či povrazy.
V roku 1746 majiteľ janovického panstva, gróf Ferdinand Bonaventura Harrach, založil v Rýmařove preslávenú manufaktúru na výrobu plátna, ktorá sa stala najvýznamnejším podnikom svojho druhu na Morave i v celej rakúskej monarchii. Harrachovci na Rýmařovsko pozvali tkáča zo Šluknovska a nechali ho pre nich postaviť niekoľko nových dedín a kolónií: tak vznikli v roku 1748 Harrachov alebo Ferdinandov, pomenovaný po samotnom grófovi. Po jeho manželke Růžene Harrachovej dostala meno osada Růžová, založená blízko Janušova v roku 1757, ako posledná vznikla kolónia Nové Pole. Každá rodina dostala na užívanie domček, postavený na náklady vrchnosti, tkáči si ich kúpili na dlhodobý úver.

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Foto: Bruntál, zámok, Euroregion Praděd

Harrachovská manufaktúra a textilné tradície Krnova

Tovar z janovickej manufaktúry bol enormne žiadaný, v ďalších desaťročiach mala až 800 stavov. V okolí postupne vznikali ďalšie malé dielne, ktoré sa počas 19. storočia postupne menili na mechanické tkáčovne. Podnikatelia si Rýmařovsko vyberali na zakladanie nových fabrík zámerne, v meste ani v jeho okolí totiž nebol žiadny priemyselný podnik a boli tu veľmi lacné pracovné sily s bohatou tkáčskou tradíciou.
Svoj podnik tu založil aj Flemmichovci, jeden zo starých krnovských rodov. Ich tkáčovňa síce vyrábala hodváb v  Rýmařove, ale ústredňu mala vo Viedni. Tam boli úpravne, farbiarne aj ateliéry, z Viedne sa tiež riadil nákup surovín aj predaj hotového tovaru. Flemmichovci vyrábali liturgické textílie, kravatové látky, padákový hodváb, listové šatovky aj šatky, a v 80. rokoch 19. storočia zamestnávali vyše 600 pracovníkov.
Aj dnes môžete v Krnove navštíviť pôvabnú Flemmichovu vilu, ktorú si v rokoch 1914 až 1917 nechal postaviť ako rodinné sídlo textilný továrnik Theodor Flemmich. Vilu využíva Mestské múzeum na organizovanie dlhodobých i krátkodobých výstav, často zameraných práve na textilnú tvorbu a tradície.

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 Foto: Hedva Český brokát, Moravian Sailesian Tourism

Rýmařov a český brokát

Takzvaná Technotrasa prepája miesta, na ktorých vás čakajú nezabudnuteľné zážitky pripomínajúce technickú a remeselnú vyspelosť severnej Moravy a Sliezska. Jednou z ich zastávok je expozícia textilky Hedva Český Brokát, ktorú pripravilo  Mestské múzeum v Rýmařove. V bývalej továrenskej hale uvidíte rôzne tkáčske stroje, výsledky práce tkáčov vrátane brokátových ornátov pre kňazov a tiež skutočný skvost – unikátnu kravatu z 20. rokov 20. storočia. Zážitok ponúka aj špeciálne prehliadky, pri ktorých nahliadnete priamo do výroby.
Tá súčasná je, samozrejme, rýdzo moderná, avšak príbeh výroby hodvábu, brokátu a kravát, ktoré poznal naozaj celý svet, začal na Rýmařovsku v roku 1890. Vtedy tu bratia Schielovci z Moravskej Třebovej založili továreň na hodvábne tkaniny. V čase najväčšej konjunktúry zamestnávala Schiel 2 200 ľudí na 1 100 stavoch rôznych typov a šírok. Vyrábali sa najmä látky na kravaty, šnurovačky, prešívané prikrývky, sedliacke šatky a šatovky, vo vojnových rokoch sa firma sústredila na výrobu hodvábu na padáky.
Firma úspešne prežila aj znárodnenie a totalitný režim, v roku 2014 vznikla odštiepením závodu 06 Rýmařov od Hedvy Moravská Třebová samostatná firma Hedva Český Brokát. Jej hlavným výrobným sortimentom zostali predovšetkým brokáty a tkaniny s bohatým vzorom. Používajú sa na šitie národných krojov, výrobu cirkevných ornátov, na tapety aj čalúnenie. Vyrábajú sa tu aj brokáty historické, vznikajú ako repliky podľa zachovaných historických textílií a šijú sa z nich historické kostýmy pre divadlo a film.

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 Foto: Hedva Brokát, Adolf Horsinka

Valašské Meziříčí a Moravská gobelínová manufaktúra

Rovnako skvelú povesť ako brokáty z Rýmařova majú aj výrobky Moravskej gobelínovej manufaktúry z Valašského Meziříčí. V roku 1898 ju založil akademický maliar Rudolf Schlatauer. S gobelínmi sa stretával na cestách po severských krajinách a rozhodol sa túto techniku ​​priviesť aj na  Valašsko, región preslávený dávnymi tkáčskymi tradíciami. Okrem reštaurovania historických tapisérií a výroby nových gobelínov a kobercov podľa moderných výtvarných predlôh tu dokonca na unikátnom desaťmetrovom ručnom tkáčskom stave vznikajú obrie divadelné opony, napríklad pre Novú scénu  Národného divadla v Prahe. Na prehliadke v gobelínke sa zoznámite s textilnou technikou, ktorá sa za posledných dvetisíc rokov takmer nezmenila, množstvo vecí si tu dokonca môžete aj osobne vyskúšať. Uvidíte historické stroje, pozriete sa na dobové filmy o dielňach a remeslách na Valašsku, občerstvíte sa v štýlovej kaviarni a prezriete si galériu moderných a historických tapisérií. Gobelínka ponúka aj kurzy na výrobu vlastného koberca.

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 Foto: Moravská gobelínka, Marian Jaslovský

Nový Jičín, Tonak a Churchill

Nekonečný príbeh pokrývok hláv rozmanitých farieb a strihov píše už niekoľko generácií novojičínsky  Tonak– TOváreň NA Klobúky. Áno, skutočne je to takto jednoduché: TONAK je skratka podniku, ktorý v  Novom Jičíne založil Ján Nepomuk Hückel už v roku 1799. Tradícia klobučníckeho remesla na Novojičínsku je ale oveľa staršia, klobúky sa tu vyrábali už v 17. storočí. V meste na vás čakajú dve celoročne otvorené atraktívne klobučnícke expozície. V návštevníckom centre vám prezradia, ako sa klobúky vyrábajú. Pútavou a zábavnou formou sa zoznámite s jednotlivými fázami pozoruhodného procesu ich výroby a po absolvovaní interaktívnej prehliadky môžete pokračovať do expozície klobúkov na miestnom zámku. Medzi vzácnymi artefaktmi objavíte napríklad pokrývku hlavy následníka rakúskeho trónu Ferdinanda d’Este, zavraždeného v Sarajeve, alebo klobúk prvého československého prezidenta T. G. Masaryka. Nie je tajomstvom, že v Novom Jičíne vyrobili aj klobúk pre britského premiéra Churchilla – napokon novojičínske klobúky nosí celý svet!

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 Foto: Jiří Danzinger

Obľúbili ste si modrotlač?

Tradičná technika je dokonca  pod ochranou UNESCO ako nehmotné dedičstvo niekoľkých stredoeurópskych krajín vrátane Českej republiky. Ak by ste radi výrobu modrotlače videli na vlastné oči, môžete na južnej Morave navštíviť dve rodinné modrotlačové dielne - modrotlačovú dielňu rodiny Danzingerovej v Olešnici  alebo dielňu  Arimo v Strážnici. Obe dielne organizujú prehliadky spojené s ukážkou výroby jedinečnej modrotlače, ku ktorej máme vrúcny vzťah i u nás na Slovensku.

Viac tipov a informácií o svetoznámych českých značkách nájdete na kudyznudy.cz

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  • Komentár Callie %PM, %14 %727 %2025 %16:%mar napísal Callie

    Weak Point or dysfunction in these muscles may find yourself in rounded shoulders, forward head posture,
    and exaggerated curvature of the upper spine," Gallucci explains. Strengthening your rhomboids, on the opposite hand, may help improve posture, especially in your higher back, neck, and head, he says. This variation focuses on one arm at a time which helps isolate each side of the body evenly.
    Doing so ensures that every single rep gets the utmost profit and reaches its fullest potential vary attainable, with the proper technique being utilized always for optimal outcomes. Nonetheless, this exercise ought to be used cautiously because of its potential for overloading the shoulder joint if done incorrectly or with too much weight. Moreover, it can be used as an excellent accent exercise to complement different compound lifts corresponding to bench presses or overhead presses. Pause for a second on the top earlier than slowly reducing them back right down to starting position.
    The major muscle tissue labored by the seated cable row are your wings—otherwise known as your lats. This fan-shaped muscle sits on your mid-back and if developed sufficient, gives you the V-taper that each dude desires. With a beefy back, your V-taper will be more outstanding, and that will in flip make your waist look smaller and your chest bigger. The seated cable row is a back train in which you sit upright and pull a weight toward your torso. Growing the muscles of the shoulders by using the seated cable row can help you achieve power in throwing objects. This is helpful for people who compete in sports activities that contain throwing but may also be helpful for on a regular basis activities. The typical seated row is reminiscent of the movement of rowing a boat, as the pure movements of boat rowing strengthen muscular tissues within the arms and again.
    When you’re hunched over, sitting at a desk for hours on end or rounding your back and neck to look down at your telephone, your posture can decline whereas your again pain will increase. The seated cable row is an effective compound train for serving to you to construct a a lot bigger and stronger back and improve your posture. This exercise is best carried out after your heavier multi-joint compound back workouts corresponding to pull-ups, barbell bent-over rows, deadlifts, and so forth. That’s as a outcome of the aforementioned workout routines require probably the most energy and power initially of your periods. So that is similar to the cable standing row except for the truth that you’ll lower the cable pulley to a low point on the machine. This will let you carry out the bent-over variation that’ll permit you to practice with the heaviest weight attainable.
    These workout routines will assist maximize muscle stimulation and guarantee well-rounded development of your sturdy latissimus dorsi muscle tissue. That truth, paired with the technical ease wanted to perform the train, is a reason it’s turn out to be a mainstay in so many exercise routines. In this guide, I’m going to teach you the way to do Seated Cable Rows together with essential teaching points, muscle tissue labored and a few various workouts. If you drive each side of your body to be engaged alone, they’ll have to tug their fair proportion every time.
    For those that perform upper/lower exercise splits, you’ll probably embody this exercise in your higher physique exercise days. Again, the place the train falls within the order of your workouts will rely in your targets and the other exercises you have listed to carry out. If you’d like to see extra upper body workouts concentrating on the chest, again and shoulders, ensure to take a glance at the Upper Physique Lifts part of our Train Library. There you’ll discover dozens of workouts, all with complete step-by-step directions. Initiate the movement by participating your back, but keep your higher arms parallel to the floor all through the motion. The handles of the grip should go around your face on the peak of the train.
    If the weight is so heavy that you just cannot undergo the total range of motion with good type, it is too heavy. Cut Back the load and ensure you get a full vary for this train. A good rule is to start with a lighter weight whereas focusing on type, then add extra weight once you know you're doing the train accurately. When you move your torso during this train, you rely too much on momentum to maneuver the weights. Hormones affected by train embody dopamine, serotonin, testosterone, and estrogen.
    Focus on pulling again from your elbows and upper arms, as this can allow you to to drag more along with your again muscles than along with your biceps. Accomplished with a large, overhand grip, the bent-over row additionally delivers a superb posterior deltoid and upper back workout. That stated, you will need to work hard to maintain the right place and avoid rounding your lumbar spine. Seize hold of either side of the handlebar attachment with an overhand grip and lean again barely, so there’s rigidity within the cable machine earlier than beginning each rep. This variation includes performing the train with one arm at a time, which increases the depth of the exercise by partaking more stabilizing muscle tissue.
    Flaring elbows will interact extra of the traps and upper back, often occurring when lifting too much weight. This article will detail the muscle tissue worked by the cable row, how to perform the motion with proper form, and a few of its main advantages. Relying on your peak, you might need to tweak your angle of pull to focus in your upper back musculature. Taller people ought to pull the bar to the underside of their rib cage to bias their traps, rhomboids, and rear deltoids. Latissimus dorsi, popularly often recognized as the lats, are the primary goal muscle of the seated cable row.
    The higher trapezius muscular tissues originate at the base of your skull, prolong down the neck, and connect to the collarbone. The major muscle teams that are activated during the Seated Cable Row are the posterior chain muscles. Here are a few workouts you may be able to use as a alternative. One of the signs of a weight that’s too heavy is leaning back excessively on the prime of the motion. Whereas likelihood is that your back will transfer a bit throughout the exercise, you need to minimize that as much as possible—otherwise, you risk straining your lower again. Strengthening not simply the lats but the again in general will also enhance your posture, giving you a taller and more assured look.
    This is an excellent approach to construct energy and muscle mass in your higher body. By understanding the anatomy of the rowing motion, you'll have the ability to higher perceive tips on how to interact your muscular tissues when performing rows. Whether Or Not you’re trying to build power or improve posture, rows are an effective method to work out your again muscles. With proper kind and approach, this exercise will help you attain your fitness objectives in no time. The seated row exercise on the machine is an efficient, yet, simple approach to strengthen the muscles of the higher back. Since the motion path is pre-determined, the primary focus could be positioned on feeling the contraction of the muscle tissue rather than the complicated motor movements concerned with other back workouts. As with all different rowing exercises, it's important that the movement is initiated by retracting the shoulder blades prior to bending the arms.
    The exercise will likely be the second or final row variation carried out and will leave you with a sick pump afterwards. The vary of movement and constant tension supplied by the cable pulley machine additionally allows you to get a fantastic pump – one other bonus of this unbelievable train. The seated cable row, together with its a number of variations, supplies a unbelievable method to get a ridiculously jacked back. The lat pulldown is likely one of the hottest back workout routines accomplished in the gym—and rightfully so. It has the added benefit of not hitting the biceps or triceps too hard, so you don’t have to fret about them gassing out before you actually hit your lats. And having extra management over the burden will let you go slower and more steadily.
    The cable row places the most emphasis on the middle and decrease fibers. An train such as an upright row or shrug taxes the upper fibers. When performed appropriately, straight-arm pulldowns will engage the pectoralis main muscle and different stabilizing muscle tissue of the shoulder girdle. However, straight arm pulldowns may be extra beneficial for creating power in the shoulder muscular tissues because of their wider vary of movement. Typically, each workout routines can effectively goal the lats when performed correctly with correct form. To perform this train, set up an adjustable cable machine or suspension coach at about hip top and connect both a wide grip handle attachment or two separate handles on either side.
    The two D-handles, as an example, permits for extra motion and vary of motion. Nevertheless, you must be patient while incorporating eccentric-focused training into your training. Stick to a rep tempo for at least a couple of weeks to get one of the best outcomes.
    The grip on the bar is wider than shoulder width, which might concentrate on understanding the trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscle tissue. When performing a seated row, the muscular tissues involved embrace the mirror muscle tissue in your arms and back. This consists of the biceps brachii, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and rhomboids, all musicals positioned in the again and arms. Like all workouts, use good proper seated row form to be safe and get the most effective exercise. Whether Or Not you’re using a seated row machine with handles or a cable row machine, the widespread Seated Row Mistakes are very comparable. It’s important to keep up proper type and hold the core engaged, back relaxed, and put most of the work into the arms.
    Usually, you carry out the seated cable row using a "cable row machine," although you can use any other cable pulley machine if there isn’t a cable row machine at your gym. Typically also called the "cable seated row,
    " this train successfully trains your whole back (yes, even your lats). Since you carry out it sitting upright, it locations much less stress in your spine, making it an excellent option for individuals with lower-back points. The seated cable row develops the muscles of the again and the forearms. It is a wonderful all-around compound exercise for creating the center back while offering helpful arm work as well. Since seated rows can be performed safely at house or in a health club, there are not any dangerous environmental or situational elements present required to do the train. The greatest danger concerned with seated rows is the risk of back damage due to improper type.
    As for sets and reps, we recommend 3-4 sets x 8-20 reps for most exercises, various the rep ranges relying on the goal of each workout. You should also take every set to failure to maximize features both in energy and hypertrophy. As mentioned above, it is nearly inconceivable to replicate the motion pattern of the machine excessive row; particularly with high hundreds. After you figure out what training session you will use the excessive row, you have a bit of freedom with how you utilize it. Machine rows are a bit different than different machines as it is common to use them with gentle masses OR heavy masses. In different words, you can use it to train your back for muscle hypertrophy or strength. Since you are seated and regular, the excessive row is a good exercise to use to "train around the pain".

    The chest supported row is a great train to target the main muscular tissues of the higher body
    while also participating your core and stabilizing muscles.
    Now let’s check out a variety of the benefits that come from performing
    this train often. Cable rows are a compound exercise that primarily works the again muscle tissue, such as the latissimus dorsi and rhomboids.


    This article will help you grasp the seated row and its variations
    whereas masking correct type, counts, major seated row types, seated row errors, and common injuries.
    Throughout the seated row, the primary movers are the lats and rhomboids.
    The trapezius and biceps help the motion by assisting the lats and rhomboids.
    If you wish to construct strength, grow muscle, or practice, choose the cable row variation that fits your fitness degree.
    It’s performed on a cable machine with the pulleys set on the lowest position.
    You need to keep away from extreme swinging and instead concentrate on the muscle connection. Jeff Cavaliere is
    a Bodily Therapist, Power Coach and creator of the ATHLEAN-X Training Packages and ATHLEAN-Rx Dietary Supplements.
    His packages produce "next level" achievements in muscle dimension, strength
    and performance for skilled athletes and anybody looking to build a
    muscular athletic physique. Completely, Seated Cable Rows are one
    of the most efficient workout routines for building a robust,
    well-developed again. Control the movement to keep up
    weight underneath tension on the muscular tissues all
    through the train. Weight trainers should prioritize lower weight with high quality reps instead of simply lifting heavier weights.

    No, the seated row just isn't harmful if done accurately with
    proper kind. The Seated Row and EMOM (or every-minute-on-the-minute)
    workout challenge you to complete a sure variety of
    seated row reps in lower than 60 seconds. For example, you possibly can challenge your self to complete 12 reps in less than 60 seconds properly.
    All you have to dominate the seated row without a machine is a
    resistance band. Maintaining proper kind is also a bit easier than in dumbbell, bent-over rows.

    Using a wide grip will drive you to use an overhand grip and pressure your elbows
    out.
    Nevertheless, reverse grip rows are predominantly a shoulder
    extension train. As mentioned above, the machine excessive row is
    usually performed while sitting, which has you pull the weight from a high angle down to
    your chest. By standing, you’re able to then target the lower again to add some selection for total again coaching.
    On the opposite hand, the machine back row can be used for power coaching.

    Due to the positioning of the machine and the motion of pulling, the machine excessive
    row allows a heavy load with little risk of injury to the joints.

    The chest pad will enable you to thrust your body into it to generate greater levels of
    force. Usually speaking, seated cable rows offer a greater range
    of motion than bars or dumbbells.

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