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Osobný priestor a rozdiely medzi pohlavím

Napísal femme 11. jún 2024

Prostredie, v ktorom žijeme vnímame a spoznávame svojimi zmyslami. Pre našich predkov boli zmysly – sluch, zrak, čuch a hmat,  základným predpokladom úspešného prežitia. Potraviny a jedlo dodnes hodnotíme čuchom, zrak nám slúži na predvídanie nebezpečenstva...

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... a rovnako si chránime svoj osobný priestor, do ktorého nie každého vpustíme. V prípade, že sa cítime v ohrození, dávame paže pred seba, aby sme si udržali odstup. Proxemika je názov odboru, ktorý sa zaoberá, aký odstup od seba ľudia udržiavajú pri komunikácii. Pomáha k praktickému užívaniu a porozumeniu neverbálnej komunikácie

Spoločenský, osobný a intímny priestor

Spôsob akou mierou udržiavame náš osobný priestoru odráža aj naše reakcie na fyzické prejavy. Na toto všetko má vplyv spoločenská a rodinná kultúra, v ktorej sme vyrástli. Správanie rodičov,  deti väčšinou preberajú do svojich vzorcov vystupovania v dospelosti. Je potvrdené, že jedináčikovia si svoj osobný priestor chránia o niečo viac než deti s niekoľkými súrodencami. 

Vo svojom osobnom priestore vítame ľudí, ktorí sú nám blízki a dôverujeme im.  Platí, že obyvatelia miest bývajú ochotnejší zdieľať osobný priestor než ľudia z vidieka. Preto snažme sa byť vnímaví k správaniu druhých a ich neverbálnym signálom.  

Neverbálna komunikácia medzi extrovertom a introvertom

Introverti si odstup udržujú tak, aby toho druhého človeka vždy videli od hlavy až po päty. Extroverti vyhľadávajú kontakty a nevadí im, ak im niekto zasahuje do osobného priestoru.

Ak sa zblíži extrovert a introvert, nie vždy chápu vzájomnú neverbálnu komunikáciu a môže nastať zaujímavá situácia. Extrovert prejavuje svoje zblíženie vstúpením do osobného priestoru  introverta. Introvert podvedome reaguje odstúpením, čo chápe extrovert ako pozvanie, v skutočnosti introvert ustupuje.

Rozdiely medzi pohlavím 

Ženy ľahšie znášajú, ak im do osobného priestoru vstúpi iná žena. Ak mužovi vstúpi nepozvane do jeho teritória iný muž, považuje to za výzvu alebo boj. V prípade ak žene vstúpi muž do priestoru, bez predošlej priateľskej atmosféry, začne sa cítiť ohrozená. Muž naopak víta takýto krok zo strany ženy; mnohokrát si to vysvetľuje ako sexuálnu ponuku. 

Kultúrne rozdiely

Osobný priestor každého z nás poskytuje pocit pohodlia a bezpečia, ktorý je ovplyvnený spôsobom jednania a mierou dotykov pri bežnej konverzácii. Južné národy ako sú Gréci, Portugalci, Španieli či Taliani sa nebránia dotykom, pri rozhovore s priateľmi si s nimi udržujú malý telesný odstup. Podobne, ak nie viac, bližšie sú si k sebe obyvatelia Latinskej Ameriky či Stredného Východu. Naopak ľudia zo Severnej Ameriky, Briti a väčšina národov severnej Európy a rovnako Austrálčania nemajú v obľube, keď k nim druhí veľmi blízko pristupujú.   

Z týchto dôvodov rešpektujme kultúru iných národov, nevnucujme im naše zvyklosti. Ak sa chceme k niekomu priblížiť, vždy platí pravidlo, že najskôr zrozumiteľným spôsobom požiadame o jeho súhlas.

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