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Jože Plečnik – architekt, ktorý premenil Pražský hrad a Lány

Napísal Czech Tourism, Kudy z Nudy 23. január 2022

Slovinský architekt Jože Plečnik sa na prianie prezidenta T. G. Masaryka stal prvým oficiálnym architektom Pražského hradu a výrazne ovplyvnil jeho podobu. Od jeho narodenia uplynulo 150 rokov.

lany_j_jirousek_czechtourism

Zdroj foto: Lany, (c) Jiří Jiroušek, CzechTourism

Poďte sa vybrať po jeho stopách nielen po Hradčanoch, ale aj do rezidencie prezidentov v Lánoch a ku kostolu na pražských Vinohradoch, ktorý patrí k najpôsobivejším Plečnikovým stavbám.

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 Zdroj foto: Plečnikov obelisk pri katedrále sv. Víta, ( c) Pavol Urbanek

Priekopník modernej architektúry a jeden z najvýznamnejších architektov 20. storočia Jože Plečnik bol celý život rozkročený medzi rodnou Ľubľanou, Viedňou, kde vyštudoval viedenskú akadémiu pod vedením jedného zo zakladateľov modernej európskej architektúry Otta Wagnera, a Prahou, kam ho priviedlo priateľstvo so spolužiakom Janom Kotěrou. Po desaťročnom pôsobení vo Viedni sa v roku 1910 presťahoval do Prahy, kde začal pôsobiť ako profesor dekoratívnej architektúry na Vysokej škole umeleckopriemyselnej. Spriatelil sa s T. G. Masarykom a po vzniku republiky sa stal architektom Pražského hradu, aby podľa Masarykovho priania „hrad monarchistický premenil na hrad demokratický“.

Plečnikove práce prezrádzajú vplyv stredomorskej architektúry aj viedenskej secesie, antiky a ranej talianskej renesancie. Jeho štýl kombinuje moderné a klasické prvky, najmä stĺpy, balustrády a piliere, a to z kvalitných materiálov, ako bola žula a mramor. Vrcholné obdobie Plečnikovej tvorby je spojené práve s úpravami Pražského hradu. Navrhol nové usporiadanie záhrad Rajskej, Na valech a Na Baště, odkiaľ vedie Býčie schodisko na tretie nádvorie. Tam architekt nechal vztýčiť monolit z mrákotínskej žuly. Podľa jeho plánov bol upravený aj byt prezidenta v Novom kráľovskom paláci, vstupná stĺpová sieň Španielskej sály, Masarykova vyhliadka s vinicou na severnej hrane Jelenej priekopy a ďalšie miesta.

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Zdroj foto: Plečnikovo Býčie schodisko na Pražskom hrade, (c) Pavol Urbanek

Na premeny Pražského hradu nadviazali nadčasové úpravy interiérov zámku v Lánoch a zámockého parku, oficiálna rezidencia českých prezidentov. Posledným Plečnikovým dielom v Česku je kostol Najsvätejšieho Srdca Pána v Prahe na námestí Jiřího z Poděbrad z rokov 1928 až 1932. Pretože časť verejnosti vtedy ostro protestovala proti jeho plánovaným zásahom v okolí Pražského hradu a Hradčan, Plečnik spoluprácu s Prahou, Masarykom a českým štátom ukončil a vrátil sa do vlasti.

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Zdroj foto: Kostol Najsvätejšieho srdca Pána, dielo Plečnika , (c) Pavol Urbanek

V Ľubľane v posledných dvadsiatich rokoch svojho života ovplyvnil urbanistické riešenie mesta a súčasne vybudoval školu architektúry. Medzi najznámejšie diela patrí Trojmostie cez rieku Ľubľanicu, tržnica, Národná a univerzitná knižnica či kostol sv. Michala na Blatoch.

Architekt zomrel v roku 1957 a je pochovaný na cintoríne Žale, ktorý tiež sám projektoval. V Ľubľane si tiež môžete prezrieť múzeum Jože Plečnika, umiestnené v jeho dome v štvrti Trnovo, v Česku jeho pôsobenie mapuje expozícia v Rothmayerovej vile v pražských Střešovicích.

Viac zaujímavých tipov na cestovanie do Českej republiky nájdete na kudyznudy.cz  

Zdroj foto: Praha - Hradčany, (c)Libor Sváček, CzechTourism 

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