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Základné tipy, ako a čím zatepliť fasádu

Napísal TS Hornbach 12. august 2019

Staviate rodinný dom alebo sa chystáte na rekonštrukciu toho súčasného domu? Potom iste zvažujete, akým spôsobom zatepliť jeho fasádu. Správne zvolený materiál prinesie zásadnú úsporu energií, ktoré súvisia ako s vykurovaním, tak aj s klimatizovaním interiéru budovy. 

tehla dom ilu

Vhodným a správne vykonaným zateplením dokážete ušetriť až 30 % nákladov, čo je pri stále sa zvyšujúcich cenách energií nezanedbateľná suma. Zateplenie fasády môžete vykonať dvoma základnými spôsobmi. Prvým z nich je kontaktné zateplenie fasády a druhým zateplenie odvetranej fasády. „Častejšie používanou metódou zateplenia je kontaktné zateplenie fasády, pretože je jednoduchšia a časovo aj finančne menej náročná. Odvetraná fasáda má zase lepšie predpoklady zabraňovať prehrievaniu fasády a má o niečo lepšiu zvukovú izoláciu,“vysvetľuje Richard Klička, odborník z projektových marketov Hornbach.   

KONTAKTNÉ ZATEPLENIE FASÁDY

Pri tomto spôsobe zateplenia sa ako izolant používa minerálna vata alebo penový polystyrén. Vybraný materiál je napevno prichytený priamo na existujúcu fasádu. 

Vata vs. polystyrén

Výhodou minerálnej vaty pred fasádnym polystyrénom je väčšia protipožiarna odolnosť. Zaujímavosťou je, že skôr sa ako prednosť minerálnej vaty uvádzala aj jej lepšia tepelnoizolačná účinnosť v porovnaní s fasádnym polystyrénom. Dnes ale tento rozdiel vymazáva tzv. sivý polystyrén, čiže grafitový polystyrén, ktorý má ešte lepšie tepelné vlastnosti než bežné minerálne fasádne vaty.

Skôr ako začnete zatepľovať

Predtým, než sa vrhnete na samotné zateplenie fasády, pripravte zodpovedajúcu kvalitu podkladu. „Pred realizáciou kontaktného zateplenia musí byť podklad suchý a čistý. Ubezpečte sa, že je zbavený všetkých, hoci aj nepatrných častí, starej fasády. Po očistení podkladu vykonajte penetráciu povrchu. Dôvodom je lepšie priľnutie podkladovej a lepiacej vrstvy. Potom už môžete realizovať samotnú montáž fasádneho polystyrénu či minerálnej vaty,“radí Richard Klička. 

Montáž zakladacích soklových líšt

Prvým krokom kontaktného zateplenia fasády je montáž zakladacích soklových líšt, do ktorých vložíte izolačné dosky. Izolačné dosky lepte na terče pomocou stierkového tmelu a postupujte vždy odspodu hore. Izolačné fasádne dosky by ste mali dávať na väzbu, rovnako ako napríklad tehly. Dosky následne ukotvite pomocou tanierových hmoždiniek s plastovým tŕňom. Na jeden meter štvorcový použite aspoň 4 hmoždinky, ideálne však viac. Na rohy fasády použite rohové lišty s perlinkou, ktorá rohy spevní a ochráni ich pred prípadným poškodením.

Prestierkovanie

Prestierkovanie vykonáte stierkovým tmelom. Stierkovanie vykonávajte zhora nadol v niekoľkých vrstvách. Pamätajte, že celková hrúbka stierky musí dosahovať aspoň 3 až 5 milimetrov. Do stierkového tmelu vložte perlinku a tmelom ju prekryte, ideálne  hrúbkou 10 cm. Akonáhle vyschne stierková vrstva, môžete zahájiť aplikáciu omietky.

Aplikácia omietky

Prvým krokom je nanesenie penetračných prostriedkov pod omietku na stierkovú vrstvu. Vďaka tomuto sa zvýši priľnavosť a zároveň zníži nasiakavosť podkladu. „Po penetrácii zatmeľte škáry okolo stavebných výplní ako sú napríklad okná a dvere. Odporúčam použiť pružný akrylátový tmel. Posledným krokom je nanesenie finálnej omietky,“upresňuje odborník z Hornbachu.

ODVETRANÁ FASÁDA

Základom odvetranej fasády je vzduchová medzera medzi tepelnou izoláciou a obvodovej steny domu. Prúdenie vzduchu cez vzduchovú medzeru zabraňuje vlhnutiu stien a prehrievaniu fasády. Systém odvetranej fasády sa skladá z nosného roštu, vzduchovej odvetrávanej medzery, samotného izolantu a obloženia. Izolačným materiálom je minerálna vata v tvare dosiek. Ako obloženie sa často používajú OSB dosky alebo rôzne fasádne dosky z betónu, keramiky, dreva ale napríklad aj kovu. Pretože ide o suchý proces, odvetrané zateplenie fasády môžete aplikovať aj v zimnom období. 

31 komentárov

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