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Žena a depresie

Napísal femme 20. november 2018

Diagnostika depresií u žien je dvojnásobná ako u mužov. Prečo je to tak má niekoľko dôvodov, môže to byť väčšie citové založenie alebo hormóny. Okrem už uvedených dôvodov, ďalším z možných faktorov je ten, že ženy sa skôr obrátia na odborníkov, ktorý sú schopný diagnostikovať rôzne stupne depresie.

depresia_woman18

Hormonálne rozdiely medzi oboma pohlaviami ktoré tiež spôsobujú, že ženy sú náchylnejšie k depresiám. Vyššia hladina hormónov estrogénu a progesteronu u žien sa mení počas menštruácie, tehotenstva, pôrodu a menopauzy. Lieky, ktoré obsahujú pohlavné hormóny, môžu byť tiež z príčin depresií.

Menštruácia

Vplyv na depresie má ja aj tzv. PMS pred menštruačný syndróm, ktorá sa prejavuje niektorými príznakmi, ktoré sú u každej ženy individuálne. Odhaduje sa, že 20 až 40 percent všetkých žien trpí sedem až desať dní pred menštruáciou radom fyzických a emočných ťažkostí. Medzi najčastejšie PMS príznaky patria: citlivosť na prsiach, zadržiavanie vody v organizme, úzkosť, precitlivenosť, zvýšená chuť do jedla, vzrušenie a depresie. Tieto príznaky sú rôzne zastúpené. Ženám so silnými prejavmi PMS môže lekár nasadiť antidepresíva.

Tehotenstvo

Počas tehotenstva sú hladiny estrogénu a progesterónu zvýšené a po pôrode klesajú. Práve táto zmena spúšťa depresiu. Tzv. "popôrodnou depresiou" trpia hlavne prvorodičky, približne 15 percent z nich trpí ľahšou formou a jedna z 500 je postihnutá ťažkou formou depresie.

Menopauza

Ženy v strednom veku najčastejšie vyhľadávajú odbornú pomoc na zvládnutie depresií. Zmeny v hormonálnych hladín podporujú vznik depresií a obdobie tzv. "prechodu", môže byť jednou z príčin. Ďalším spúšťacím mechanizmom býva odchod detí z rodiny, nezhody v manželstve, pracovné problémy, choroba alebo strata rodičov a podobne. 
Prístupy k liečbe bývajú rozdielne, v Británii ženy trpiace depresiou počas menopauzy dostávajú antidepresíva. V Spojených štátoch predpisujú lekári estrogénovú terapiu, aby vyrovnali narušené hladiny hormonálnych hladín.

Ženy v domácnosti

Dôsledkom nedostatočného sociálneho kontaktu a osobného uspokojenia sa často u takýchto žien vyskytujú depresie. Najčastejšie sa to prejavuje u mladých žien s troma a viac deťmi doma, nezáujem partnera o domácnosť a partnerku, nevyhovujúce finančné podmienky, neexistencia "vlastného" života a súkromia.

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